History of Marine Animal Populations

HMAP Executive CommitteeChair: Poul HolmTrinity Long Room Hub, Trinity College DublinAndrew A. RosenbergInstitute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space and Department of Natural Resources, University of New HampshireBrian R. MacKenzieNational Institute for Aquatic Resources, Department of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture, Technical University of Denmark,Anne H. MarboeDepartment of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, DenmarkBo Poulsen Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Denmark

Preliminary Synthesis Conclusions: Big conclusions Huge changes in marine life, regime shiftsHuman impact of ancient origin

Few species have become extinct through overfishingBut many species have become commercially extinct, some marine ecosystems have been depleted beyond recovery

Pristine nature is lost But we may hope to rebuild ecosystemsand historical baselines will inform us of potential

Preliminary Synthesis Conclusions: key patterns or trendsChanges are attributed to climatic and human forcesModelling and testing historical hypotheses are possibleHistorical patterns of resource exploitation are key to identifying what has actually been lost in the habitat An essential part of developing and implementing recovery plans for depleted marine ecosystems and ecosystem attributes

DistributionAtlantic and North Pacific right whalesText book assumptions on distribution and abundance have been correctedThe causes of failure of North Pacific right whale to recover numerically and spatially after severe depletion of the 1840s unknownNorth Atlantic range of TunaNorth Sea abundance revealedClimate or human exploitation?Global habitat changes2000 year trajectoriesDetailed studies of recoveries are needed

AbundanceNorthwest Atlantic: 1850s Cod Biomass Estimate on the Scotian Shelftotal removals 200,000 t per year1850s adult cod biomass estimate of 1.26 million t1990s annual biomass estimate of 50 000 t

Baltic cod: extension of time-series to 16th C

AbundanceNorth Sea herring 1600-2000fishing power of North Sea herring fishing vessels from the 16th 20th century measured as cpue of hoeker-units stock abundance ten times higher in the 1600s than in the 1950sby the 1800s it had dropped to 5060% of the level of the 1600sBo Poulsen, submitted

AbundanceReturns in yearly catch and money value per unit of capital, Denmark 1895-2000

Catch values relative to investments (V/C) declined steadily through 20th CFalling catch volumes relative to investments offset by industrial fisheries (fishmeal) by mid-20th C but stagnating / declining since 1980

Holm 2007Technology gainsEconomic gains

Diagram1

3991.7541295.37910883.5921148.4759491.07795.5478766.2675392.6510

3183.1015612.4148610.27451282.74416422.592107.9914731.583321.9643737.1455

6996.152751052.39516483.0421887.27426888.8765808.978217.2185481.1044804.469

8542.42752370.17311344.1911693.59719691.2791526.110510332.7841106.0293361.8025

17711.9223354.7416747.3674434.41744565.6184572.04112961.854645.3123815.053

15408400011369392016287125653316975610

23035268018796257415000155565375497729

31061499226766.86884620.757622789.9843447.7447761.5687306549

22038775231582.95444502.578421950.5841637.8328238.39215265248

27045.652825374.21236420.4322793.625612674.5442175.98413434.7361784.07210897

46805.620816980.259244779.36563207.18430148.243664.84814078.97613325396

50929.339250863.0463505.843169.4839785.1124458.99214928.872233923777

159122.28111840.251422.8081850.04831711.3044407.89623428.98417228904

333404.22492451.26461797.3282256.49629234.4163752.94431479.384816.7687222

4797981465759102011993697666073033624586682

931762713639533012053535859353900211896983

128067514584516798011723853763186314912805187

138752818724012546410222413310793972126871516

11536801997991444695818464100107662656646533

99392118234958043389925931068640106586385

137571021071047016441172765010566096376496

90654686165354921032869492013422550564903

1134342929023552920002000200016951420002000

Nordsen

Skagerrak

Kattegat

Sundet

Blthavet

stersen(vestlige del)

stersen(stlige del)

Ringkbing og Nissum fjorde

Limfjorden

r

Farvande i tons

Fangster mngdevis fordelt efter farvande

Diagram2

17986033842815531433411506193390

16745514614776515533411555503051

29046164813809555066214084683078

21275154724847492252016585182818

22925404608738511462316225602722

25775994863672513862715883102344

26335734799701472759413608401619

31876975368754493554313789861523

33017665511648528155514767881210

29717585233691389344912905841206

37189415345677373841314345541272

37389314923604302738414815491222

3698998424942427393541439562994

358913223808369271432514646751050

3199.5155624864691725425.51297.519801980

281017901164569736526113119851985

25921695111450471249194319901990

239813481119566123876086819951995

Nordsen

Skagerrak

Kattegat

Sundet

Blthavet

stersen(vestlige del)

stersen(stlige del)

Ringkbing og Nissum fjorde

Limfjorden

Antal fiskere fordelt efter farvande

Diagram3

15.82783176312.2117459095

11.76304053582.1393981501

5.2883321120.8337205008

3.59108820371

4.02033676611.1564788978

0.44096892490.7768004701

0.76873497550.8947984579

4.09954626171.8115556998

3.22386495270.7486948627

6.03976457870.925665421

4.34461176251.2580663405

4.61008988180.8548851981

6.30533150550.9113094358

5.49121906420.729050115

7.27712175210.894288281

8.79247662310.7050061662

8.76542199180.5181681557

1980

11.98185448890.8190963873

8.93667926140.5890262614

16.41417356990.6310865957

11.6983529798

Returns in total catch per unit of capital

Returns in value per unit of capital

Diagram4

0.98452596341.26866822175.23236907131.36110520092.44708896821.54611111111.2496839072.3680027068

0.64119058150.87478016514.71248857681.19500702953.52058565892.02346760071.58335213711.813318949

1.02367936351.06118939350.69860518860.77926975850.76379055940.97850545760.66383050351.5391551585

11111111

2.14444444444.02535211270.81589643231.52137468570.96130141890.97664543520.91024930751.1103863522

0.63398857533.00941176470.56466060181.21179537310.84248565680.61356565031.03294046540.8044563965

1.47982928563.67201426020.55948553050.75562283740.83142609870.8833634720.73744818060.8795423957

2.7126426126.42618741981.26200391961.28630460451.72407857432.02861815211.5269882661.5256410256

1.22045380352.03347280330.46390345130.99397590360.63863569544.66666666670.67958030670.5843007186

1.06235820324.41391721660.6046742420.99887450760.79310950960.77167019031.17595978060.6960885229

1.74780535691.90146231720.66147281920.94928335171.11249219241.0626050421.86285714291.2527370137

0.84146770182.91926345610.41796796150.81571194760.75682224870.8454600121.6085025980.9231852315

1.30694601084.07379283490.38950764270.36158641730.63960286020.62108922361.11469282880.4456352023

0.98746747421.00606327630.33636971360.30346149960.63064171340.57791181961.23754954070.3877864211

1.33526710991.39047619050.46507062640.27079984690.53220736390.7213821071.01902577020.3189279036

1.16204600070.34329590950.35829229970.20998326830.48809416660.61481221070.66615847540.315774577

0.67229633340.33488837880.36740432410.17664468390.3777238940.46606509830.7841989210.2013154221

19751975197519751975197519751975

0.95827947240.53325281780.82011096010.22471232121.079943297519801.01734215391980

0.61361331660.46953333340.54077708390.17889743220.596980850819850.82820142951985

0.69056418960.44328936810.4655016680.24346340220.960732391319900.92555348241990

19951995199519951995199519951995

Nordsen

Skagerrak

Kattegat

Sundet

Blthavet

stersen(vestlige del)

stersen(stlige del)

Limfjorden

Vrdiudbytteefter fangstomrde

tonsfangst

Fangst, 1000 kg (+ beregnet sild og andre fisk)

NordsenSkagerrakKattegatSundetBlthavetstersen(vestlige del)stersen(stlige del)Ringkbing og Nissum fjordeLimfjordenAndre farvandeDel af fangsten landet i britiske havneDel af fangsten landet i andre udenlandske havnetotal

18880074631702195667460600000036376

18900010535699694956964270000032784

1895399212951088411489491968766393000036065

1900318361286101283164231084732322373700039010

190569961052164831887268898098217481480400067620

191085422370113441694196911526103331106336200059968

1915177123355167474434445664572129626453815000108808

19201540840001136939201628712565331697561000063878

19252303526801879625741500015556537549772903972078456

193031061499226766.86884620.757622789.9843447.7447761.5687306549046200127134.9224

193522038775231582.95444502.578421950.5841637.8328238.39215265248045780103296.5408

194027045.652825374.21236420.4322793.625612674.5442175.98413434.7361784.07210897000144007.2584

194546805.620816980.259244779.36563207.18430148.243664.84814078.976133253960185360166395.4936

195050929.339250863.0463505.843169.4839785.1124458.99214928.872233923777789380530261639.6752

1955159122.28111840.251422.8081850.04831711.3044407.89623428.9841722890407780358394409.52

1960333404.22492451.26461797.3282256.49629234.4163752.94431479.384816.76872220800340562414.824

1965479798146575910201199369766607303362458668202884841801651

19709317627136395330120535358593539002118969837371129622061188864

197512806