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Some other results provided by historical studies:(1) Newly identified stockpiles of bridging equipment had been present for years so they

did no t represent a sudden change in Soviet practices, subduing rumors of impendinghostilities.(2) A motorized rifle regiment in the Leningrad Military District was trained in airmobile tact ics, allowing for more mobility than was previously expected. Previous coveragesshowed this capability to be common throughout the district.(3) Collateral information showed that previously unidentified storage bunkers could beused to protect reserve grain from nuclear fal lout as a civil defense measure. Reexaminationof previous KH-9 coverages identified some 30 more bunkers, provided approximate dates ofconstruction, and so allowed analysts to speculate what national events prompted the con

struction of the storage bunkers.

4.3 MC&G Collection SummaryThe criteria for evaluating KH-9 imagery collection against MC&G requirements arecontained in Table 4-9. One of the more significant parameters is the gross cloud-free squarenautical miles returned by missions against validated MC&G requirements. Cloud-freeassessment reports are generated on World Area Grid (WAG) cell (12 x 18 square nauticalmiles) and WAG subcell (3 x 3 square nautical miles) basis. Even though the information onindividual cloud-free subcells is available,the size of the area reported is smaller than theminimum area required. Satellite image resolution requirements for MC&G purposes varywith the scale and type of the product. The most stringent requirements for ground resolutionto meet image content needs of milit ary MC&G products is 2 feet for 1:50,000 line mapsand for DLMS Level II digital culture and terrain data. This is more important for th e panoramic imagery than for the stellar terrain imagery. The KH-9 panoramic imagery taken ataltitudes of 82-132 nautical miles (the range of altitudes for missions 1201 through 1212)meets and in many cases exceeds the MC&G requirements for ground resolution distance(GRD) or NIIRS. _Similarly, KH-9 MCS frame imagery taken at 84-156 nautical miles (therange of altitudes for MCS operations on missions 1205 through 1212) will, for certainproducts, provide the required GRD. The remainder of this section presents' coveragesatisfaction statistics for the panoramic and stellar terrain camera systems in terms ofcloud-free imagery.4.3.1 Panoramic Collection Summaries for MC&G '

The current USIB-approved KH-9 panoramic imagery requirements are for 22.4 millionsquare nautical miles, shown in Table 3-1. Current satisfaction levels against these requirements are shown in Table 4-10. This table is based primarily on the actual KH-9 collectionand excludes the Sino-Soviet area an d most of the important search or point target areas inthe Middle East, for which MC&G requirements are generally met.

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'First Time(FY,'72-71).R e ~ ~ ~ e r a g e 13.5

, . FY'72-78)Subtotal 20.3

'1.41 I n c l u d e ~ K H __ 4 c ~ v e r a g e ot2.1. a r e nautical ';iles c o l l e c t ~ d Fy'1912. This figure includes 0.5 ., millioo square n a u t i ~ a l milesdf,.first- .time. cpv.erage a n d ..1.6 million square nautical miles :'of r e c o v ~ ~ a g e . '

4.3.3 ExploitationAn overview of the DMA production process is portrayed in Figure 4-18. These processesare built on the assumption of the continued availability of both panoramic (wide areacoverage) and frame imagery (high metric accuracy) as basic input. The output is a complete spectrum of DMA products, many of which are currently in a digital form. Advances inautocartography, for example, have made possible the extraction of mapping data from filmimagery in digital form, and the subsequent generation of maps and charts from this digital

data base. Proven reductions in project pipeline time and consequent cost savings have ledto an increasing use of autocartography in DMA mapping activities; this trend is confidentlypredicted to continue. Similarly, requirements for MC&G products to support cruise missile

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V:l FIGURE 4-16a FIRST TIME MClG PAN COVERAGE'l'l AND FILM USED FORKH-9 MISSIONS 1201-1212

1.6.61.4 .....4

....t..., . ....

.....a::E

.....ct Z 1.2 1.2 o..., ..... c Cca: " , '"" " z'+..... 1.0 1.0 ~ ~ -I o :E::::) 0", .... 0'0 8 -: :.8 . ..... I C/) en .... .....(b CD C"J .... oC').., a..; .6(b o z6 ...,'"+ enI

.44.2 .2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8KH-9 MISSION .NUMBER

9 10 11 12Legend

- . - - Film UsedTotal Pan Coverage- -.,- First Pan Coverage

-Io'0C/)(bC')..,(br+

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STATUS .DF MILITARV"ANDCIVILMCSlGMCSCOVERAGE

I ____ ~ ~ - - ~ - - - L - - - - ~ - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - ~ ~ ~ - - ~ ~ - - - L - - - - - - -U S I B - ~ p p r o v e d .

RequirementsTotal Requirements

DMAWAG Cell AreaCollected by End of

of Dec 1976.(Msns 120.5-1212)4

Balance-CurrentRequirement

10..4 . '5:4 8:8 5.7 1

~ . 6 1.0.

USIB-approved r.equirementexcludes1.2 million' snm of .theH.S :,"'.;