Hodge Hill_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Hodge Hill Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date May 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

PHIT - Hodge Hill.doc 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918


Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward

• Investigate into leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward and

• Suggest future area/ factors for extended research

This report is written by Birmingham Public Health Information Team, Suite 203, CIBA Building, 146, Hagley Road, Birmingham B16 9NX Author s Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Section Director Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

Any further Information

Telephone 0121 465 2995 / 2999 or

Email : [email protected]


Summary

• Electoral ward Hodge Hill is in the boundary of NHS Birmingham East and North

• Hodge Hill accounted for 2.47% of Birmingham’s population in 2006

• The age split of ward is made predominantly children and young people [0 -19] at 31.25%

• Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) group split (20.7%) is higher than national average (11.3%) overall but lower than Birmingham (32.7%). This group accounted for 0.49% of the total population of Birmingham in 2001

• Hodge Hill is the 16th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham

• The latest extraction of 2005/07 reflects that:

o Life expectancy is at 75.5 for men, 80 for women in the year 2005/07

o Male life expectancy has increased by 2.7%. The gap between Hodge Hill and England has widened by 100% (1.1 years) from 95/97 to 05/07.

o Female life expectancy has decreased by 0.24%. The gap between Hodge Hill and England has widened by 217% (2.3 year) from 95/97 to 05/07.

o Infant Mortality rate in 2005/2007 is now 17.62% higher than 1999 / 2001. The gap between the Lowest Quintile group and Hodge Hill has now widened by 79% from Hodge Hill being 1.9 per 1,000 better to 1.5 per 1,000 less.

o Circulatory diseases (31.98%), Cancers (31.36%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (17.44%) are the leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward.

• Relatively, compared against Birmingham; for risk factors such as alcohol, obesity and smoking Hodge Hill presents as follows:

o (5.7 percentage points) more smoke o (3.4 percentage points) less binge drink o (0.1 percentage points) fewer are obese


1 Local context: demographics and deprivation

This section describes population demographics and deprivation, and comparisons are made with Hodge Hill, Birmingham and England to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities.

1.1 Age and sex distribution The population of Hodge Hill is estimated to be 24,957. This represents 2.47% of the population of Birmingham. There are (12,169) 48.8% male and (12,788) 51.2% female. These estimations are based on ONS Mid. Year (2006)

Population By Age Group and Gender

2006 Estimates by Ward

Source: Office of National Statistics

1057

978

886

951

952

865

771

931

854

687

631

595

555

511

478

419

364

1103

994

924

905

882

846

754

942

821

710

584

659

507

473

374

317

212

1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Hodge Hill 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 31.25% (7,798) of the Hodge Hill population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 14.48% (3,613).

• The age structure of the ward shows that for the under 19s age group is 9.2 percentage points higher than the Birmingham average; equally the 65+ age group is higher than the city average by 3.8 percentage points.


1.2 Ethnicity Ethnicity has some influences in terms of what diseases an individual could develop through their life. With this in mind, analysis of the ethnicity of the local population becomes a requirement in order to target vulnerable health groups. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Hodge Hill population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column in table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column show the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, City and nationally.

• About a fifth (20.7%) of the population in Hodge Hill is of non-white ethnicity (i.e. Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) Group. Within the BME group, Pakistanis represents 10.9%, Indian 1.4% and Black Caribbean 3.7%.

• The proportion of BME (20.7%) is approx two thirds the proportion within Birmingham (32.7%), and doubles that of the average across England (11.3%).

• The white ethnicity (79.3) is higher than local levels but less than the national breakdown.

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Hodge Hill (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Hodge Hill Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 79.3 19.1 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 13.1 3.1 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 4.3 1.0 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 2.9 0.7 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 0.4 0.1 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 24.0 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

1.3 Deprivation According to Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Hodge Hill is the 16th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 35.281.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Hodge Hill is in the second, third and fourth most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. (ref: IMD map on following page)

Ward Area

Area (km2) Population Density

(persons/km2)

Population Density – Working Age 16-64 (persons/km

2)

5.677 4585 2892

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Hodge Hill by IMD quintile, 2007

1.4 Lifestyle

Table 1.2 provides a summary of life style indicators in Hodge Hill in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy life style behaviours from the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with Birmingham average, Hodge Hill has a lower percentage of people who binge drink (3.4 percentage points lower) and are obese (0.1 percentage points) but a higher proportion who smoke (5.7 percentage points higher)

• Compared with the national average, a smaller percentage of people living in Hodge Hill eat healthily (9.4 percentage point lower).

• Given the lower results of eating healthily, and its importance to a healthier lifestyle, this issue needs further investigation.

Table 1.2 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Hodge Hill, Birmingham and England

Year Hodge Hill Birmingham England

Adults who smoke 2003/5 30.6% 24.9% 24.1%

Binge drinking adults* 2003/ 2005 14.4% 17.8% 18.0%

Healthy eating adults** 2003/ 2005 16.7% 25.1% 26.3%

Obese adults*** 2003/ 2005 23.3% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more

units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre


2 Life expectancy trend

Life expectancy is one of the most important forecasters for health inequalities across the population; since there is evidence that people most need them do not have access to services. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in Hodge Hill, in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows trend of male expectancy in Hodge Hill from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England and shows evidence that male life expectancy has increased in Hodge Hill over the ten years since 1995. However, the expectancy is still below England and therefore requires investigation as to causes as this is not consistent with city or national trends.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Hodge Hill, Birmingham & England

68.0

69.0

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 00

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Hodge Hill M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Hodge Hill, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows trend of female expectancy from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England and shows that by 2007 female life expectancy is actually decreasing and presents a variable not stable. More strategies are needed to identify underlying causes of this issue.


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Hodge Hill, Birmingham & England

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 00

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Hodge Hill Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Hodge Hill, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

As illustrated in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, life expectancy for males in Hodge Hill has increased over the period of time. Life expectancy in Hodge Hill is lower than City and national average. The gap for male life expectancy has widened by 100%. The female gap has widened by 217%. In conclusion:

• Male life expectancy has increased by 2.7% (2.02 years, from 73.5 years in 2000 to 75.5 years in 2007).

• The gap of male life expectancy between Hodge Hill and England has widened by 1.1 year from 1.1 years in 1997 to 2.2 years in 2007, which means an increase of 100%.

• Female life expectancy has decreased by 0.24%% (0.2 years, from 80.2 years in 2000 to 80 years in 2007).

• The gap of female life expectancy between Hodge Hill and England has widened by 2.3 years from 0.5 years in 1997 to the benefit of the ward to 1.8 years adverse in 2007.


2.1 Infant mortality

In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births.

Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Hodge Hill, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999 to 2007.

Hodge Hill Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Years

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Hodge Hill

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Hodge Hill, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 05/07, the IMR in Hodge Hill is 60% more than England; whilst that in the most deprived quintile is about two folds more of England.

• From 99/01 to 05/07, the IMR in Hodge Hill has increased by 17.7%. Whilst in comparison Birmingham’s IMR has decreased.

• The gap between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Hodge Hill has increased by 79%

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 (at about 0.1 per year). The gap between Hodge Hill and England has increased from 4.4 to 6.4 (60%).


3 Local focus This section investigates into the leading causes of deaths locally.

3.1 Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated into in this part in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Hodge Hill.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardized mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005-2007. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. According to the figures, cancers, circulatory diseases, coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make more than 80.1% of the overall DSR; this figure is consistent with the Birmingham percentage, however the PCT percentages are 72% to 81.6%; therefore this wards percentages are in the higher bracket for each major cause.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardized Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Hodge Hill, 2005-2007

DSR % out of all causes

rate*

All Causes 704.33

All Cancers 220.94 31.36%

All Circulatory Diseases 225.23 31.98%

Coronary Heart Disease 122.85 17.44%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development

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Hodge Hill_LE_Ward_Profile