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Hoover and the Great Hoover and the Great Depression Depression

Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

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Page 1: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Hoover and the Great Hoover and the Great DepressionDepression

Page 2: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

AP OutlineAP Outline

Depression, 1929-1933Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression economy Moods of despair Moods of despair

Agrarian unrest Agrarian unrest Bonus march Bonus march

Hoover-Stimson diplomacy; Japan Hoover-Stimson diplomacy; Japan

Page 3: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Hoover Key TermsHoover Key Terms

Great DepressionGreat Depression Stock Market CrashStock Market Crash Hoover's Response to The CrashHoover's Response to The Crash Chain Reaction-Unemployment-Chain Reaction-Unemployment-

Bank FailuresBank Failures Massive SufferingMassive Suffering

Page 4: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Causes of the DepressionCauses of the Depression

Uneven Distribution of incomeUneven Distribution of income Stock Market Speculation-Stock Market Speculation- Excessive Credit Excessive Credit

Buying Stock on MarginBuying Stock on Margin Over Produciton of Farm GoodsOver Produciton of Farm Goods

Page 5: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 6: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Great Great Depression Depression SufferingSuffering

Page 7: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Okies and Okies and “Hooverville”“Hooverville”

Page 8: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 9: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 10: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Hoover’s Response Hoover’s Response

Hoover’s Initial Reaction:Hoover’s Initial Reaction: Conservative RepublicanConservative Republican Thought the poor economy would improve…Thought the poor economy would improve… Just another temporary down turnJust another temporary down turn

Government’s Reaction Made the Depression worseGovernment’s Reaction Made the Depression worse Idea- Government cuts (spending) expenditures to balance Idea- Government cuts (spending) expenditures to balance

the budgetthe budget Raised taxesRaised taxes Cut spendingCut spending Significance-problematicSignificance-problematic action it took $ out of the action it took $ out of the

economyeconomy

Page 11: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Hoover ResponsesHoover Responses No government interferenceNo government interference in the economy- in the economy- ““The The DoleDole corrupts society” no governments help corrupts society” no governments help

in relief of unemploymentin relief of unemployment Volunteerism-Volunteerism- private charities should help the private charities should help the

neededneeded People should give to charityPeople should give to charity Called bankers to bolster financial marketCalled bankers to bolster financial market Called industrialist not to lower wagesCalled industrialist not to lower wages

““Bank Relief”Bank Relief” (RFC)(RFC) Reconstruction Finance Corporation Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Hoover did try to help and support banks and Hoover did try to help and support banks and corporations by offering loans that would spur the corporations by offering loans that would spur the economy.economy.

No government deficit spendingNo government deficit spending (he changes (he changes his mind in 1933 and begins deficit spending)his mind in 1933 and begins deficit spending)

Page 12: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

The “Bonus The “Bonus March”March”

Veterans of World Veterans of World War IWar I

Demonstrate, Demonstrate, protest, camp out protest, camp out in Washington DCin Washington DC

Hoover orders Hoover orders Army to remove Army to remove protestorsprotestors

MacArthurMacArthur and and tanks are finally tanks are finally usedused

Page 13: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR and The “New Deal”FDR and The “New Deal”

Page 14: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

New DealNew Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt Background, ideas Background, ideas Philosophy of New Deal Philosophy of New Deal 100 Days; "alphabet agencies" 100 Days; "alphabet agencies" Second New Deal Second New Deal Critics, left and right Critics, left and right Rise of CIO; labor strikes Rise of CIO; labor strikes Supreme Court fight Supreme Court fight Recession of 1938 Recession of 1938 American people in the Depression American people in the Depression Social values, women, ethnic groups Social values, women, ethnic groups Indian Reorganization Act Indian Reorganization Act Mexican American deportation Mexican American deportation The racial issues The racial issues

Page 15: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Who is Franklin Delano Who is Franklin Delano Roosevelt?Roosevelt?

•Huge personality

•Energetic

•Self confident

•Charismatic

•Consummate politician

•New York, Wealthy Family

•Cousin to TR, Harvard Educated

•VP Candidate 1920

•1921 stricken with Polio- wheel chair

•Under Secretary of the Navy, Wilson

•Governor of New York 1928 thru 32

Page 16: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Democratic NominationDemocratic Nomination

Gains nomination by bringing diverse Gains nomination by bringing diverse groups together- groups together-

Steals the Nomination from SmithSteals the Nomination from Smith

# 1 factor in the election is # 1 factor in the election is ECONOMYECONOMY

Page 17: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Election of 1932Election of 1932

FDR believed in FDR believed in Progressive idealsProgressive ideals

The Government The Government servesserves the people the people

Truly sympathetic Truly sympathetic to the to the disadvantageddisadvantaged

Government needs Government needs to reform businessto reform business

PlatformPlatformLow TariffLow TariffUnemployment Unemployment InsuranceInsuranceOld Age InsuranceOld Age Insurance

Page 18: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR pledged a new deal for FDR pledged a new deal for AmericaAmerica

"I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people."new deal for the American people." FDR Democratic National Convention FDR Democratic National Convention 19321932

““The Country demands bold persistent The Country demands bold persistent experimentation.” FDRexperimentation.” FDR

But never said what it would be or how But never said what it would be or how it would work…it would work…

Page 19: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 20: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Election of FDRElection of FDR

Page 21: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 22: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Election Map of 1932Election Map of 1932

Page 23: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR and Democrats winFDR and Democrats win

Immediately Roosevelt calls together Immediately Roosevelt calls together experts November –January experts November –January

The The “Brain Trust”-“Brain Trust”- political, business political, business and Intellectuals/Academicsand Intellectuals/Academics

Page 24: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Key IdeaKey Idea

The The New Deal represents the greatest New Deal represents the greatest expansion of Federal power in the history of the expansion of Federal power in the history of the countrycountry..

The Federal Government will now take on the The Federal Government will now take on the role of supporting Americans through role of supporting Americans through regulationregulation of economy= banking, labor supports, of economy= banking, labor supports, Securities and Exchange Commission, and Securities and Exchange Commission, and Social InsuranceSocial Insurance= Social Security, = Social Security, Unemployment, Aid to Families with Dependent Unemployment, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Children,

Page 25: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

What is the New Deal?What is the New Deal?

The “Brain Trust” created a series of The “Brain Trust” created a series of programs created by the Federal programs created by the Federal Government that provided for changes Government that provided for changes to:to:

Aid economicAid economic development (Recovery) development (Recovery) Help citizensHelp citizens (Relief) (Relief) PreventPrevent another depression from another depression from

occurring again. (Reform)occurring again. (Reform)

Page 26: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Three “R”sThree “R”s

ReliefRelief for the people out of work for the people out of work RecoveryRecovery for business and economy for business and economy ReformReform of American economic of American economic

institutions institutions

Page 27: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

First 100 DaysFirst 100 Days Inaugural speech March Inaugural speech March

4, 19334, 1933 ““The only thing we have The only thing we have

to fear is fear itself.”to fear is fear itself.” Offered the American Offered the American

public hope!public hope! Emergency Session of Emergency Session of

Congress to approve and Congress to approve and enact new laws to aid the enact new laws to aid the economy.economy.

First item:First item:Bank Bank Holiday-Holiday- Emergency Emergency Banking Banking ActAct

Page 28: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

John Maynard John Maynard KeynesKeynes

Keynesian EconomicsKeynesian Economics Father of deficit spending Father of deficit spending Advocated the use of Government Advocated the use of Government

spending to mitigate the problems of spending to mitigate the problems of Capitalism in an effort to spur and Capitalism in an effort to spur and stabilize the economystabilize the economy

See reading See reading

Page 29: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Mass Media: RADIOMass Media: RADIO

““Fireside Chats”Fireside Chats” 60 million people60 million people Offer confidence and hopeOffer confidence and hope People begin to trust and look to him People begin to trust and look to him

for helpfor help

Page 30: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

New Deal Legislation (100 New Deal Legislation (100 Days)Days)

Repeal Prohibition: Repeal Prohibition: 2121stst AmendmentAmendment

Revenue Act- Tax Revenue Act- Tax AlcoholAlcohol

Agricultural Agricultural Adjustment Act Adjustment Act (AAA)(AAA)

(NRA)(NRA) National National Recovery Recovery AdministrationAdministration

(NIRA)(NIRA) National National Industrial Recovery ActIndustrial Recovery Act

(PWA)(PWA) Public Works Public Works AdministrationAdministration

(TVA)(TVA) Tennessee Tennessee Valley AuthorityValley Authority

(FDIC)(FDIC) Federal Deposit Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationInsurance Corporation

(CCC)(CCC) Civilian Civilian Conservation CorpsConservation Corps

(FERA)(FERA) Federal Federal Emergency Relief Emergency Relief Administration Administration Harry Harry Hopkins-Hopkins- leader leader

Page 31: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Other New Deal programsOther New Deal programs

(SEC) Security and Exchange (SEC) Security and Exchange CommissionCommission

(FCC) Federal Communications (FCC) Federal Communications CommissionCommission

Page 32: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Critics of FDRCritics of FDRRightRight

American Liberty League-big business American Liberty League-big business Raskob Chairman of GMRaskob Chairman of GM

LeftLeftFather Father CoughlinCoughlin

Dr. TownsendDr. Townsend

Social Social SecuritySecurity

Huey P. LongHuey P. Long

““Share the Share the Wealth”Wealth”

Page 33: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

22ndnd New Deal New Deal

Goals to create more jobs Goals to create more jobs Security against old age-Security against old age-

unemployment, and illnessunemployment, and illness Improve slums and housingImprove slums and housing Social Security-(1935)Social Security-(1935) Unemployment InsuranceUnemployment Insurance Wagner Act- National Labor Relations Wagner Act- National Labor Relations

ActAct

Page 34: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Labor Labor Rises under the New Rises under the New DealDeal

After 1933 Union Membership expands- After 1933 Union Membership expands- normally this is not the casenormally this is not the case

The New Deal allowed for labor The New Deal allowed for labor protections:protections: First under the National Recovery First under the National Recovery

Administration- (NRA) Administration- (NRA) Set wages and prices in effort to create jobsSet wages and prices in effort to create jobs NRA is found unconstitutional by Supreme NRA is found unconstitutional by Supreme

Court- Court- Schechter Poultry vs United StatesSchechter Poultry vs United States

Page 35: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR Was Pro-UnionFDR Was Pro-UnionWagner ActWagner Act

The The National Labor Relations ActNational Labor Relations Act gave workers the right to gave workers the right to negotiate through unions of their negotiate through unions of their choice. choice.

It also prevented employers from It also prevented employers from interfering with union activitiesinterfering with union activities

Page 36: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

John L. Lewis John L. Lewis and the CIOand the CIO

Charismatic LeaderCharismatic Leader President of the United Mine Workers President of the United Mine Workers Began as VP of American Federation Began as VP of American Federation

of Laborof Labor Wanted to include mass production Wanted to include mass production

workers in AFL workers in AFL (UNSKILLED WORKERS)(UNSKILLED WORKERS) When AFL resists- he forms When AFL resists- he forms CIOCIO Congress of Industrial OrganizationsCongress of Industrial Organizations

Page 37: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

CIO vs. General MotorsCIO vs. General Motors

GM employed 240,000 workersGM employed 240,000 workers Detroit/Flint Michigan areaDetroit/Flint Michigan area The first use of The first use of “Sit Down Strike“Sit Down Strike” is seen” is seen Workers go to work, peaceful Workers go to work, peaceful

demonstration, refuse to work.demonstration, refuse to work.

Government sides with laborGovernment sides with labor and no and no national guard and strike violencenational guard and strike violence

Page 38: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

GM Gives InGM Gives In

GM gave in to strikers demandsGM gave in to strikers demands United Auto Workers is recognizedUnited Auto Workers is recognized Auto Workers and Steel Workers join the Auto Workers and Steel Workers join the

CIO-CIO- 1937- 200,000 Auto Workers1937- 200,000 Auto Workers 300,000 steel workers300,000 steel workers Membership grows 4 millionMembership grows 4 million Represents- pro-union stance of New DealRepresents- pro-union stance of New Deal However- some violence still exist in labor However- some violence still exist in labor

disputes- Chrysler, Ford, and Republic steeldisputes- Chrysler, Ford, and Republic steel

Page 39: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 40: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

How does FDR end up with a How does FDR end up with a “friendly” Supreme Court?“friendly” Supreme Court?

Page 41: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR and the CourtFDR and the Court

Second Term- 1937Second Term- 1937 Economy growing but New Deal still Economy growing but New Deal still

neededneeded Supreme Court was limiting the Supreme Court was limiting the

effectiveness of programseffectiveness of programs They reflected They reflected conservative-conservative- Right Right

Wing views= pro-business, reduce Wing views= pro-business, reduce government interferencegovernment interference

Page 42: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

The Court in 1937The Court in 1937

Older GenerationOlder Generation Had different vision of societyHad different vision of society 9 Judges- 7 appointed by 9 Judges- 7 appointed by RepublicansRepublicans

80% of Judges in lower Fed courts80% of Judges in lower Fed courts

Roosevelt was Frustrated:Roosevelt was Frustrated:

FDR proposed to add up to six new judges FDR proposed to add up to six new judges to the Supreme Court and up to 44 judges to the Supreme Court and up to 44 judges to lower federal tribunals. His scheme was to lower federal tribunals. His scheme was advertised as court reform. advertised as court reform.

Page 43: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR tries to Circumvent the FDR tries to Circumvent the CourtCourt

FDR was afraid that the court would FDR was afraid that the court would continue to limit New Deal reforms- like AAA continue to limit New Deal reforms- like AAA and National Recovery Administration NRAand National Recovery Administration NRA

Proposal sent to Congress:Proposal sent to Congress: Face value- appoint more judges to make Face value- appoint more judges to make

courts more efficientcourts more efficient Truth: add more liberal judges to Truth: add more liberal judges to

manipulate the process- pro-New Deal manipulate the process- pro-New Deal judgesjudges

FDR is widely criticizedFDR is widely criticized

Page 44: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 45: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 46: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression
Page 47: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR’s Plan BackfiresFDR’s Plan Backfires

Public outcry and criticism reduces Public outcry and criticism reduces plan ton defeatplan ton defeat

Court becomes more moderateCourt becomes more moderate Social Security Act upheldSocial Security Act upheld National labor Relations Board vs. National labor Relations Board vs.

Jones and Laughlin Steel:Jones and Laughlin Steel: Wagner Act is upheld- (Pro Labor Wagner Act is upheld- (Pro Labor

Decision) Decision)

Page 48: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

““A Shift in Time Saves Nine”A Shift in Time Saves Nine”

Rational for Majority Decision- NLRB v Rational for Majority Decision- NLRB v Jones and Laughlin SteelJones and Laughlin Steel

““Unions served to maintain labor peace Unions served to maintain labor peace and prevent the disruption of interstate and prevent the disruption of interstate commerce; it was thus Constitutional commerce; it was thus Constitutional for the Federal Government to promote for the Federal Government to promote Unionization through the mechanisms Unionization through the mechanisms created in the Wagner Act.”created in the Wagner Act.”

Page 49: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Liberal Judges AppointedLiberal Judges Appointed

Justices Hugo BlackJustices Hugo Black Justices Frank MurphyJustices Frank Murphy Justices Felix FrankfurterJustices Felix Frankfurter

Will have lasting impact on American Will have lasting impact on American Government Government

Page 50: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Recession 1938Recession 1938

New Deal is coming to an endNew Deal is coming to an end 1937- 2 new pieces of legislation 1937- 2 new pieces of legislation

enactedenacted 1938- 1938- Farm BillFarm Bill = similar AAA-compensating = similar AAA-compensating

farmers- controlling supply and pricingfarmers- controlling supply and pricing Fair Labor Standards Act-Fair Labor Standards Act-

Prohibition of child laborProhibition of child labor Minimum wage= .40 cents hourMinimum wage= .40 cents hour 40 hour work week40 hour work week

Page 51: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

1933-1938 1933-1938

New DealNew Deal is working- people are is working- people are workingworking

Relief programsRelief programs are being successful are being successful But- the economy is still very badBut- the economy is still very bad

UnemploymentUnemployment Production downProduction down

1938 Economy drops again1938 Economy drops again Unemployment risesUnemployment rises Stock Market dropsStock Market drops

Page 52: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Recession and FDRRecession and FDR

FDR thought the Economy was on the FDR thought the Economy was on the riserise

Cuts Cuts WPA- PWAWPA- PWA –Federally –Federally sponsored jobssponsored jobs

Federal Reserve raises interest ratesFederal Reserve raises interest rates Causes tight credit- reduces the supply of Causes tight credit- reduces the supply of

creditcredit few few SS taxes cause money to come out of SS taxes cause money to come out of

economyeconomy

Page 53: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR Moderates the New Deal FDR Moderates the New Deal and people lose jobsand people lose jobs

Page 54: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

FDR and Minority FDR and Minority GroupsGroups

FDR was sympathetic in general, to African FDR was sympathetic in general, to African AmericansAmericans

Refused to push for a strong Federal Refused to push for a strong Federal Lynching law-Lynching law-

He was afraid to alienate the Southern He was afraid to alienate the Southern DemocratsDemocrats

Eleanor was the greatest supporter of African Eleanor was the greatest supporter of African American issues and civil rightsAmerican issues and civil rights

Page 55: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Eleanor a Truly Compassionate Eleanor a Truly Compassionate Human BeingHuman Being

Eleanor RooseveltEleanor Roosevelt fought for African fought for African American civil rights and American civil rights and improvementimprovement

She pressured FDR to listen and try She pressured FDR to listen and try to improve conditions for African to improve conditions for African Americans in the USAmericans in the US

Supported anti-lynching laws, Supported anti-lynching laws, abolition of poll taxes, and abolition of poll taxes, and

Page 56: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

New Deal Programs and New Deal Programs and DiscriminationDiscrimination

New Deal programs like:New Deal programs like: CCC-CCC- had segregated units and had segregated units and

campscamps NRA paid blacks lessNRA paid blacks less

Page 57: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

New Deal helped African New Deal helped African AmericansAmericans

African-Americans, who for many years had African-Americans, who for many years had loyally voted with the Republican Party, loyally voted with the Republican Party, switched to the Democratic Party as a result switched to the Democratic Party as a result of the popular New Deal reforms. of the popular New Deal reforms.

Though discriminated against by nearly Though discriminated against by nearly every New Deal agency, especially in the every New Deal agency, especially in the South, they were almost never excluded South, they were almost never excluded from assistance altogether. from assistance altogether.

The New Deal provided African-Americans The New Deal provided African-Americans with immediate economic assistance that with immediate economic assistance that stood between them and complete stood between them and complete destitution.destitution.

Page 58: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

The Black CabinetThe Black Cabinet Roosevelt was the first president in Roosevelt was the first president in

the modern period to even listen and the modern period to even listen and or acknowledge African American or acknowledge African American needsneeds

He was not overtly supportive He was not overtly supportive because of political considerations because of political considerations (Southern Democrats) but he did (Southern Democrats) but he did listen and allowed for some supportlisten and allowed for some support

Page 59: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Phillip Randolph-African Phillip Randolph-African American LeaderAmerican Leader

Leader of the train Leader of the train porter’s unionporter’s union

Becomes spokesman for Becomes spokesman for mainstream African mainstream African AmericansAmericans

Page 60: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Indian ReorganizationIndian Reorganization The Dawes Plan of 1887, forced The Dawes Plan of 1887, forced

Native Americans to reorganize their Native Americans to reorganize their living conditions-they had to divide living conditions-they had to divide land individually.land individually.

In the New Deal- the reorganization In the New Deal- the reorganization of Native land allowed for collective of Native land allowed for collective (group) ownership, and funding for (group) ownership, and funding for education, and cultural programs- education, and cultural programs-

Native Americans were not left out.Native Americans were not left out.

Page 61: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Mexican DeportationMexican Deportation

Many Mexican immigrants begin to arrive Many Mexican immigrants begin to arrive in the 1920sin the 1920s

When the Depression hits, more come, When the Depression hits, more come, but then a backlash against them occursbut then a backlash against them occurs

The competition over jobs causes The competition over jobs causes resentment and deportation of over resentment and deportation of over 500,000 people, mostly in the south-west500,000 people, mostly in the south-west

Page 62: Hoover and the Great Depression. AP Outline Depression, 1929-1933 Depression, 1929-1933 Wall Street crash Wall Street crash Depression economy Depression

Document InterpretationDocument InterpretationDBQDBQ

Read the Question before you read documentsRead the Question before you read documents Brainstorm all prior knowledge regarding questionBrainstorm all prior knowledge regarding question Create a thesis Create a thesis Read each document:Read each document:

Brainstorm prior-knowledge for each document-list on the DBQBrainstorm prior-knowledge for each document-list on the DBQ Interpret each document:Interpret each document: What do you know about the source, author?What do you know about the source, author? What is the context of the document?What is the context of the document? What is the main message of the document?What is the main message of the document? What perspective is being portrayed?What perspective is being portrayed? What is the purpose of the document?What is the purpose of the document? What is the significance of the document?What is the significance of the document? What point could you make with this document in relation to What point could you make with this document in relation to

the question?the question? Read and brainstorm 5 documentsRead and brainstorm 5 documents