Homeopathy theories

8/13/2019 Homeopathy theories

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MEMORY OF WATER

The Information Medicinehypothesis


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MEMORY OF WATER

Water, and perhaps other polar solvents are, under certain

circumstances, capable of storing information relating to

substances with which they have previously been in contact,

and subsequently transmitting this information to

presensitised biosystems.


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HISTORY

Jacques Benveniste 1935-2004

1935 Born in ParisStudied medicine at the medical school

1967 Head of clinic at the medical faculty in1971 Discovered PAF

Candidate for the Nobel prizeEarly 1980s:

A medical doctor with side interest inhomeopathy joined his team.

Jacques:He asked me if he could try my basophil

degranulation test on some homeopathicPreparations. I said OK bu t al l you w i l lbe test ing is water.

1988: Scientists from six laboratories in fourcountries (France, Canada, Israel andItaly) submitted an article to NATURE.


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HISTORY

Nature1988; 333: 816818

Suggestion:

Since di lu t ions need to b e accom panied by vigorous shaking for

the effects to be observed, transm issio n of the biolog ical

inform ation cou ld be related to the mo lecular organizat ion of

water.


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HISTORY2 weeks later- July 1988Nature recruited a magician to challenge Jacques experiment.


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HISTORYMaddox J, Randi J, Stewart WW.

High- dilution experiment is a delusion.Nature 1988; 334: 287290


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HISTORY

Water Memory

WAR


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HISTORY

Water Memory

WAR

$1m prize to anyone who can provide convincing evidence

James Randi


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HISTORY

Water Memory

WAR

Horizonconducts its own scientific experiment, to try and win his money.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2002/homeopathy.shtml

Results are no t conc lusiv e.


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HISTORY

The end of the Benveniste Affair?

Philippe Belon, Boiron, LyonJean Cumps, statistician, Catholic University of LouvainMarcel Roberfroid, coordinator, Catholic University of LouvainMadeleine Ennis, Queen's University BelfastPF Mannioni, University of FlorenceJean Ste Laudy, CERBA, ParisFred Wiegant, University of Utrecht


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HISTORY

Belon et al results

LaboratoryControl

(% degranulation)Histamine 15-19c

(% degranulation) n p

1 45.8 36.5 123 0.00022 50.2 47.5 312 0.065

3 51.6 47.4 183 0.0244 47.8 35.7 154


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How might water store

information? Hypotheses Geometric models

Formation of clathrates Information stored in bond lengths, angles

Dynamic models Coherent regions displaying stable laser-like

behaviourDel Guidice E, Preparata G, Vitiello G. Water as a free

electric dipole laser. Phys Rev Letts 1988; 61:1085-1088


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information? Hypotheses


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information? HypothesesComputer simulation of hydrogen bonding in

liquid water


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Structure of waterH+ andOH ionsDeuterium HDO molecules

Previously dissolved solutesDissolved gassesGaseous nanobubblesMaterials dissolved or detached from the containing vesselSolid particles and aerosols

weakly-bound but partially-covalently linked molecular clusters containing one,two, three or four hydrogen bonds, and hydrogen ion and hydroxideion species.


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How Homeopathic preparations

store information? Hypotheses

Ethanol1) Ethanol forms solutions in water that are slow to equilibrate2) Complex mixture of water-water and ethanol-ethanol clusters3) Hydrogen bonding is longer lived than in water alone4) They favour nanobubble formation

Nieto-Draghi C, Hargreaves R, Bates SP. Structure and dynamics of water in aqueousmethanol. J Phys Condens Matter 2005; 17: S3265S3272.

Jin F, Ye J, Hong L, Lam H, Wu C. Slow relaxation mode in mixtures of water andorganic molecules: supramolecular structures or nanobubbles? J Phys Chem B2007; 111: 22552261.


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store information? HypothesesSilica

Dissolved silica is capable of forming solid silicate particles with

complementary structures (ie imprints) to dissolved solutes and

macromolecules.

Such particles will remember these complementary structures essentiallyforever.

A thorough investigation into the structural differences previously reported betweenhomeopathically potentized (ie succussed and extremely diluted) and unpotentizednitric acid solutions showed that the effect was lost if different glassware was used.

Anick DJ, Ives JA. The silica hypothesis for homeopathy:physical chemistry. Homeopathy2007; 96: 189195.

Milgrom LR, King KR, Lee J, Pinkus AS. On the investigation of homeopathic potencies usinglow resolution NMR T2 relaxation times: an experimental and critical survey of the work ofRoland Conte et al. Br Homeopath J 2001;

90: 513.


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store information? HypothesesSuccussion

May significantly increase concentrations of silicate, sodium and bicarbonate

Increasing and decreasing (negative) pressure will be encountered so involving thecompression and stretching of the hydrogen bonded network.

Silicate glassliquid surface: Pressure waves would not only encourage dissolutionbut may dislodge nanoparticles of silicate (or other) material.

Elia V, Niccoli M. New physico-chemical properties of extremely diluted aqueous solutions. JTherm Anal Calorim2004; 75: 815836.

Voeikov VL. The possible role of active oxygen in the Memory of Water. Homeopathy 2007;

96: 196201.


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store information? HypothesesSuccussion

Produces long term oscillatory behaviour

Produces hydrogen peroxide and Ozone molecules (increased potency withincreased dilution)

Water impurities (bacterial contamination) can change during the dilution process byreactions initiated by the original active material. Different potencies have different

Effects.Elia V, Niccoli M. New physico-chemical properties of extremely diluted aqueous solutions. JTherm Anal Calorim2004; 75: 815836.

Voeikov VL. The possible role of active oxygen in the Memory of Water. Homeopathy 2007;

96: 196201.


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Normal water

in electromagnetic field

Clustered water

in electromagnetic field

Formation of Clathrates

Evaporating monosodium phosphate IE(clustered) solution in the presence of an

electromagnetic field.

Lo SY, Lo A, Chong LW, Tianzhang L, Hua LH, Geng X.

Physical properties of water with IE structures.

Modern Physics Letters. (1996) B10:921-930.



Th l i f


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Thermoluminescence of

ultramolecular dilutions of NaCl and

LiCl Method dilutions of LiCl and NaCl in heavy water (D2O)

cooled to 770K, bombarded with x- or -rays

excites electrons, creates +vely charged holes

warmed: +ve holes and excited electrons recombine generates characteristic thermoluminescence glow

Results

high dilutions (15c = 10-30) of LiCl and NaCl have similar

spectrum to dilutions containing molecules of the samesubstances, and different from D2O

likely to be due to broken H-bonds

Thermoluminescence signature of


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Thermoluminescence signature ofultramolecular dilutions of NaCl and

LiCl

Rey L. Thermoluminesence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride andsodium chloride. Physica A 2003; 323:67-74

ermo um nescence s gna ure o


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ermo um nescence s gna ure oultramolecular dilutions of NaCl and

LiCl

Rey L. Thermoluminesence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride andsodium chloride. Physica A 2003; 323:67-74


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