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HOLOCAUST

HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

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Page 1: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

HOLOCAUST

Page 2: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

HOLOCAUST• The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-

sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.

• Today the holocaust is regularly considered to be a Genocide.

• Genocide - deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

• In 1935 9 million Jews lived throughout Europe. 10 years later, only 3 million remained.

• How could this happen?

Page 3: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• A total of roughly nine million Jews lived in the countries that would be occupied by Germany during World War II. By the end of the war, two out of every three of these Jews would be dead, and European Jewish life would be changed forever.

• Russia and Poland had the largest population of Jews.

• Jews could be found in all walks of life: farmers, factory workers, business people, doctors, teachers, and craftsmen

Page 4: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

BACKGROUND INFORMATION:

1.) In 1933, less than 1% of the German population was Jewish.

2.) Jews contributed significantly to German culture. Many served in World War I and thought of themselves as Germans first and Jews second.

3.) They considered Germany a home.

Page 5: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

WHY TARGET THE JEWISH?

• Jews have faced prejudice and discrimination for over 2,000 years.

• ANTISEMITISM -discrimination against or prejudice or hostility toward Jews.

WWI

• Extremists blamed Jews for Germany’s defeat in WWI and blamed the German Foreign Minister (a Jew) for his role in reaching a settlement with the Allies.

Page 6: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

1ST STEP: PERSECUTION• 1.) Boycott of Jewish

Businesses 1933. • Jewish businesses

were marked with stars in the windows and often attacked

• Additionally, Tens of thousands of Jews were fired from their jobs and banned from universities.

Page 7: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• 1933 – Hitler announces a boycott of all Jewish businesses

• Isolates Jews socially and economically from German society.

• How would this hurt the Jewish community?

Page 8: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

2ND STEP: CLASSIFICATION1.) Nuremberg Laws (1935): A

series of Anti-Semitic Laws that determined German Citizenship.

a.) Classified society into Germans, Mix Blood Or Jews. • If you were pronounced mix

blood or Jewish, Nuremberg Laws restricted your citizenship

b.) Banned marriages between Jews and non-Jews.

Chart that indicates whether you are Jewish or not.

What use to determine whether you were Jewish?

How does this law change this?

Page 9: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

CLASSIFICATION CONTINUED2.) Those classified as

Jewish were forced to wear the Yellow Star of David (Jewish Symbol).

Why is classifying who is Jewish important to causing discrimination?

Jewish family forced to wear the

star of david

Page 10: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

OTHER BADGES OF HATE

Other groups that Hitler opposed were forced to where these badges to signify

their position in society

Page 11: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

3RD STEP: DISCRIMINATION• 1.) By 1939, The Jewish community

lose their civil rights:• Denied the right to own property. • Lawyers couldn’t practice law. • Jewish Doctors couldn’t treat

Aryans • Denied the right to vote. • Have to carry identification papers. • They can’t attend or teach at German

schools, • Can’t hold government jobs

How does this Nazi propaganda poster

depict Jewish people?

“The Eternal Jew”

Page 12: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

DISCRIMINATION CONTINUED:2.) Kristallnacht

(November 1938)• “Night of the Broken Glass”

• This incident was used by the Nazis as a excuse to go beyond legal repression to large-scale physical violence against Jewish Germans.

• Do you think this event was a random occurrence?

Page 13: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

KRISTALLNACHT (1938)• Thousands of Jewish shops

and synagogues destroyed.

• 30,000 Jews arrested and sent to Concentration camps.

• Estimated over 100 Jews died on this night

It’s called a concentration camp because the Nazi’s concentrated (bring together) those they didn’t like into these camps.

This picture is typical of the smashed windows of Jewish businesses on Kristallnacht.

Page 14: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 15: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

4TH STEP: SEGREGATION (1939)1.) In 1939 all Jews were to be

forced from their homes and required to live in ghettos which were small Isolated areas within a city that were sealed off with barbed-wire or high walls..

• The Jews often arrived with only the clothes on their backs because they were only given a few minutes to gather their belongings before being ejected from their homes.Jews

Page 16: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

JEWISH GHETTOS (1939)

Page 17: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

Jewish Ghettos (1939)•Established in November 1940, the Warsaw ghetto in Poland contained nearly 500,000 Jews, many of whom were from outside of Poland.

•About 45,000 Jews died there in 1941 as a result of overcrowding, hard labor, lack of sanitation, starvation, and disease.

What do you imagine life was like in these

Ghettos?

Page 18: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

Jewish Ghettos (1939)

•Those Jews who did not die in the ghettos were ultimately transported to concentration camps .

•All ghettos were eventually destroyed.

A child dying in a Warsaw ghetto

Page 20: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

TO THE LITTLE POLISH BOY WITH HIS ARMS UP

Page 21: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

5TH STEP: DEPORTATIONS (1942-1945)

1.) Nazis round up Jews throughout Europe

• Transport them from ghettos and captured foreign territories to death camps in Eastern Europe.

Jews and inhabitants of the ghetto were then rounded up and shipped to death camps where they would eventually be put to death.

Page 22: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

DEPORTATIONS THROUGHOUT EUROPE (1942-1945)

Page 23: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

How does this image differ from the previous map that we examined?

Page 24: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

DEPORTATIONS THROUGHOUT EUROPE (1942-1945)

• As Hitler’s army conquered Europe, new rail lines were built to transport Jews from all over Europe to the established death camps.

What do you think is the difference between concentration camps and death camps?

Page 25: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

(6TH STEP: EXTERMINATIONFINAL SOLUTION 1942-1945)

1.) Final Solution: Adolph Hitler said on January 30, 1939, “This war will not end as the Jew imagines…the outcome of this War will be the extermination of all Jewish People.”

• Nazi officials move forward with a plan to kill all Jews in Europe

• Death camps built specifically for this purpose

Page 26: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

FINAL SOLUTION (1942-1945)

Page 27: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

“FINAL SOLUTION”• Hitler’s plan called the “Final

Solution” was a genocide plan to systematically kill an entire people.

• He tried to eliminate other groups he viewed as “subhuman.”• Roma (gypsies), Poles, Russians• the insane• the disabled• the incurably ill

• Why do you think Hitler wanted to eliminate these groups of people too?

Page 28: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

AT THE CONCENTRATION CAMP

• In 1942 the Germans built huge exterminations camps equipped with gas chambers that could kill as many as 6,000 people in a day.

• Committees of Nazi doctors separated the strong (mostly men) from the weak (women, children, and elderly). The weak went to their deaths in the gas chambers usually that day.

Page 30: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 31: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• The victims were told to undress and head into the gas chambers under the guise they were taking showers. Cyanide gas from Zyklon B granules came through the fake showerheads.

Page 32: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• The victims were told to undress and head into the gas chambers under the guise they were taking showers. Cyanide gas from Zyklon B granules came through the fake showerheads.

Page 33: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

ZYCLON B GRANULES

Gas Chamber at Auschwitz

Page 34: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 35: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 36: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

7TH STEP: LIBERATION (1944-1945)

• Allied troops liberate (free) approximately 300,000 Jews from the concentration and death camps.

What kind of culture do you think this genocide caused in the community of Jewish Survivors?

Page 39: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 41: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 42: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators
Page 43: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

RESULTS OF THE HOLOCAUST

1.) 6 million Jews died, about 5.7 million other individuals (homosexuals, gypsies, mentally disabled)

2.) Jewish Diaspora: In 1900, 81 percent of all the Jews in the world lived in Europe. Today, only a few sparse communities remain – the Jews have ceased to be a European people altogether.

Page 44: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

RESULTS CONTINUED3.) The Universal Declaration of Human

Rights was created in 1948, entitling all human beings to minimum rights, such as freedom from death, slavery and torture.

Page 45: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

ELIE WIESEL AT BUCHENWALD CONCENTRATION CAMP

Page 46: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

FOUND POEM PRACTICE:• “Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp,

which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky.Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever.Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.”

• -Elie Wiesel “Night”

Page 47: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• 40 million Europeans dead

• Hundreds of cities reduced to rubble

• Displaced persons from many nations were left homeless

• Countrysides were destroyed and farming become near impossible

• The transportation systems were destroyed, making it difficult for many citizens to gain access to food

• Famine and disease killed thousands

DEVASTATION IN EUROPE

Page 48: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

YALTA CONFERENCE • Feb. 1945

• Met in the Crimea

• Stalin. Roosevelt, Churchill – BIG THREE

• Discuss post war Europe

• Germany divided into 3 sections

• Russia will keep Poland

Page 49: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

POTSDAM CONFERENCE

• July 1945

• Truman, Atlee, Stalin

• Discussed atomic bomb, war criminals, and called for unconditional surrender of Japan

Page 50: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

DEVASTATION IN EUROPE

Page 51: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

Direct war costs Military killed/missing

Civilians killed

United States $288 billion 292,131 --

Great Britain $117 billion 272,311 60,595

France $111.3 billion 205,707 173,260

USSR $93 billion 13,600,000 7,720,000

Germany $212.3 billion 3,300,000 2,893,000

Japan $41.3 billion 1,140,429 953,000

COSTS OF WWII (P. 515)

Page 52: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• Italians, Germans and the French did not want to see a return of fascist governments

• Communist party membership skyrocketed temporarily but violence sponsored by the communists eventually caused a backlash and anti-communists governments were voted in

POSTWAR GOVERNMENTS & POLITICS

Page 53: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity

• Hermann Goring (commander of the Luftwaffe) received the death sentence but committed suicide before he could be executed

• Rudolf Hess (Hitler’s former deputy) was sentenced to life in prison

• The bodies of executed war criminals were cremated in the ovens at Dachau

THE NUREMBERG TRIALS

Page 54: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• The process of disbanding the Japanese armed forces to only a small police force

• Begun by Douglas MacArthur to ensure peace after he took charge of U.S. occupation of Japan

• MacArthur also put Japanese war criminals on trial• Hideki Tojo and 6 others

were condemned to hang

DEMILITARIZATION OF JAPAN

Page 55: HOLOCAUST The Holocaust: was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators

• The process of creating a fair government in Japan

• In 1946, MacArthur and his American political advisors drew up a constitution

• Japan became a Constitutional Monarchy similar to Great Britain.

DEMOCRATIZATION OF JAPAN

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