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2/13/2015 1 Fluorescent in situ hybridization for chromosomal translocation Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis:  Red and white marrow

Hematopoietic lecture ppt 2015 - Bloomington Campusmedsci.indiana.edu/c602web/602/c602web/docs/heme... · Figure 15‐25 Figure 11‐10 Microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2/13/2015 7

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Page 1: Hematopoietic lecture ppt 2015 - Bloomington Campusmedsci.indiana.edu/c602web/602/c602web/docs/heme... · Figure 15‐25 Figure 11‐10 Microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2/13/2015 7

2/13/2015

1

Fluorescent in situ hybridization for chromosomal translocation 

HematopoiesisHematopoiesis:  Red and white marrow

Page 2: Hematopoietic lecture ppt 2015 - Bloomington Campusmedsci.indiana.edu/c602web/602/c602web/docs/heme... · Figure 15‐25 Figure 11‐10 Microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2/13/2015 7

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Bone marrow aspirate and core biopsy

Gartner, Color Textbook of Histology, 3rd Edition

reticulocytes elliptocytes schistocytes

spheroctyes target cells acanthocytes

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Basophilic stippling Howell Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies

Ribosomal RNALead

ThalassemiaMyelodysplasia

DNA remnant,splenectomy

Inorganic iron granules,iron stain

Rouleaux

Paraproteinemia

Anemias classified by MCV

Hereditary spherocytosis

Figure 11‐1

Figure 11‐2

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Osmotic fragility test

Normal

Spherocytes

Sickle cell disease

Hemoglobin electrophoresis Hemoglobin electrophoresis

AdultFetal Hb SHb C

1 = Control2 = Hb A3 = HBA and Hb F4 = Hb S disease

5 = Control6 = Hb S and Hb A trait7 = HB S and Hb C8 = Hb S and Hb A trait

Hemoglobin High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Hemoglobin HPLCHemoglobin electrophoresesβ‐globin mutations in β‐thalassemias

Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Anopheles mosquito

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Hephaestus captures Aphrodite and Ares 

Figure 11‐9

Iron regulation

Bone marrow iron stains Hepatic hemochromatosis

Figure 15‐25

Figure 11‐10

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Page 7: Hematopoietic lecture ppt 2015 - Bloomington Campusmedsci.indiana.edu/c602web/602/c602web/docs/heme... · Figure 15‐25 Figure 11‐10 Microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2/13/2015 7

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Sideroblastic anemia

EtOH

Pyroxidine (B6)deficiencywith Isoniazid use

Myelodysplasia

Mitochondrial ironin erythroid precursors

Marrow megaloblasts

Giantmetamyelocytes

Hyperlobatedneutrophils

Megaloblastic anemia

Aplastic anemia

Myelophthisic marrow,metastatic carcinoma

Peripheral bloodLeukoerythroblastosis

Epstein Barr Virus

MonospotHeterophile antibody test

Hodgkin lymphomaBurkitt lymphomaNasopharyngeal

carcinoma

Epstein‐Barr VirusNormal Lymph Node

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Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis

Follicular hyperplasia Paracortical hyperplasia Sinus histiocytosis

Bartonella henselae

Stellate necrotizinggranulomata

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CD5+, CD19+, CD20+, CD23‐

Kappa light chain restricted

Cyclin D1 positive

t(11;14)

CD5 ‐, CD19 +, CD20+, CD23‐

Kappa/lambda light chain 2:1

Cyclin D1 negative

Negative for t(11;14)

Mantle cell lymphomaReactive lymph node

2 light chains + 2 heavy chains → Immunoglobulin(cell surface antigen receptor or secreted Ig)

Heavy chain protein production

Light chain protein production

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Monoclonal IgG kappa →

PCR assay for clonality:VDJ gene rearrangement

PCR assay of VDJ gene rearrangement Fluorescent in situ hybridization for chromosomal translocation 

Most lymphomas resemble some stage of B or T cell differentiation

Figure 11‐13

B cell germinal center somatic hypermutation

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ALL:  Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

Smudge cells Diffuse nodal effacement Nodular marrow involvement

Follicular lymphomat(14;18) BCL2/IgH

BCL2 follicular lymphoma

BCL2 normal memory cells

Mantle cell lymphomat(11;14) cyclin D1 overexpression

Cyclin D1 stain

Lymphomatoid polyposis

Figure 11‐17

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

BCL6CD19, CD20, CD10

Burkitt lymphoma

t(8;14)t(2;8)t(8;22)

Starry sky pattern

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Multiple Myeloma

Rouleaux formation Renal tubular protein casts

Lytic lesionsAtypical plasma cells,

Mott cell

Henry Bence Jones

Prof Jan Waldenström at New York Hospital, Cornell University, New York, NY, 1963.

Left: Before plasmapheresis optic disc edema (arrowheads), central retinal hemorrhages (bold arrows), and venous “sausaging” (thin arrows) were observed. Right: After plasmapheresis disc edema and retinal hemorrhages improved. Venous sausaging disappeared.

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

Waldenström MacroglobulinemiaHyperviscosity Syndrome

Hodgkin lymphoma

Reed Sternberg cell

Figure 11‐23Figure 11‐20

Thomas Hodgkin

Hodgkin lymphoma,nodular sclerosis subtype

Nodular sclerosing pattern Lacunar cell

Figure 11‐22 Figure 11‐21

Extranodal marginal zone lymphomaNormal splenic marginal zone Gastric MALToma

Hairy cell leukemia

TRAP positive(outdated test)

Splenomegaly

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Mycosis FungoidesCutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma

Pautrier microabscess(Lymphocyte epidermotropism)

Sezary syndrome(exfoliative erythroderma)

Circulating Sezary cells

Myelodysplasia

Abnormal erythroblasts Ring sideroblasts (iron stain)

Hypolobated, hypogranulated neutrophils

Abnormal megakaryocytes

Figure 11‐25

Acute myelogenous leukemias

Auer rods

ALL AML

Acute Promyelocytic LeukemiaFAB M3

Acute Myelomonocytic LeukemiaFAB M4

Gingival infiltration

Figure 11‐26

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Splenomegaly

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Erythromelalgia

Splenomegaly

Myelofibrosis

Dacryocytes (teardrops   ), nucleated red cells (            )  Marrow fibrosis

Essential thrombocythemia

Peripheral blood with thrombosis, giant platelets Marrow with increased megakaryocytes

Langerhans cell is a type of dermal dendritic cell

Birbeck granuleCD1a

HemostasisBetween Scylla and Charybdis

Figure 3‐7

Primary hemostasis

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Secondary hemostasis

Figure 3‐8

Figure 3‐5

Platelet plug Coagulation clot

Figure 3‐6

Antithrombotic mechanisms

Figure 3‐11

Fibrinolytic system

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Platelet function analyzer Platelet aggregation studies

http://www.platelet‐research.org/3/pfa.htm

Russell venom viper testfor lupus anticoagulant

Reptilase testfor heparin 

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura

SchistocytesHyaline thrombi

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

E. Coli O157:H7

Von Willebrandmultimer analysis

vWF functionFigure 11‐29

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Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

Figure 11‐28

St. George and the dragon