Heineman Complete Test One

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    Section1

    ListeningComprehension

    r

    this sectionof thetest,youwillhaveanopportunitytodemnstrate your abilitytounderstand

    zonversationsand

    talks

    in English.

    There

    are three parts to this section, with special directions for

    each

    part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in

    this

    test. Donottakenotesor write in your test book at any time. Do

    not

    turn the pagesuntilyou are

    toldto do so.

    Part

    A

    Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations

    betweentwo

    people.Aftereach

    conversation, you

    willhear

    a

    question about

    the

    conversation.

    The

    conversations

    and

    questions

    will not be repeated.Afteryou hear a question, read thefourpossible answers in your test book

    and choose thebestanswer. Then, on your answersheet,find the number of the question andfillin

    the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

    Hereis an example.

    On the recording, you hear:

    Inyourtestbook,youread:

    Sample

    Answer

    (A) Atlastwinter is almost over.

    (B)

    Shedoesn't

    like

    winter weather

    verymuch.

    (C) Thiswinter'sweather

    is

    similar

    tolast

    winter's

    weather.

    (D)

    Winterwon't last as

    long

    this

    year

    as it did lastyear.

    Youlearnfromthe conversation that the woman thinks the weather this winter is almost the same

    as the weather last winter. The best answer to the question "What does the woman mean?" is (C),

    "This winter's weather is similar to last winter's weather."

    Therefore,

    thecorrectchoice is (C).

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    1.(A) Shedoesn't

    understand

    the

    instructions.

    (B)

    She

    lost

    the

    instructions

    she

    was

    reading.

    (C) Shedoesn't

    want

    tofollowthe

    directions.

    (D)

    She

    thinks

    she and her friendare

    lost.

    2. (A) He

    will

    completehispaper this

    month.

    (B) Theminehasbeen closedfor amonth.

    (C) Itistakinghim along

    time

    to

    write

    his

    paper.

    (D) He canhelpthewomanin a

    littlewhile.

    3. (A) Ashtrays

    aren't

    allowed here.

    (B) There

    aren't

    any

    cigarettes here.

    (C) Shecan'tsee

    verywell.

    (D)

    Smoking probablyisn'tpermitted

    here.

    4. (A) She'lltakeherworkwithher on

    vacation.

    (B) She and the man

    will ha

    ve a

    good time

    on vacation.

    (C)

    She

    won't have time

    for a

    vacation.

    (D) She

    thinks

    she canfinishher

    work

    on

    time.

    5.

    (A) He'd

    like

    a larger piece this time.

    (B) He

    doesn'twant

    any

    more.

    (C) Hisfirst

    piece

    was too

    large.

    (D)

    He'd like

    some

    more

    in a

    little while.

    6.

    (A) Shethinkshemightbelatetowork.

    (B)

    His incomeisn't

    high

    enough.

    (C)

    She

    isn't

    sure

    he'll

    come

    to

    work today.

    (D )

    She'dlike

    totalkto

    him, too.

    7. (A) She has

    never seen such

    a

    long

    concert.

    (B) She

    enjoyed

    the

    concert very much.

    (C) She'll

    take

    the man along.

    (D) Shedidn't likethe

    last

    song.

    8. (A) It is not a bad

    idea

    to

    telephone

    the college.

    (B) Shewillcali thecollegefor theman.

    (C)

    Her

    eyes

    hurt,

    so she

    cannot

    see

    very well.

    (D)

    She will give the

    man's

    application to

    her

    colleagues.

    9

    (A) Gas

    station attendant.

    (B)

    Housekeeper.

    (C )

    Bankteller.

    (D) Flight attendant.

    10.

    (A) Ask

    someone

    to

    help

    him

    with

    his

    computen

    (B)

    Read the

    instructions

    for

    setting

    up his

    computer.

    (C) Try totakehiscomputer apartby

    himself.

    (D)

    Use hiscomputertohelphim set up

    his mathproject.

    11. (A) She's

    trying

    to tie the

    bow.

    (B)

    She

    willcali

    the man as

    soon

    as

    possible.

    (C) She is

    talking

    on the

    phone.

    (D) She

    hasn't

    gone home yet.

    12.

    (A) The

    woman

    didn't

    want

    to

    deliver

    the

    invita

    tion.

    (B) Thewomanwouldbegoneon

    Saturday.

    (C)

    Thewoman would takethe man

    to

    dinner.

    (D ) He

    needed

    to

    take

    theinvitationto

    the woman.

    13. (A) Susan only has three glasses.

    (B) Susan knows aboutherthird class.

    (C) He

    missed

    a

    class because

    of

    Susan.

    (D)

    Susan

    didn't

    attend

    one

    class.

    14. (A) She'd likethe man topourher a

    glass

    of

    water.

    (B)

    It

    stopped raining three days ago.

    (C ) Itprobably won't rainagainfor a

    fe w

    days.

    (D) The

    garden

    doesn't

    need

    any

    more

    water.

    15. (A) He's looking

    forward

    toworking

    with

    Fred.

    (B) Theyneedtohandlethe

    photographs

    carefully.

    (C ) Fred

    shouldbetreated likea

    professional.

    (D)

    Theirproject will

    be the

    best.

    Go on to the nextpage

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    Part

    B

    Directions Inthis partof thetest,yo uwillhear longer conversations.

    After

    each conversation,

    you will hear several questions.Theconversationsandquestions willnot berepeated.

    Afteryou hear aquestion,read thefourpossible answers in your test book and choose the best

    answer.Then,

    on

    your answer sheet,find

    the

    number

    of the

    question

    and fillin the

    space

    that

    corresponds to the letter of the answer you

    have

    chosen.

    Remember,

    you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

    342 Complete

    Practice Test

    One

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    TI [

    1

    1. (A) The mantoldher.

    (B)

    She

    received

    acali.

    (C)

    She

    read about

    it.

    (D)

    She

    organized

    the

    meeting.

    She

    likes

    to

    workhard.

    She

    doesn't have

    a job and can

    afford

    the time.

    (C) Sheagrees thattheHeart Association

    is aworthy organization.

    (D)

    Shelikestodance.

    Shewill

    sellrafile

    tickets.

    Shewill ask her aunt to give a

    big

    prize.

    (C)

    She

    will

    go to

    Florida f

    or

    spring break.

    (D)

    She

    will work

    f

    or the

    travel agency.

    He'd liketo

    enjoy

    some good weather.

    He hasalways wantedtof lyan

    airplane.

    (C) He

    will have time

    offafter the

    winter

    season.

    (D) Dancing takestoomuch energy.

    35. (A) She wastakingamath test.

    (B)

    She had to

    fu l

    out a

    survey

    after

    her

    class.

    (C)

    She was

    questioning

    some

    of the

    ideas

    presented in Professor Keene's

    lecture.

    (D) She was

    correcting quizzes

    for

    Professor

    Keene.

    36. (A) It has

    littleeffect

    on

    shaping

    a

    person's

    outlookon life.

    (B) In the

    early years,

    toomanyfailures

    mayproduce

    a

    pessimist.

    (C ) Apessimist usually doesn't take

    advantage

    of

    lifeexperiences.

    (D) The environment is unusually cruel

    to

    pessimists.

    37.

    (A) Optimistsusetheir consciencesto

    their advantage.

    (B) Pessimists haveagood relationship

    with their consciences.

    (C)

    The

    conscience

    playsa

    minor role

    in

    shapingone'soutlook.

    (D) Pessimistsfollowthedictatesof

    conscience, even though they might

    not want to.

    Go on to the nextpage

    CompletePractice Test

    One 343

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    1

    PartC

    Dl rections:

    In

    thispart

    of the

    test,

    you

    will hearseveralshort

    talks.After

    eachtalk,

    you

    willhear

    some

    questions.

    The

    talks

    and the

    questions will

    not be

    repeated.

    After

    you hear a question, read the

    four

    possible

    answers

    in your test book and choose the best

    answer.Then,onyour answer sheet,findthenumberof thequestionand fillin thespace that

    corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

    Hereis anexample.

    On

    the

    recording,

    you

    hear:

    Now

    listen

    to a

    sample question. Sample Answer

    In

    your test book,

    you

    read:

    (A)Only

    bumblebees

    can

    fertilize

    red

    clover plants.

    (B )Bumblebees protectred

    clover from

    plant-eating

    insects.

    (C)

    Bumblebees

    bring

    water

    to red

    clover

    plantsontheir tongues.

    (D)Bumblebees keep

    mice

    and other

    animis

    a

    way

    from

    redclover plants.

    The

    best answerto thequestion "Whyis itimpossibletoraiseredclover where thereare no

    bumblebees?" is (A), "Only bumblebees can fertilize red clover

    plants."

    Therefore, the correct

    choiceis(A).

    Now

    listento anothersample question. Sample Answer

    Inyour test book,youread: (A)

    They

    both makehoney.

    (B)

    They both

    build combs.

    (C)

    Both

    ofthemare found

    in underground nests.

    (D)

    They both live through the winter.

    Thebest answer

    to the

    question

    "According to the

    speaker,

    in

    what

    way are the

    queen wasp

    and

    the

    queen

    bee

    similar?"

    is

    (D), "They both live through

    thewinter."

    Therefore,

    the

    correct choice

    is

    (D).

    Remember,

    you are not

    allowed

    to

    take notes

    or

    write

    in

    your test book.

    344 CompletePractice TestOne

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    1

    48. (A)

    Children's personalities

    arefixedby

    birth

    order

    and

    nothing

    can be

    done

    about

    it.

    (B)

    With

    sensitive parenting, parents

    can

    take

    stepstoreducethe

    effects

    of

    birth order.

    (C) Ifparents continuto payattention to

    the middlechild,he or shewillbe

    more flexible.

    (D)

    Oldest children

    wouldbe

    more

    sociableif

    they

    were

    given more

    independence.

    49. (A)

    Older

    andyounger children tendto

    fight

    with each other more

    often

    than with

    the

    middle child.

    (B)

    The

    middle child gets better quality

    attention

    and

    more

    lovefromthe

    parents.

    (C)

    Middle children

    areless

    dependent

    on

    theirparents'approvalthanthe

    oldest child

    but

    free from

    the

    pressure

    ofbeingthe

    youngest.

    (D)

    Middle children are brighter, more

    capable, more

    serious-mindedand

    moreflexiblethan their

    siblings.

    50.

    (A)

    First-born children

    are

    under

    alotof

    pressureto

    compete

    successfully

    since

    they

    are so

    outnumbered.

    (B) First-born children have

    to

    dominate

    their younger

    siblingsorelseface

    being

    overwhelmed

    by them.

    (C) First-born children

    are

    brighter

    and

    more capable; therefore, they

    don'thavetoworry about being

    outnumbered.

    (D) In

    spite

    of

    this statistic,

    a

    large

    percentageof

    high achievers

    are

    first-born

    children.

    This

    is the end ofSection 1.

    Stop

    work

    on

    Section

    1

    STOP|

    |

    Do NOT

    read

    or work on any othersectionof the test

    The supervisor will

    tell

    youwhentobeginworkon Section 2

    34

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    Section 2

    Structure

    and

    Written Expression

    Time:

    25

    minutes

    This sectionisdesignedtomeasure your abilityto recognizelanguage thatisappropriatefor

    standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions

    foreach

    type.

    Structure

    Directions:

    Questions

    1-15

    are

    incompletesentences.Beneath each sentence

    you will seefour

    wordsorphrases, marked (A), (B), (C),and(D).

    Choose

    the onewordorphrase that best

    completes

    thesentence. Then,onyour answer sheet,findthenumberof thequestionand fillin the

    spacethat correspondsto theletterof theansweryouhave chosen.Fillin thespacesothatthe

    letter

    insidethe

    oval cannot

    be seen.

    Example

    I

    Sample Answer

    MostAmerican

    families

    ---------- atleastoneautomobile.

    (A ) have

    (B) in

    (C) that

    (D ) has

    The

    sentence

    should

    read, "Most American families have

    at

    least

    one

    automobile." Therefore,

    you

    should choose

    (A).

    ExampleII Sample Answer

    ----------

    recent times,

    the

    discipline

    of

    biology

    has

    expanded rapidly intoavarietyofsubdisciplines.

    (A) Itissince

    (B) When

    (C) Sinceit is

    (D)

    In

    Thesentence should read,"Inrecent times,thedisciplineofbiologyhasexpanded rapidly intoa

    variety ofsubdisciplines."

    Therefore,

    youshould choose (D).

    Now begin work on the questions.

    Go on to the next

    page

    Complete Pract ice

    Test

    One 347

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    1. uptoseven

    months.

    (A) Lasting

    New

    England

    winters

    (B)

    New

    England winters

    can last

    (C) Because

    a New

    England winter

    can

    last

    (D) Thelengthof a NewEngland winter

    2. discussion

    ofgroup personality

    would becomplete withoutaconsideration

    ofnational

    character.

    (A )

    None

    (B)

    Not

    (C )

    No

    (D) Nothing

    3. The Virginia strawberry, native to eastern

    NorthAmerica,was used in pre-colonial

    times

    .

    (A ) toflavor

    bread

    (B)

    bread flavoring

    (C)

    flavoredbread

    (D )

    bread

    was flavored

    4.There is

    evidence

    to

    suggest

    that,at

    certain

    times of

    the

    year, smog in the Arctic is

    thicker

    anywhere else on earth.

    (A) ofsmog

    (B)

    that smog

    (C)

    smog

    (D) than smog

    5.StudsTurkelhasused whathelearned

    to

    produce taped

    oral

    histories

    of

    peopleandevents.

    A) when was he a radiotalkshow host

    (B)

    he was a

    radio talk show host when

    (C)

    when

    he was a

    radio talk show host

    (D) a radio talk show host when he was

    6.

    haveapowerfulinfluence on the

    shape

    of the

    entire magazine industry.

    (A )

    That

    economic

    principies

    (B)

    Why

    economic principies

    (C) Economic principies

    (D)

    Economic principies that

    7.

    Accordingtosome records,

    Cari

    Sandburg,

    ,

    wasexpelledfrom

    West

    Point

    Military

    Academy

    because

    of

    deficiencies

    in English.

    (A ) he was a

    poet

    and

    literary genius

    (B)

    his

    poetry

    and

    literary genius

    (C) poet and literary genius

    (D )

    whose poetry and literary genius

    8. twoand onehalf

    hours

    to

    climb

    to

    the top of the Empire State Building.

    (A ) Typically taking

    it

    (B)

    Typically takes

    it

    (C)

    It

    typically takes

    (D)

    Totakeittypically

    9. Thecommoncrow, one of the

    hardiest birds in existence, can

    live

    up to

    eighty years.

    (A)

    is

    considered

    (B) considered it

    (C )

    has been considered

    (D)

    considered

    10.

    High

    and low

    atmospheric pressure

    systems

    are

    cause changing

    weather patterns.

    (A ) the

    (B)

    whose

    (C)

    which

    (D ) what

    11. asizable geographic rea, it

    constitutesa biome.

    (A )

    That

    a

    group

    of

    plants

    and

    animis

    occupies

    (B)

    A

    group

    of

    plants

    and

    animis

    occupying

    (C)

    A

    group

    of

    plants

    and

    animis

    occupies

    (D ) When

    a

    group

    of

    plants

    and

    animis

    occupies

    Go

    on to the next

    page

    348 Comolete Practice

    Test

    One

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    12.Dueprimary to , the Oneida

    Communitybrokeup in 1880.

    (A) interna

    stresses

    (B)

    there

    were

    internal stresses

    (C)

    internal stresses

    of it

    (D)

    it hadinternal stresses

    13.Startingin1972, lightningfiresin

    YellowstoneNationalPark to take

    their

    natural course unless they threatened

    park facilities.

    (A ) they allowed

    (B) allowing

    (C) allow

    (D) were allowed

    14.

    Small

    microcomputersoftodaycanprocess

    theirpredecessors,

    which

    were

    twentytimes their size.

    (A)

    in the

    same arnount

    of

    information

    (B)

    andhavethesame amountof

    information

    (C) the information is the same as

    (D) thesame amountofinformationas

    15. Bydecliningtorunforpresidential

    reelection

    in1808,

    ThomasJefferson

    the

    two-term

    tradition

    still

    followed,with

    but a fewexceptions,to thepresent day.

    (A )

    tohelpestablish

    (B)

    helped

    the

    establishment

    (C)

    helped

    to

    establish

    (D)

    in

    helping

    to

    establish

    Written

    Expression

    Directions: Inquestions16-40each sentencehas

    four

    underlined wordsorphrases.The four

    underlinedpartsof thesentenceare marked(A),(B), (C), and (D). Identify the oneunderlined

    word

    or

    phrase that must

    be

    changed

    in

    order

    for the

    sentence

    to be

    correct. Then,

    on

    your answer

    sheet,find

    the

    number

    of the

    question

    and fu lin the

    space that corresponds

    to the

    letter

    of the

    answer

    you

    have chosen.

    Example

    I

    The

    octopusis aunique animal because

    they

    A B

    ~

    hasthree

    functioning

    hearts.

    D

    Sample

    Answer

    C ~ T)

    fe

    OT)

    Thesentence should read, "The octopusis aunique animal becauseit hasthree functioning

    hearts."Therefore,youshould choose (C).

    SampleAnswerxampleI I

    The

    beagle,

    one of the

    most ancient breeds

    of

    A B

    dog

    known, originating

    inEngland.

    C D

    Thesentence should read, "The beagle,one of themost ancient breedsof dogknown,originatedin

    England." Therefore, you should choose

    (D).

    Nowbeginwork on the questions.

    o on to the

    next

    page

    Complete Practice

    Test

    One 349

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    16.Geothermalenergy,forexampletheheat fromactvatevolcanoesandgeysers,can beturned into

    A

    B D

    electricity.

    17. Serious research is

    currently

    being undertook to determinewhetheror not bee venom mayhelp

    A

    B

    C

    protect humans

    from

    thediscomfort ofarthritis.

    D

    18.

    TheMassachusetts

    Institute

    of

    Technology

    is anuniversity

    known

    for itsprogramsin the

    sciences,

    ~A~ B

    but

    italso

    offers

    students awell-roundedbackground in the

    humanities.

    C D

    19.

    The

    short wave lengths

    of

    ultraviolet light produce luminescence

    in the

    crystalize

    of

    some minerals.

    A

    ~B C D

    20. Onetraditional

    American

    quilting style

    makes

    use of apatternsof

    interlocking circles

    tosignifythe

    A B

    C

    D

    unin

    of

    twopeople

    inmarriage.

    21.

    Although they ha

    vefoundout a

    great deal about

    its

    atmosphere, scientists still

    know

    very little

    A B ~ ~ C ~

    around variations in the moon's gravitational

    field.

    D

    22. For the

    presdent

    of theUnited States, wisely chooses cabinet membersshortly

    after

    electionday is

    A

    B

    C

    crucial

    to a

    successful

    term

    in

    office.

    D

    23. In general, banks are heavily regulated than are brokerage houses and otherfinancial institutions.

    A B C D

    24. The

    benefits

    to be

    ganing from

    daily

    exercise

    and

    proper

    dietareindisputable.

    A B ~C

    D

    25. Small,

    privately owned ranches become

    lessandless

    common

    duringthe

    past decade.

    A B C D

    26.

    Gaste

    is a

    special

    form of

    social

    classinwhich

    membership

    has

    determined

    by

    birth

    and fixed

    A B C ~D

    fo r

    Ufe.

    27. Inrecent years,stepshavebeentakentoguarantee equalityjobopportunities to the

    handicapped

    A

    B C

    :

    D

    and to

    minorities.

    28. The agricultural sector in the United States,withover two millionfarms,have a highlycompetive

    B C D

    economicstructure.

    29. Most college-age students todayareinterested infinding universitiesinwhichcanpursueboth

    ~ ~ A B C

    D

    academic

    a nd

    athletic

    extra-curricular

    activities.

    Go

    on to the

    nex

    esas

    350 Complete Practice Test One

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    . Nationality knownBlackactivistLeRoiJoneshas

    also

    achievedrecognition

    for

    hispowerful

    A B C

    separatist

    poetry.

    D

    . Thesulfurcompounds produced whenanonionisslicedare toostrong that

    they

    cause

    A B

    burning

    and

    watering

    of the

    eyes.

    D

    . Broccoli andcauliflowertasteandsmellmuch likecabbage,from

    which

    it was developed.

    A B

    C D

    The

    chlorophyll

    in

    leaves

    is a

    complex organically molecule capable

    of

    converting certain

    A B C

    wavelengths oflight

    into

    chemical energy.

    ~ D~

    . Waterandpetroleumare the only twoliquidswhat occurinlargequantitiesinnature.

    ~~A~

    B

    C

    TJ

    5 . Some large birds, suchas theostrichand thecassowary,is toolargeandheavyto fly.

    A B Cf

    D

    6. Thefastest ofallgame

    fish

    is thesailfish, that whichcantravelatspeeds of up toseventy

    A

    B

    C

    milesperhour.

    D

    7. Itbelievedisthatthegalaxiesof theuniversearerecedingatnearlyhalf thespeed oflight.

    A B C D

    8. If

    the personal computer had not been invented,willthe information age have arrived by

    A ~B~ C

    other

    means?

    D

    9 . Artificial

    intelligenceis thesimulationofintelligent human behaviors, such problem

    solving,

    A B

    C

    natural languagecommunication, andcreativity.

    D

    K ) . The

    gypsy moth

    was

    originally introduced into

    the

    northeastern part

    of the

    United States

    by a

    A

    French

    scientific who hoped to use it to develop a newstrainofsilk.

    B

    C D

    This

    is the end of

    Section

    2.

    Ifyou finishbefore timeiscalled checkyourworkonSection2only.

    |STOP| [ S T O P ) ISTOPJ ISTOPl ISTOPI

    The supervisorwill

    tell

    youwhento beginwork onSection3

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    Section3

    Reading

    Comprehension

    Time: 55 minutes

    Directions:

    In

    this section

    you

    will read several passages.Each

    one

    is

    followed

    by

    several

    questions about

    it. For

    questions 1-50,

    you are to

    choose

    the

    onebest answer, (A), (B), (C),

    or

    (D),

    toeach question.Then,

    on

    your answer sheet, find

    the

    number

    of the

    question

    and

    fill

    in the

    space

    that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

    Answer

    all

    questions following

    a

    passage

    on the

    basis

    of

    what

    is

    stated

    or

    implied

    in

    that passage.

    Readthe

    following passage:

    Theflamingois abeautifulwater bird with long legs and a curving neck like a

    swan's.Most

    flamingos

    have deep

    red orflame-colored

    feathers withblack

    quills. Some have pink or white

    feathers.

    The long legs and webbed

    feet

    arewell

    Line

    suitedforwading.Theflamingoeatsin apeculiarmanner.Itplungesitshead

    (5) underwater

    and siftsthemud withafinehairlike

    "comb"

    alongtheedgeof its

    bent bil. In this way, it strains out small shellfish and other animis. The bird

    nestson amoundof mudwithahollowon top toholditssingleegg.Flamingos

    are

    timid

    and oftenlivetogether in large colonies. The birds once lived in the

    southernUnited States, butplume

    hunters

    killedthemfasterthan they could

    10

    breed, and the flamingo no longer lives

    wild

    in the United States.

    ExampleI Sample Answer

    The

    flamingo can eatshellfishand

    other

    (

    *

    )

    >

    animis

    because

    of its

    (A)

    curved

    neck

    (B) especially formed bil

    (C) long legs

    (D )

    brightly colored feathers

    Accordingto the passage, the flamingosiftsmud for

    food

    with "afinehairlike

    'comb'

    along the

    edgeof itsbentbil."Therefore,youshould choose (B).

    Example

    II Sample Answer

    In

    U ne

    6, the

    phrase"strains out"

    is

    closest

    (

    ^-

    )

    ^

    >

    inmeaningto

    (A ) propels

    (B)

    exerts pressureon

    (C) separates

    (D) rejects

    Thephrase "strains out" is closest in meaning to "separates." Therefore, you should choose (C).

    Now

    begin work

    on the

    questions.

    Go on to the next

    page

    352

    Complete

    Practice

    Test

    One

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    Questions 1-11

    By

    themid-nineteenth

    century,

    inadditionto itsnatural resources,theUnited

    States

    had

    accumulated enough capital

    in the

    form

    of

    factories

    to

    productively

    employ

    a

    large amount

    of

    labor,

    or

    human resources.

    A

    nation that

    still

    consisted

    Line

    largely

    of

    independen farmerscould

    not

    provide

    an

    adequate labor supply

    for

    5 heavy industrialization. But millions of new workers carne to the United States

    fromabroad.

    Aswe areallaware,notall these workers arrived voluntarily. Slaves were

    broughtfrom fricato theSouth; they wereput toworkonplantationstoextract

    mximumharvests

    from

    thecotton fields.But in theNorth,themachines that

    1 0 turned that cotton into textiles were workedbymassive wavesofimmigrants

    whocarne willinglyfromonepartofEurope

    after

    another. This vastly expanded

    pooloflabor allowedforlargeleapsin our nacionaloutput.

    Anation cannot grow foreverby findingmore natural resourcesandattracting

    moreworkers; thus,acountry's extensive growthwilleventuallyslow. But

    1 5

    intensive growth gradually appears

    as

    better

    use is

    made

    of the

    labor

    forc.

    In

    theUnited Statesin themid-nineteenthcenturymany of the

    newly

    arrived

    immigrants were unskilledand illiterate, but the educacinpolicyoftheirnew

    land

    meant

    that their childrenallreceivedan

    education,

    andmany were trained

    in a skill.Ifasociety gives workers moreknowledge,they willbeableto use

    2 0

    machinesin amore complexway and tofollowmore complex

    instructions,

    yieldingmanufacturedgoodsofgreater valu;

    this

    processis

    oftenknown

    as

    investinginhuman capital.In thelate twentiethcentury,our

    physical

    capitalis

    soabundant

    and our

    natural resources

    so

    limited that

    we arebeginningto

    appreciatetheimportanceofimprovingourhuman resourcesif we are to

    2 5 continu

    to

    grow.

    1. This passage mainly discusses the national

    output

    in

    terms

    of

    (A ) thelabor

    forc

    (B) natural resources

    (C)

    factories

    (D)

    immigration

    2. According to thepassage, wheredid the

    necessary laborforcfor thenation'snew

    industriescome from?

    (A ) Unemployedfarmers

    (B)

    Other countries

    (C)

    TheNorth

    (D) TheSouth

    3. We caninfer fromthepassage (paragraph2)

    that the South'scontribucinto the growth

    ofindustryin themid-nineteenth century

    was mainly

    (A )

    rawmaterials

    (B) skilled labor

    (C)

    manufacturedgoods

    (D)

    industrialsites

    4.Thephrase"massive waves ofimmigrants"

    in

    line

    10 of the

    passage means that

    (A )

    many immigrants carne by

    ship

    (B) immigrant

    families

    stayedtogether

    (C ) groupsofimmigrantscarneat

    differenttimes

    (D) groups

    of

    immigrants were greeted

    enthusiastically

    The

    questions

    for

    thispassage

    continuon thenextpage.

    G o

    on to the

    next

    page

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    The following questions are

    based on the passage on page353.

    5.

    Thephrase"Thisvastly expanded poolof

    labor"in lines11 and 12refersto

    (A ) immigrant workers

    (B) plantation owners

    (C) independent farmers

    (D ) European investors

    6. Fromthepassage,whichof thefollowing

    can beinferred abouttheUnitedStatesin

    the

    first

    half

    of the

    nineteenth

    century?

    (A )

    It

    wasproducing

    large

    amounts

    of

    manufacturedgoods.

    (B)

    It was

    largely agricultural.

    (C) It was fully

    industrialized.

    (D ) It was low in natural resources.

    7.We can

    infer

    fromthepassage that intensive

    growth of a nation's economy requires

    (A) expansin ofresources

    (B)

    better

    use of the

    labor

    forc

    (C) attracting unskilled labor

    (D)

    limiting

    the

    human resources

    8.The word"leaps"inline12 is closest in

    meaningto

    (A ) reports

    (B)

    gains

    (C) initiatives

    (D)

    investments

    9.According

    to the

    passage, what

    is the end

    goal of aninvestmentinhuman capital?

    (A ) Providing more valuable

    manufactured goods

    (B) Educating immigrant

    families

    (C) Trainingin use ofcomplex machines

    (D) Developing literacy

    forall

    10.

    We can

    infer

    fromthe

    passage(paragraph

    3)

    thatin themid-nineteenth centurythe

    United States placeda

    high

    valuon

    (A ) European

    trade

    (B)

    education

    (C) agriculture

    (D )

    development

    of

    natural resources

    11. What device is the author using to present

    the

    information

    in

    lines 19-22?

    (A ) anecdote

    (B)

    causeand effect

    (C) comparison

    (D)

    restatement

    Go on to the nextpage

    354 Complete PracticeTest One

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    Questions12-20

    The logcabin, along with coonskincap andKentucky

    rifle, conjures

    up

    images

    ofrugged pioneer days. Simple one-room dwellings

    oflogs,

    notched together

    at

    the corners, were introduced to America around 1638 bySwedishsettlers in

    Line

    Delaware. Subsequently, Germn and Scotch

    Irish

    immigrants, as

    well

    as

    (5)

    Russian explorers along the western coast and in Alaska, introduced their own

    formsof log

    construction. During

    the

    great

    westward expansin that beganin

    the late 1700s, the log cabin was practically ubiquitous in timber-rich frontier

    reas; it could be built with only the aid of an axe, and required no costly nails.

    Intended to serve merely as way stations in the wilderness, cabins rarely became

    1 0 permanenthomes.Whenfamiliesdesired better housing with more amenities,

    they either abandoned their cabins (oftento beoccupiedby newtransients),

    incorporated them into larger dwellings, converted

    them

    into storage facilities,

    or

    in theSouth,

    used

    them asslave

    quarters.

    The

    myth

    of the log

    cabin

    as the

    sacrosanct birthplace

    of

    leaders, renowned

    for

    1 5 their honesty, humility, and othervirtues,wasinauguratedduring the

    presidentialcampaignof 1840, when William Henry Harrison was touted

    throughout the country as ahard-cider-swigging bumpkinwho lived in a log

    cabin.Hislandslidevictory over MartinVanBurnset aprecedentfor future

    presidential aspirants,

    but

    only

    a few

    such

    as"Honest

    Abe" Lincoln

    had

    bona

    2 0

    fideclaims

    to

    humble

    origins.

    In

    the present day, the log cabin appears on such memorabilia as coins and

    postage stamps,

    and it is also the

    brand

    ameof a

    popular syrup.

    The

    cabin

    is

    perpetuated architecturally

    in

    resorts,

    camps,

    inns,

    and

    restaurants along

    byways

    and

    highways.

    12.

    According

    to the

    passage,

    who first

    introducedthe log

    cabin structure

    in

    America?

    (A ) Russians

    in

    Alaska

    (B)

    Pioneers inKentucky

    (C)

    Swedes

    in

    Delaware

    (D) Germansin theWest

    13. We can

    infer from

    the

    passage that

    the log

    cabin

    originally

    (A )

    was

    intended

    as a

    temporary home

    (B)

    was

    comfortable

    and

    spacious

    (C)

    wassoldfo rlarge sumsofmoney

    (D)

    demonstratedthe art of

    fine

    woodworking

    14.The authorimpliesthat during the

    westward expansin the log

    cabin

    house

    (A)

    diminished

    in

    popularity

    (B)

    flourished

    (C) became

    too

    costly

    (D)

    required specialized tools

    15.

    Accordingto thepassage, whichof the

    following

    did NOThappen when

    people

    moved into more luxurious housing?

    (A)

    The

    cabin

    was

    abandoned.

    (B)

    The

    cabin

    was

    sold

    for ahigh

    price.

    (C)

    The

    cabin became part

    of a new

    home.

    (D) Thecabinwas

    used

    forstorage.

    The questions for

    this

    passage

    continuon the

    next

    page.

    Go on to the next

    page

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    The following

    questions

    are

    basedon the

    passage

    on

    page 355.

    16.

    The word

    "amenities"

    inline10 is closest

    in

    meaningto

    (A ) conveniences

    (B) space

    (C) children

    (D) storage

    17. The"mythof the logcabin"(paragraph2)

    capitalizes

    on

    which

    of the

    following

    features of thehouse form?

    (A ) Itssimplicity

    (B) Itssize

    (C)

    Itsdesign

    (D) Its landscaping

    18. We can

    infer

    fromthe

    passage thatafter

    the

    presidentialelection

    of

    1840

    (A)

    wealth

    and

    social position became

    a

    positive

    campaignissue

    (B)

    other presidential candidates

    professed to have lived in log cabins

    (C)

    election campaigns were more honest

    (D) people votedfor acandidate basedon

    his politicalparty

    19.

    Why does the author mention William

    Henry Harrison in the passage?

    (A ) As anexampleof anhonest man

    (B) As anexampleof anunderqualified

    candidate

    (C) Toshowhowthe logcabin myth

    began

    (D) Tocontrasthissuccess withthe defeat

    of

    Martin

    Van

    Burn

    20 . Theauthorof thepassage suggests thatthe

    logcabinhouseformhasbeen

    (A ) forgotten

    (B) romanticized

    (C)

    disparaged

    (D)

    simplified

    Go

    on to the next

    page

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    Questions

    21-31

    Duringthe earlytwentieth century, therewas acoreofradical American

    artistswhodevoted themselvestoexploringthepotentialsofmodernism. Chief

    amongthem

    wasGeorgia

    O'Keeffe,

    themost

    famous

    woman artistof ourtime,

    Line

    who is

    best known

    for her

    dramatic paintings

    of

    giganticflowers

    and

    sun-

    (5)

    bleached desert bones.

    AnativeofWisconsin,

    O'Keeffe

    studied there,inVirginia,at the ArtInstitute

    ofChicago,

    and NewYork'sArt

    Students'League,

    and

    then earned

    her

    living

    as

    apublic-schoolartteacherinVirginiaandTexas.In1915,at the age of twenty-

    eight,

    O'Keeffearranged around

    her

    room

    all the art

    that

    she had

    produced

    so

    (10) far,toevalateit.Condemningeach workasderivative,shedestroyed them all,

    embarking

    on an

    entirely

    new

    series that

    she

    hoped

    would

    reflect

    onlyherself.

    Thenext year

    O'Keeffe

    sent someof her new

    workremarkably

    spare, totally

    abstractcharcoaldrawingstoAnita Pollitzer,

    a

    friendlivingin NewYork.

    Pollitzer, impressed with the work, took the drawings to

    Alfred

    Stieglitz,

    the

    1 5 noted photographer, editor, dealer,and one ofAmerica'sforemost

    promoters

    of

    modernist

    art. Stieglitzwasalsoimpressed;hebecame

    O'Keeffe's

    dealer,and

    later herhusband. WithStieglitz'ssupportand thehelpofpositive reviewsand

    significantsales,O'Keeffe

    was

    able

    to

    devote herself

    to

    painting:

    New

    YorkCity

    scenes atnight,at a time when the skyscrapers were brand-new; rural

    2 0

    landscapes seen during summersat

    Lake

    George inupstateNew

    York;

    and,

    finally,theblossomsandbonesforwhichshebecame famous.

    By1916O'Keeffewasproducing totally abstract drawingsandwater colors,

    many

    based

    on a series of simplelinesand curved shapes. But she is known to

    farmore viewersfor her

    close-ups

    of flowers: redpoppies, blackirises,green

    2 5 orchids, pink-spotted

    lilies.

    Many theories have been advanced aboutthe

    underlying

    meanings

    of

    these pictures. Much

    has

    been made

    of the "female

    qualities"of herblossoms;

    O 'Keeffe,

    however, always denied that therewas any

    symbolism, sexual

    or

    otherwise,

    in her

    flowerpaintings.

    She

    claimed that their

    size wasinspiredby the skyscrapers beingbuiltall over NewYorkand that

    (30) what really

    interestedher in a

    subject

    was not the flower, or the

    skulls,

    or the

    mountain, but the colors and shapes she saw as she looked at them.

    21.Theword "core"in

    line

    1 isclosestin

    meaning to

    (A) class

    (B) neighborhood

    (C)

    structure

    (D)

    nucleus

    22.Accordingto thepassage, what typeof

    painter

    was

    Georgia

    O'Keeffe?

    (A)

    A

    portraitist

    (B)

    Aminiaturist

    (C)

    A

    modernist

    (D) Anexpressionist

    23.Accordingto thepassage,O'Keeffeisbest

    knownfor

    her

    paintings

    of

    (A) objects

    (B) deserts

    (C)

    women

    (D) night scenes

    The questions

    for

    thispassage

    continuon the

    next

    page.

    o on to thenext

    page

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    The following

    questions

    are

    based

    onth e passageon page357.

    24.Accordingto thepassage,why did O'Keeffe

    destroyherwork in 1915?

    (A) She

    needed more space

    in her room.

    (B)

    She was

    unhappy

    withthemdiumin

    which

    she

    hadbeen working.

    (C) Shewantedto

    produce larger

    paintings.

    (D ) Shefeltthat her work up to this point

    was not

    original.

    25.

    Why does the author cite Anita Pollitzer in

    thepassage?

    (A )

    She was a

    noted

    art

    dealer.

    (B) She

    introduced

    O'Keeffe's

    work

    to

    Stieglitz.

    (C) She was a patrn of O'Keeffe.

    (D) She was an

    acquaintance

    of O'Keeffe.

    26.

    In

    line

    12, the word"spare"is closest in

    meaningto

    (A)

    excessive

    (B)

    liberated

    (C) simple

    (D)

    modern

    27.

    We can

    infer from

    thepassage that

    O'Keeffe'snew

    work

    prometedby

    Stieglitz

    (A ) waswell-receivedby the public

    (B)

    went relatively

    unnoticed

    (C)

    was

    criticized

    as toomodern

    (D ) dealt onlywiththe

    subject

    of

    flowers

    28.

    Thephrase "devore

    herself

    to

    painting"

    in

    line

    18

    meansthat

    O'Keeffe

    (A )

    took lessons

    to

    improve

    her

    technique

    (B) took new interest in her painting

    (C) spentall of hertime painting

    (D )

    marketed

    her

    paintings more

    vigorously

    29.Accordingto thepassage, O'Keeffe

    felt

    that

    her

    paintings

    of flowers had

    been

    influenced

    by all of the

    following

    EXCEPT

    (A )

    female

    qualities

    (B) the size of the New York skyscrapers

    (C)

    colors

    (D) shapes

    30.The word"their"in line 28refersto

    (A )

    theflower,the

    skulls,

    and the

    mountain

    (B)

    thecolorsand shapes

    (C )

    theskyscrapers

    (D)

    her

    flower

    paintings

    31.

    What

    is the

    author'sattitude

    toward

    modernist

    paintingin thepassage?

    (A )

    Veryenthusiastic

    (B)

    Neutral

    (C ) Critical

    (D ) Somewhat negative

    Go

    on to the nextpage

    358 Complete

    Practice

    TestOne

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    Questions

    32-42

    Decades

    of

    observation combined

    with

    the

    revelations

    of

    nuclear

    theoryhave

    allowed modern

    astronomers to make out the simple scheme underlying the

    stellar universe.

    Each

    kindof starandtherearehundredsof

    typesrepresents

    Line a

    temporary phase

    in a

    standard

    lifecycle.

    With

    a fewadjustments,

    this

    cycle

    (5)

    applies

    to

    every star known.

    All

    stars,

    forexample,

    begin

    as

    protostars,

    concentrations

    ofluminousgasfoundwithinfar

    larger

    andmorediffuseclouds

    of

    dust and gas. Collapsing inward under its own gravity, a

    protestar

    heats and

    compresses its core

    until

    hydrogen-fusion reactions ignite. At this point, the star

    is considered to be on the main sequence, areferenceto the observed

    (10)

    concentration

    of

    most stars

    on a

    diagonal track,

    or

    sequence, within

    the

    diagram

    of

    stellar properties. Many stars

    remainon the

    main sequence

    for

    billions

    of

    years.Butfor

    each, there comes

    a

    time

    whenitshydrogen

    supply runs out,

    causing the star to undergofurtherevolution.

    A

    star's

    mass controlstheonsetofthis crisis.Low-massstars,forexample,

    1 5

    have correspondingly

    lowgravity,

    which allows them

    tofuse

    hydrogen very

    slowly and stay on the main sequence

    almostindefinitely;high-mass

    stars have

    suchhighgravity,

    andthus such rapid reactions, that they consume theirown

    much greater hydrogen stocks within

    a few

    tens

    of

    millions

    of

    years.After

    the

    hydrogen is gone, mass dictates how each star changes. The smallest simply

    2 0 consume

    the

    dregs

    of

    theirfuel

    and

    wink out. Mid-size stars like

    the Sun go

    through

    a

    bewildering

    variety of

    changes,including

    a

    high-energy helium

    flash,

    before

    turning to white dwarfs. The most massive stars rush through an intricate

    seriesoffusin

    reactions

    before sufferingafinal

    spectacular collapse.

    The

    twists

    andturnsofstellar developmentarechronicledbyastronomersasthey studythe

    2 5 life-spanof thestars.

    32.

    What does this passage

    mainly

    discuss?

    (A) The

    size

    of

    stars

    (B)

    The

    charting

    of

    characteristics

    of

    stars

    (C) Protostars

    (D) Thelifecycleofstars

    33. The word"stellar"inU ne3 is closest in

    meaning to

    (A)

    complete

    (B)

    star-filled

    (C)

    outstanding

    (D)

    large

    34.According to the

    passage, protostars

    are

    (A )

    larger than most stars

    (B)

    the

    most important stars

    in the

    galaxy

    (C) theinitial stageof astar'scycle

    (D) clouds

    of

    dust

    and gas

    35. The

    word

    "diffuse"inline6 is

    closest

    in

    meaningto

    (A) not

    concentrated

    (B) colorful

    (C)

    low-lying

    (D) different

    Thequestionsforthis

    passage

    continuon the

    nextpage.

    Go on to the nextpage

    CompletePracticeTest

    One 359

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    The followingquestionsare

    based

    on the

    passage

    on page359.

    36. At

    what point

    is a

    star considered

    to be on

    the main sequence?

    (A )

    Whenit

    reaches

    a

    certain size

    (B)

    Afterthehydrogen-fusionignition

    (C) When scientists

    can see it

    (D)

    When

    the

    dust

    has

    settled

    37. We caninfer fromthe

    passage that

    further

    evolution

    of a

    star occurs

    (A) after

    a

    billion years

    (B)

    when

    it

    reaches

    a

    certain mass

    (C) whenitshydrogen supplyisdepleted

    (D )

    when

    it

    comes

    to the end of its

    track

    38.Theword

    "consume"

    in line 17 isclosestin

    meaning

    to

    (A )

    make

    (B) use up

    (C) radate

    (D )

    waste

    39.

    Which

    of the

    following

    factors

    determines

    how

    stars change when they nave used

    up

    their supply

    of

    hydrogen?

    (A ) Heat

    (B)

    Mass

    (C )

    Weight

    (D )

    Age

    40.According

    to the

    passage, which type

    of

    starwouldyouexpecttolastthelongeston

    the

    main sequence?

    (A ) Low-mass

    stars

    (B) High-mass stars

    (C ) Mid-sizestars

    (D)

    Protostars

    41.

    The Sun is

    expected

    to

    exhibitall

    the

    characteristics

    EXCEPT

    (A ) to be amid-size

    star

    (B)

    to

    experience

    a

    helium-flash

    (C ) to

    wink

    out

    (D )

    to

    become

    a

    white-dwarf star

    42.

    Thepassage supportsall of thefollowing

    statementsEXCEPT

    (A ) Allstarsfollow asimilarlifecycle.

    (B) Hydrogen

    is an

    essentialelement

    in

    determining

    the lifecycleof astar.

    (C )

    High-mass stars have correspondingly

    high gravity.

    (D) The Sun is

    considered

    to be one of the

    most massive stars.

    Go

    on to the

    nextpage

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    Questions43-50

    People have been playing with marbles

    for

    thousands

    of

    years.

    The

    first

    marbles wereprobably

    either

    river stonesthat

    happened

    to be naturally round

    enough

    to roll or,

    more likely, rounded

    globsof

    clay that were baked

    for

    Line hardness. Such very

    od

    clay marbles have beenfound

    in

    both Greek

    and

    Romn

    5

    ruins,

    and

    quartzite spheres have been dated

    at

    around

    6000

    B . C .

    Harder

    and

    more durable marbles tend

    to

    inspire

    different

    kinds

    of

    games

    than

    soft

    clay marbles, whichcrackvery easily.

    So

    with

    the

    advent

    of

    hand-

    roundedandpolished marbles madeofagateorsome other rugged, igneous

    rock,

    the"golden

    age"

    of

    marbles

    and

    marble

    playflowered.

    1 0

    Stone marbles began

    to

    appear

    in the early1800sinwhatis now the

    southern

    part

    of

    Germany. Shortly

    after,

    handmadeglass marbles appeared

    in the

    same

    part

    of

    Europe.

    For the

    next

    120

    years, marbles

    and

    marble

    playingthere

    were

    literallyhundredsof gamesflourished inboth EuropeandAmerica.

    Marble

    players developed

    their own vocabulary for

    different

    sizes

    and

    1 5

    materials

    of

    marbles,

    aswellas for the

    many kinds

    of

    games

    to be

    played

    and

    the waymarbles were usedin thegames.Forexample,if youwere goingtoplay

    a

    game

    ofRing-Taw,one of the

    most popular

    and

    enduringmarble games,

    you

    wouldlagfor the firstshot,andthen knuckle down fromthebaulk,trying your

    best

    to get amibortwo

    with your opponent's immie.

    43.

    Theauthor makesthepointin thepassage

    that playing with marbles

    (A)

    has

    been

    goingonsince ancient times

    (B)

    is a

    relatively

    recent

    phenomenon

    (C)

    is

    losing popularity

    (D) is avery expensive pastime

    44.

    Accordingto thepassage, whichof the

    followingwas theleast

    durable substance

    for

    making marbles?

    (A )

    Agate

    (B)

    Rock

    (C) Glass

    (D)

    Clay

    45.

    The

    word

    "durable"

    in

    line

    6 is

    closest

    in

    meaningto

    (A )

    sturdy

    (B)

    colorful

    (C) economical

    (D)

    massive

    46.The

    word"inspire"

    in

    line

    6 is

    closest

    in

    meaning

    to

    (A )

    instruct

    (B)

    motvate

    (C) relinquish

    (D)

    heighten

    47 .

    It

    can be

    inferred

    fromthe

    passage that

    the

    use of

    marbles became very popular

    in

    Europe

    and America

    (A)

    in the

    18th

    century

    (B) in 6000 B . C .

    (C)

    inthe 970s

    (D) after

    glass marbles were developed

    48.We caninfer

    from

    thepassage that marble

    playing

    (A) is a

    game

    onlyfor

    children

    (B) has many variations in games

    (C)

    is

    played according

    to one set of

    rules

    (D) uses

    only one kind of marble

    Thequestionsforthispassage

    continu

    on the

    next

    page.

    Go

    on to thenextpage

    X

    Complete

    PracticeTestOne 361

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    The

    followingquestions

    are

    based

    on the

    passage

    on page 361.

    49 .

    Itcan beconcludedfrom

    lines

    17-19 of the

    passage thattheterminologyofmarble

    playing

    is

    (A)

    specialized

    (B) easy

    to

    understand

    (C) usedonly

    bychildren

    (D)

    derived

    from

    an ancient language

    50.The word

    "enduring"

    in line 17 is closest in

    meaning

    to

    (A ) developed

    (B)

    long-lasting

    (C)

    engaging

    (D)

    challenging

    This is the end ofSection3

    Ifyo u

    finishbeforetime

    is

    called checkyour

    work on

    Section

    3 only

    Do not

    read

    o rworkon any o ther

    section

    of the

    test

    Formorepractice

    take

    acomplete testfrom The

    Heinemann

    TOEFL Test

    Book.