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References

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References

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Explanatory background to the Methodology

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Archive contents

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Heathcote's methodology

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1.1 Child-centred Learning 36

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1.1.1 Begin from where the Child is

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1.1.2 Mutual trust and respect

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1.2 Drama as a Tool 43

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1.3 The social function of the lesson

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References

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2.1 Teacher as Facilitator 59

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2.1.1 The Teacher's Personality 62

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2.1.2 Self-generated knowledge 65.

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2.3.3 Definition of educational drama

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2.3.3.1 Register of Teaching Roles

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2.4 Planning

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2.4.1 Design philosophy

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References

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3.1 Objectives

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3.1.1 Teaching at risk

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3.2 Commitment and negotiation

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3.2.1 Initial questioning and discussion

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S7:89L2870:B6B08970?7B!57;8Ba00e#:;0897N042L606!;=B03>0X0L:;0897N0>38

6!;=B0!;0>?!B2;n00*27B0:;NA25N06;210CCC0ne

";2897?02450K:;0?7>4!7Ba0 0e/052;T8089!;60897N0L:;C0 0-97NT@70=280820=2

92K70197?70897N0L2K70<?2K0197;0897NT@70<!;!B975Ce

S7:89L28707L927Ba0 0 e-97NT@70=280 820=2092K70197?70 897N0L2K70 <?2K

197;0897NT@70<!;!B975d0:;50/01:;80KN0A2N092K70197?7097TB0L2K70<?2K

197;0N23T@70<!;!B975Ce00hOi

/;08970:A2@707J:K>47d0S7:89L28709:B057K2;B8?:875089:8089!;6!;=0L:;0A70A2890?7B>2;B70:;5

B8!K343BC00-9!B07L927B0S7!57==7?TB0e89!;6!;=0:B0?7B>2;B7e0:;50e8970Z37B8!2;02<08970Z37B8!2;

1!440 ;7@7?0 9:@70 A77;0 B2K789!;=0 !B24:875eC0 0 hPi0 0 -20S7:89L287d0 89!;6!;=0 !B0 :0 L2;8!;323B

QY

Z37B8!2;C00-970!K>4!L:8!2;02<0:B6!;=0:0Z37B8!2;0!;@24@7B097?0!;05!BL2@7?!;=089708?3890A79!;5d

:;505787?K!;!;=0 8970 ?7:4!8N02<d0 8970 7BB7;L702<0A2890Z37B8!2;0 :;50 ?7B>2;B7C0 0 /;0 7J!B87;8!:4

87?KBd07BB7;L70!B08970=?23;502<07@7?N89!;=C000S7!57==7?0A74!7@7B089:8a

/;B2<:?0:B0:4407BB7;L709:B08970L9:?:L87?02<0=?23;5d08970Z37B80<2?07BB7;L7

!B0:0<:892K!;=0:;507B8:A4!B9!;=02<0=?23;50CCC0-97089!;6!;=089:8089!;6B

821:?507BB7;L7d0:B0B205787?K!;75d0!B0!;0!8B0=?23;50:0Z37B8!2;!;=C00hQi

/;08970>?:J!L:4087:L9!;=0B!83:8!2;d07BB7;L70!B089707J>42?:8!2;02<0=?23;50X08970Z37B80>:?802<0897

Z37B8!2;C00k37B8!2;B0!;05?:K:0L:;02<87;047:50820:0eB7:?L9!;=0<2?0B2K789!;=e0bD2482;d0FR[Ocd

197?708970>?2L7BB02<0B7:?L9!;=0L:;0A7089705!BL2@7?N02<008?389C

3.3 Classification 130

-970>3?>2B702<0897047BB2;0!B0K383:44N05787?K!;750AN0897087:L97?0:;508970L4:BB089?23=9

:0 >?2L7BB0 2<0 >?2=?7BB!@70 L4:BB!<!L:8!2;C0 0 /7C87D:?DCFIFd0 !B0 :0 K789250 2<0 L4:BB!<!L:8!2;

!;@24@!;=0897087:L97?0!;0:0Z3!L6089!;6!;=0>?2L7BB0L2;L7?;!;=08970!57;8!<!L:8!2;02<08970;3KA7?

2<0:;=47B02;0:0=!@7;0B3AM7L8C00H2?07J:K>470!;0:08382?!:40!;0FR[Id01!890:0M3;!2?0BL9224087:L97?d

S7:89L2870L4:BB!<!750e#2;67?X-?77e0!;82a

"0B97487?08?77d0:0?7B23?L708?77d0:0L2KK3;:408?77d078LC00-97;0/0B:Nd0eS21

K:;N0 6!;5B0 2<0 L2KK3;:40 8?77ne0 0 '7440 N23T@70 =280 897K0 !;0 &"GTB

=:?57;Bd01:?0K7K2?!:40=:?57;Bd0N23T@70=280:0A?7:5<?3!808?770!;0S:1:!!

<2?0<225d0L2L2;380>:4KBCCC0\23T@70=280:0@7?N0:;L!7;808?77089:80K!=980A7

!;0:0L!8N0BZ3:?70:;50!8TB057B8?2N!;=08970<23;5:8!2;B02<08970A3!45!;=C00/8TB

=280 8209:@70A77;0 <?2K0 8!K70 !KK7K2?!:4d0 A7L:3B70 820 L9!45?7;0 !801!44

B77K0:0K!44!2;0N7:?B0245CCCC0-97?70:?70B:L?7508?77B0:B0!;0B:L?750=?2@7BC

-97?70:?704:;5K:?608?77B0CCC

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FIV0-97?70:?70UP0?7<7?7;L7B0820L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d00D7?;B87!;0DC0!4$!1+#*-.((%3%*.1%,$!.$5!3/.=%$&!,3!#52*.1%,$.-!C$,:-#5&#!bL9:>87?FFcd0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0",VFFca00/?@!;70fC(CW(#!,3!)1%1+!<+,=9(,$!F,1%3!I$5#8!%$!1#.*+%$&!5/.=.!%$!(*+,,-(!%$!1+#!$,/1+J#.(1d0bFR[Uc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!47%2C0#+VVQca0!B.-#(!*-.((%3%*.1%,$!#81#$5#5!1,!%$*-25#!$,$JL#/>.-!#-#=#$1(D!b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"(VRUcCFIF0-97?70:?70Y0?7<7?7;L7B0820B7=K7;8!;=0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0S7:89L2870*C00)#&=#$1%$&Db"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"/FPRca00+4N;;0#C06!O#/=#$#21%*!699/,.*+!1,!HI7D0bFRYYc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C""VIOca00$;2><0"C0"C0HK$.=%*(!,3!H/.=.D!b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"*VOUca00S:BB0+C00@.L%$!B,-1,$D!-#((,$(#&=#$1D0bFRYOc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"SVVFcC00H2?0<3?897?07J:K>47Bd0B770S7:89L2870*C0D2482;0+C!H/.=.!3,/-#./$%$&G!6$!.**,2$1!,3!H,/,1+K!O#.1+*,1#'(!F.$1-#!,3!1+#!789#/1!699/,.*+!1,!752*.1%,$d00S7!;7K:;;0W."db:;8!L!>:8750>3A4!L:8!2;05:87dFRROc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#(VVUc00>>CUF0g0OI0X05!:=?:KK:8!L0B7=K7;8!;=02<&J<:K0:;50#9!;:C

Q[

-970<22508?770!B0>?2A:A4N08970B8?2;=7B80h<2?0L9!45?7;iC00/80K!=98

A70:0<22508?770<2?0X0:0L242;N02<0?:?70A!?5BC00H2?07J:K>47d0!;0H7A?3:?N

1:J1!;=B0<4N02@7?0);=4:;5C00-97N0:?702;4N04!8847d0B20N230>?2A:A4N0;775

B2K789!;=0A!==7?d0 X0:;50 897N07:80:440 8970L2882;7:B87?0A7??!7B0A7L:3B7

897N0?7B802;089701:N0820/L74:;5C00\230K3B807;5210h8970L9!45?7;i01!89

:;0 7J>7?8!B70 h4!67i0 8?770 B3?=72;B0 h192i0 9:;5470 2;70 8?770 !;0 :0 B>7L!:4

1:NCCCC0 /80L23450A70:0#2;67?0-?77d0:;02450':4;380 8?77CCC0 0-9!B0 8?770 !B

=788!;=0@7?N05:;=7?23B0:;5017012;57?0!<08970A?:;L97B0L23450A70B:@75

:;50B20!<0N230L23450>?2>0!803>0820677>0!80X001701234504!670!8067>80X0897

L9!45?7;0:?70K:6!;=0 <!;705!B8!;L8!2;B0 h4!67i0 e/<0N2301:;80 89!B0 8?770 82

B8:N097:489Nd0N2301!4409:@70820=780?!502<089:80A?:;L9089!;=eC00\230L2345

9:@70:08?77089:80!B02@7?9:;=!;=0:0L93?L90:;50!B0@7?N05:;=7?23BC00%21

897N09:@708:67;01755!;=0>9282=?:>9B03;57?089:808?770<2?093;5?75B02<

N7:?BC0-97?7TB0A77;0:0;7:?XK!BBd0 B20N230 ?7:44N0;77502;70A?:;L902<<0 X

2;709:B0:4?7:5N0<:447;0521;0!;0:0=:470:;5089708?770B77KB0820A70924421

CCC089:8TB09210/01234508:L6470hA7=!;0820L4:BB!<Ni0e#2;67?0-?77eC00hYi

"LL2?5!;=0820S7:89L2870:;50D2482;d05?:K:09:B0:LL7BB0 8205!<<7?7;80L3483?:40 47@74BC0 0-9!B0 !B

L4:?!<!750AN0G?2<7BB2?0)C-C0S:44dFIU0 8970:;89?2>242=!B8019209:B0L4:BB!<!750B2L!:40A79:@!23?

!;82089?77047@74BFIIC00S7:89L2870:;50D2482;0?7X57<!;70897K0:Ba

U548A6+ ]0 ?74:8!;=0 82019:80 :0 B2L!78N0 eB8:;5B0 <2?e0 :B0 ?7<47L8750 AN0 !8B

!;B8!838!2;Bd0L7?7K2;!7Bd0=2@7?;!;=078LCd

!DI548A60X0?74:8!;=08209210!8B0K7KA7?B02?=:;!B70897KB74@7BC

#7F;D?FA60 X0 ?74:8!;=0 820 8970 5:N0 820 5:N0K7:;B0 !;5!@!53:4B0 :52>80 <2?

B3?@!@:4C00-97?70:?70K:;N05!K7;B!2;B08204!<70!;0:;N0B2L!78NC00h[i

S7:89L287TB0 B7=K7;8:8!2;0 BNB87K01:B0 B!K!4:?0 820S:44TB0 L4:BB!<!L:8!2;02<093K:;0:L8!@!8N0:B

Z328750!;0<+#!)%-#$1!0.$&2.&#d0#9:>87?0Id0e-970]2L:A34:?N02<0#3483?7e0bFRPRcC

OA66R=+F6A==?I?FA:?5D+=9=:78a

/;87?:L8!2; D!B7J3:4!8N (7:?;!;= )J>42!8:8!2;

"BB2L!:8!2; -7??!82?!:4!8N G4:N

.3AB!B87;L7 -7K>2?:4!8N *7<7;L700hRi

O7A:;F5:7R=+F6A==?I?FA:?5D+/9=:78a

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FIU0-97?70:?70U0?7<7?7;L7B0820S:440!;08970$7N12?50/;57JCFII0.770S:440)C!<+#!S,/=.-D!I$3,/=.-!.$5!<#*+$%*.-!6(9#*1(!,3!O2=.$!6*1%L%1KD0bFRPRc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C"/VIPcC

QR

0 (:1 H225 ':? '2?B9!> 0 (7!B3?7

)53L:8!2; .97487?0 H:K!4N #2KK3;!L:8!2;

'2?6 -?:@74 #4289!;= ,75!L!;7

S7?0L:87=2?!7Bd0A7L:3B70897N017?70B!K>47?d0L23450A703B750:B0A2;5!;=012?5B0820>?2@!570=?7:87?

!KK75!:LNC0 0"A?:9:KC0SC0,:B421TB0eS!7?:?L9N02<0;775Be0 <?2K0<,:./5(!.!E(K*+,-,&K!,3

B#%$&0bFRQ[cd0S7:89L2870B3==7B875d0L23450:4B20A703B750:B0:;0:487?;:8!@70820B7=K7;8:8!2;a

)@7?N093K:;0A7!;=0?7Z3!?7B0!;089!B02?57?02<0!K>2?8:;L7a

FC0,:87?!:4d0<225d0B97487?d0L4289!;=d078LC

UC0G9NB!L:40B7L3?!8N0X0B:<78Nd0>?287L8!2;C

IC0+?23>0B7L3?!8Na00A742;=!;7BB0X0:B0!;0:0<:K!4Nd0L2KK3;!8Nd0L4:BBd

=:;=d0000000000 78LC0b:BB3?75089?23=90<?!7;5B9!>d0:<<7L8!2;d042@7cC

OC0*!=;!8Nd0B74<X?7B>7L80b:BB3?75089?23=908970?7B>7L8d07B877Kd0:<<7L8!2;

2<02897?BcC

PC0.74<X:L83:4!B:8!2;0X0b:BB3?75089?23=90<?7752K0<2?057@742>!;=0<344N

9!B0 8:47;80:;50L:>:L!8!7BcC00hFVi

"LL2?5!;=0820S7:89L2870:;50D2482;0:;N02<0897B70L4:BB!<!L:8!2;B0L?7:870;7105!K7;B!2;B019!L9

L:;0897;0A70!;87?>?78750!;089705?:K:047BB2;0:800H2?K:4d0/;<2?K:40:;50-7L9;!L:4047@74BC

3.3.1 Brotherhood's code

-970 Q45:;74;55HR=+ F5H7FIO0 !57;8!<!7B0 2;70 :B>7L80 2<0 :;0 7J!B8!;=0 ?7:4!8N0 1!890 :

3;!@7?B:4!8NC0 0S7:89L2870 57<!;7B0 !80 :Ba0 ef3K>!;=0 B!571:NB0 89?23=90 8!K70 :;50 :L?2BB0 B2L!:4

B8?:8:09:;=!;=02;0:440897019!4708202;70L2;B8:;80747K7;80!;08970B!83:8!2;eC00hFFi00/80>?2@!57B0897

87:L97?01!890 :;0 :487?;:8!@70 L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0 820 B7=K7;8:8!2;0 :;50 974>B0 9!K_97?0 57@742>0 897

:A!4!8N0820B77093;5?75B02<0>2BB!A!4!8!7B0!;03B!;=08970B:K70K:87?!:40!;0:047BB2;0A380;7@7?0!;0897

B:K701:NC00&;70B!B87?922502<0#!;57?744:FIP0!Bd0897?7<2?7d0e:440892B701920hB3<<7?i0:8089709:;5B

2<0897!?0B!A4!;=BeC00hFUi00-970B2L!:407@7;80:>>7:?B0828:44N05!<<7?7;802;08970238B!570A380B2K7921

!809:B0:0B!K!4:?0<774!;=02;08970!;B!570B2089:808970L9!450L:;

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FIO0-97?70:?70FV0?7<7?7;L7B08208970A?2897?9225TB0L2570!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0S7:89L2870*0g*?:>7?0/d00H#L#-,9%$&!(2%1.>-#!=.1#/%.-d0bFRRFc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#*VOFcCFIP0-97?70:?70FV0?7<7?7;L7B0820S.%/K!<.-#(0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0$?7;`6:0EC0)C00;%$5#/#--.Db"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"HVI[ca00(3;;0,C0':467?0+C0!<+#!E#/*#91%,$!,3!6/*+#1K9#(!%$!*+%-5/#$!3/,=!-%(1#$%$&1,!3.%/K!1.-#(D!b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0""VQUca00S7:89L2870*C!!F.$'(!",2/$#K!%$!FK1+,-,&Kd!S.%/K!<.-#(Db"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"*VFOca00*3A2B80HC0%C00S.%/K!<.-#(!J!)1,/K1#--%$&!J!H/.=.d0bFRYRc00b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!47%2C0".VUUcC

YV

!57;8!<N01!890:440892B7019209:@70A77;0!;089!B0A?2897?92250CCC0h:;5i07:L9

A?2897?92250<2L3BB7B02;08970!;;7?0B!=;!<!L:;L702<089702387?0:L8C00hFIi

D788N0':=;7?FIQ0 >?2@!57B0 8970 7J:K>470 2<0 S7:89L2870 !;0 8970 ?2470 2<0 :0 12K:;0 L:??N!;=

A?7:6<:B80<2?097?05:3=987?a

.970L:;0!;B8:;84N0B:Nd0e0/0:K0!;08970A?2897?922502<0:440892B701920B7?@7

:;2897?TB0 ;775Beo0 0 :;50 !KK75!:874N0 B970 9:B0 :0 52`7;0 !K:=7B0 :80 97?

<!;=7?8!>B0X0 <?2K0:01:!8?7BB0:80:05?!@7X!;0 820 8970B7?@:;802<0 8970$!;=0 C

hFOi

S7:89L2870Z328750:047BB2;07J:K>470bB770">>7;5!J0FQ0<2?0:;:4NB!B02<0897019247047BB2;c019!L9

57K2;B8?:8750L9!45?7;TB03;57?B8:;5!;=02<08970A?2897?9225Ba

/;02?57?0820A7=!;08970K3B73K02<08970:!?L?:<8d0/0L2K>47874N0:487?750897

<!?B801:J12?6B0170K:57C00/03B750:;07J:K>47019!L908970L9!45?7;0=:@7

K70<?2K08970A:884702<0k37A7Ld0197?708970H?7;L90:;508970D?!8!B9017?7

<!=98!;=0:;50197?708970/;5!:;B017?702;08970D?!8!B90B!570:8089:80>2!;8C

.20170B7803>08120:?K!7B082042260:80e9210527B0:01:J0K3B73K0974>0N23

3;57?B8:;509210>72>470:?70 <774!;=ne0'97;0 897N09:5052;70 89:8d0 897N

897;047:?;750820B>7:60197;0823L975d0:A2380897!?0<774!;=BC00/0?7K7KA7?0/

823L97502;70L9!450X09701:B0 M3B80K:?L9!;=01!890:01:87?0A288470:;5097

1:B02;702<08970H?7;L90B245!7?Bd09705!5;T809:@70:;N89!;=0!;09!B09:;5d017

M3B806;7109701:B05?!;6!;=0<?2K0:01:87?0A28847d0:;50/0B:!508209!Kd0e.!?d

19:80!B09:>>7;!;=0820N23d019:80:?70N23089!;6!;=n0b%&-019:80:?70N23

<774!;=cC0 0S70 B:!5d0 e0 /0 :K0 B20 8!?75d0 /0 :K0 ;280 89!;6!;=C0 0 /0 9:@70 7@7;

<2?=2887;019:80 89701:?0 !B0 :A238eC0 0 %210197;0 /0 =780 820 89:80 B8:=7d0 /

?7L62;0L9!45?7;0:?703;57?B8:;5!;=08970A?2897?9225BC00hFPi

3.4 Focal point

-970 I5FA6+B5?D:FIY0 2<0 8970 B>7L!<!L0 B7=K7;80 !B0 B747L8750 89?23=90 :0 >?2L7BB0 2<0 2>7;

Z37B8!2;!;=C00"0K2?70B3A84704!;702<07;Z3!?N0!B0897087:L97?TB0Z37B8!2;0019!L905787?K!;7B0897

>?7L!B70<2L:40>2!;8002<0897047BB2;0X00:057<!;750K2K7;801!890:087;B!2;0>2!;80!;0!8C00H2?07J:K>47d

!;0:0?7L7;8047BB2;0!;0D!?K!;=9:K0bFRROcd0S7:89L28703B750:087:L97?0!;0?2470:B0:;0!;B>7L82?0820:

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FIQ0-97?70:?70FY0?7<7?7;L7B0820':=;7?0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0':=;7?0DC0fC007L,C%$&!&21!-#L#-5/.=.D!b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"#F[UcCFIY0.770]7??!7?0EC00V./%,2(!5,*2=#$1(!%$!2(#G!6!(*+,,-!-,&!>,,CD0bFR[Pc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0".VIPcC

YF

?93A:?A0<:L82?N01920:802;70B8:=70>4:L75097?0<!;=7?0!;820:;0:L83:405!B902<0B871750?93A:?A0:;5

:B67508970L9!45?7;0b!;0?2470:B0897012?67?Bc0e,:N0/08:B870!8ne

YU

3.4.1 Seeding questions

&;L70 8970 <2L:40>2!;802<0 8970 47BB2;09:B0A77;05787?K!;75d0 8970B45F7==+5I+=77H?DCFI[

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3.5 Selecting significance 166

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3.5.1 Slowing down the experience

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3.6 Reflection and Implications 172

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4.3 Poor Theatre

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5.2 Passive and active culture

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5.3 Process /product dichotomy

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5.4 Culture of silence and Praxis of conscientization

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References

hFi 2>C0L!8C0000D3?=7BB0EC

hUi 2>C0L!8C0000':=;7?d0DC0fC0000>C0UIF

hIi 2>C0L!8C0000D3?=7BB0EC

hOi 2>C0L!8C0000,2?=:;0%C0g0.:J82;0fC0000>C0P

hPi +:4A?:!890$C0fC0000<+#!;2-12/#!,3!;,$1#$1=#$1D!000FR[Od0000GC0IOC

hQi D2482;0+C0000<,:./5(!.!<+#,/K!,3!5/.=.!%$!#52*.1%,$D0000FRYRd0000>C0FIO

hYi G3?>74d0*C0)C0!!!<+#!=,/.-!.$5!(9%/%12.-!*/%(%(!%$!#52*.1%,$D!.!*2//%*2-2=!3,/!

T2(1%*#!.$5!*,=9.((%,$!%$!#52*.1%,$d0000FR[Rd0000>C0UU

h[i f3;=0#C+C0000,7K2?!7Bd0*?7:KBd0E7<47L8!2;Bd0000FRQId0000>>C0UIQXY

hRi 2>C0L!8C0000D?:==d0000>C>C0FIXFO

hFVi -3?;7?d0]C00!!S/,=!Q%12.-!1,!<+#.1/#D!000%710\2?6d0000FR[Ud0000>CFFY

hFFi +?!K7Bd0EC0000e-97:8?702<0.23?L7Bed0000<2-.$#!H/.=.!Q#L%#:d0000]24C0^]00%2C0

///d0000 H:44d0FR[F0000>CQY

hFUi 2>C0L!8C0000#:??2440fC0000>C0O

hFIi D24:;5d0+C0000)53L:8!2;0<2?0(!A7?:8!2;a0-970#2;<437;80G?:J!B02<0G:340H?7!?70:;50

*2?289N0S7:89L287d0000b3;>3A4!B9750,C"C05!BB7?8:8!2;c00000W;!@7?B!8N02<0%710

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hFOi 2>C0L!8C0000#:??2440fC0000>CFY

hFPi /A!5d0000>C0I

hFQi /A!5d0000>C0U

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hF[i 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C000#2;<7?7;L70(7887?C

hFRi D3?=7BB0EC0g0S7B87;0.

hUVi /A!5

hUFi D3?=7BB0EC0g0S7B87;0.C0000<+#!<+%$!)*/##$d0000]!572d0000"35!20]!B3:40#7;8?7d0000

W;!@7?B!8N02<0%71L:B847X3>2;X-N;7d0000FRRU

hUUi G7?4B0HC.0780:4d000075C0.87@7;B0fC&d0000@#(1.-1!%(D0000FRYPd0000>CFP

FUR

G"E-0-'&

The Evolution of the Archive

FIV

/%-E&*W#-/&%

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<383?70>2BB!A!4!8!7B02<0:;0!;87?:L8!@7d0:?L9!@7089?23=90;71047:?;!;=0K78:>92?BC

Archive concept

.!;L70 FRYUd0 8970 N7:?0 8970 >?7B7;801?!87?0 B8:?8750S7:89L287TB0*!>42K:0 !;0*?:K:0 !;

)53L:8!2;0L23?B7d0B9709:B0A77;0!;0L2;8!;323B0L2;8:L801!890S7:89L287C0 0-970L2;L7>802<0897

:?L9!@70 1:B0 <23;5750 !;0 97?0 ,C"0 5!BB7?8:8!2;0 2;0 S7:89L2870 !;0 FR[UXId0 19!L90 !;L43575

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9!557;0B8?:;5B02<0 8970>4:N0:;501?!;=08970K2B80<?2K0897Kd0 8:67019:8

1:B07KA?N2;!L0>7?9:>B0:;50A?!;=0!80238C00hFi

-9!B0K!??2?B0S7:89L287TB0:>>?2:L90820>4:;;!;=0:047BB2;C

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:;50B8?:;5B02<0:;02?=:;!L0K78925242=NC00&;0:0L2;L?787047@74d0!80!B07;@!B:=75089:80:<87?09:@!;=

?7:5089!B0?7B7:?L9d08970?7:57?01!440A70:;07J>7?80:?L9!@7X3B7?C00S2>7<344Nd089703B702<0L2K>387?

5:8:0 820 ?7<7?7;L70Z328:8!2;B019!L90 7J!B80 !;0 8970 :?L9!@701!440 9:@70 !;<2?K750 8970 ?7B7:?L97?

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:?L9!@70:;508970;28!2;02<08970e<2?K47BB093;L9e0:BB2L!:87501!8908970:?L9!@701!4409:@70A77;

B77575C0

Archive creation

D:L6=?23;50!;<2?K:8!2;02;0B788!;=03>08970:?L9!@701!440A70>?2@!575C00-970>?2L7BB02<

L?7:8!;=08970:?L9!@701!440A707J>4:!;75C0 0-9!B0!;L4357B0:057BL?!>8!2;02<08970>9NB!L:40:?L9!@7

bB770 ">>7;5!J0 Uc0 :;50 8970 :?L9!@70 L4!7;87470 bB770 ">>7;5!J0 F[cC0 /80 :4B20 L2K>?!B7B0 :;

7J>4:;:82?N0 D226478d0 8970 B788!;=0 3>0 2<0 !;5!@!53:40 ?7L2?5B0 !;0 :0 $7N12?50 /;57J0 bB77

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/;57J0 :;50 8970 ?7:B2;B0 <2?0 0 57@!:8!;=0 <?2K0 7B8:A4!B9750 >?:L8!L70 1!440 A70 7J>4:!;75C0 0 -97

87L9;!L:4057BL?!>8!2;02<08970>?2L7BB03B750:;508970>?2A47KB07;L23;87?7501!440:440A707J:K!;75C

Archive testing

/;0FRRId08970>?7B7;801?!87?02?=:;!B750:;0!;87?;:8!2;:40L2;<7?7;L70:80(:;L:B87?0W;!@7?B!8N02;

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8970L2K>387?!B750$7N12?50/;57J0:;508970>2BB!A!4!8!7B02<0<3?897?0<3;5!;=C00-970<!;5!;=B0:?7

:;:4NB750!;0#9:>87?0.7@7;C

FIU

New learning metaphors

%710 47:?;!;=0K78:>92?B01!440 A70 :>>4!750 !;0 2?57?0 820 @!710 8970 7J!B8!;=0 :?L9!@70 <?2K0 ;71

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!;<437;L70 2<0 +2<<K:;TB0 I4A87d0 D?7L98TB0 ,B?F+ #;7A:470 :;50 8970 57@742>K7;80 2<0 4567

F5DG7D:?5D=01!440:4B20A705!BL3BB750!;089!B04!=98C

0

References

hFi D?2260GC0000-970.9!<8!;=0G2!;8d0000FR[[d0000>C0IXOC

FII

#S"G-)E0./^

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6.1 Background

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97450:80OU0%2?890E2:5d0:;0";;7J702<0 8970W;!@7?B!8N02<0%71L:B847X3>2;X-N;70B!;L70FRYIC

-97B70?7B23?L7Bd019!L909:50A77;0:BB7KA475053?!;=089704:B8089!?8N0N7:?B02<097?0L:?77?d0L2345

897;0A70K:570:@:!4:A470820?7B7:?L97?B01!B9!;=08207J>42?7097?0K78925242=NC

6.2 Classification issues

S7?0L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0BNB87K0:80OU0%2?890E2:501:B0:41:NB0!;08970>?2L7BB02<0A7L2K!;=

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2>7;0 :;50 :@:!4:A470 820 :440 B8357;8Bd0 @!B!82?B0 :;50 =37B8BC0 0 -970 <!?B80 >?2A47K0 3;57?8:67;d

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S7:89L287TB067N0L2;L7>8Ba00e?247eo00eBNKA24eo00e?!83:4eo00eKN89eo00eK78:>92?eo00e8!K7eo00eB!=;eC

#7?8:!;0>?2A47KB0:?2B7d02;70A7!;=089:80:B0E2470!B097?0L7;8?:40L2;L7>8d0!801:B07;@!B:=75089:8

;!;78NX;!;70>7?0L7;802<089707;8!?70L2;87;8B0L23450A70<!47503;57?089!B02;70L2;L7>8C00-93Bd0<?2K

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1234509:@70820A70L?7:875C

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6.4 User capabilities

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1:;80:0eZ3!L605!>e0!;82097:@!4N075!8750K:87?!:40820892B70K2?70B7?!23B0?7B7:?L97?B01920?7Z3!?7

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UOU0-97?70:?70R0?7<7?7;L7B0820+72=?:>9N0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0S7:89L2870*C0!S,2/!*2-12/#(!>2%-1.$5!5#L#-,9#5!.**,/5%$&!1,!5%33#/#$1!&#,&/.9+%*.-!-,*.1%,$(D0bFRYQc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0D#VV[cCUOI0-97?70:?70P0?7<7?7;L7B0820,257?;0(:;=3:=7B0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0$7K>0.C00H/.=.9/,*#((#(!.99-%#5!1,!=,5#/$!-.$&2.&#!1#.*+%$&0bFR[Uc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0##VV[cCUOO0-97?70:?70IV0?7<7?7;L7B0820.L!7;L70!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>470B770S7:89L2870*C00H/.=.!#$1#/%$&!1+#*2//%*2-2=!X(*%#$*#!9/,&/.==#\d0bFRRFc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#*VOOcCUOP0-97?70:?70FV0?7<7?7;L7B0820,:89B0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0);L!B20GC00W(%$&!H/.=.!)1/.1#&%#(!1,/#L#.-!*+%-5/#$'(!.99/,.*+!1,!H%L%(%,$D0bFR[Ic0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#"VVQca00'7B82;XD?21;70.C0!4$#1#.*+#/'(!.11#=91!1,!2(#!1+#!5/.=.1%*!.55%1%L#!J!:%1+!(9#*%.-!/#3#/#$*#!1,!./%1+=#1%*!1#.*+%$&D0bFR[Fc00b"?L9!@7E7<C0X0H!470%20")VVPcCUOQ0-97?70:?70YV0?7<7?7;L7B0820#2KK3;!L:8!2;0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0#:??2440fC0!;,==2$%*.1%,$D*,$1/,-!.$5!1+#!5/.=.!3/.=#:,/CD0bFR[Vc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0".VUYca00.L:47B0DC0;+%-5/#$'(*,==2$%*.1%L#!(1/.1#&%#(!%$!(,*%,J5/.=.1%*!9-.KD0bFR[Vc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"*FIPca00,:?67?0(!B7X(2?7CF,5#/$!5/.=.D!1+#!=.&%*!1/%.$&-#G!I$&=./!B#/&=.$'(!%=9-%#5!9+%-,(,9+K!,3!1+#.1/%*.-!*,==2$%*.1%,$D!bFR[Icb"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"/VPRcCUOY0-97?70:?70FR0?7<7?7;L7B0820#23;B744!;=0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0S7:89L2870B8357;8d00<+/##!=.9(,3!1+#!(.=#!1#//%1,/K!J!1+#!*,2$(#--%$&!.99/,.*+#(!,3!;./C+233D!).1%/D!.$5!O#.1+*,1#D!b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C"DVIOca00D:37?0)C0-C0!6!9/,*#((!.**,2$1!,3!&/,29!*,2$(#--%$&D0bFR[Ic0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0D)VVPcCUO[0-97?70:?70FO[0?7<7?7;L7B0820.2L!:40!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0-92K>B2;0#C0<+#!),*%.-!N,/C#/'(E/,>-#=D!bFR[Oc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C#DVUFcCUOR0-97?70:?70U0?7<7?7;L7B0820E74!=!2;0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0,:97?0,C!H/.=.1%*!E#/3,/=.$*#.$5!0%12/&%*.-!789#/%#$1%.-!H%33#/#$*#(D0bFR[Vc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#"VFUcCUPV0-97?70:?70FR0?7<7?7;L7B0820#2KK3;!8N0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>470$7?B9:10DC00<+#.1/#!1+/,2&+;,==2$%1KD!bFR[Pc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0""VFPcCUPF0.770">>7;5!L7B0FVXFU0<2?089707@2438!2;02<0,:;84702<08970)J>7?80L2;L7>8d0">>7;5!J0FI0<2?0E244!;=0E247L2;L7>8d0">>7;5!J0FO0<2?02<<0=3:?50L2;L7>8C

FI[

8970?:105:8:C00/80!B0!;87;575089:808970?7B7:?L97?01!440A70:A4708207K34:870S7:89L287TB07:?4N057B!?7

820?7:50!;<2?K:8!2;0:B0;775750:;50;280!;0:;N0>:?8!L34:?02?57?a

/0;7@7?09:507;23=90?7:5!;=0K:87?!:40:;508970BL92240;7@7?08?3B87503B082

A2??210K2?7089:;02;70A2260:80:08!K7C00-97N05!5;T80A74!7@70N230L2345

8:670 B!J0A226B0:80 :0 8!K7C0\2309:50 820 <!;!B902;70:;50 897;0>?2@70N23

;775750 :;2897?C0 0'9:80 :0 B!44N0 ;28!2;0 <2?0 :0 >4:L70 2<0 47:?;!;=C0 0 -9:8

L23450K:670:042;=08!K702<0:01776TB07;50<2?0:0A226X>22?0L9!45019201:B

93;=?N0<2?0>?!;8C00hUi

6.5 Classification Process

-970L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0>?2L7BB01:B0A:B7502;0,:4L24K0G:?84788TB0UPU+D7E+7GA6@A:?5D<0197?7

970?7<7?B08208970:>>?2:L902<0:;0!443K!;:8!@707@:43:82?019208:67B08970?7:4!8N02<08970B!83:8!2;

:;503B7B0 !80 820 <2?K08970A:B!B02<0B835NC0 0"B0S7:89L287TB0>?:J!B09:50:41:NB0>7;78?:875019:8

.8:;!B4:@B6N087?K750e89705?N012?5B02<0897087J8ed0!801:B057L!5750820?7<47L8067N0:>>?2:L97B02<

97?0K78925242=N0!;089!B0>?2L7BBC00H2?07J:K>47d0:0,:;84702<08970)J>7?80:>>?2:L901:B0:52>875d

197?7AN0 8970K:87?!:401:B0 :4421750 820 B3==7B80 !8B0 21;0L4:BB!<!L:8!2;d0 8970 e52L3K7;80 ?7:5B

N23eC00-9!B01:B0!;<437;L750AN097?0;28!2;089:80e8970A2260?7:5B0N23eC00hIi

-970 67N12?5B0 17?70 B747L8750 <?2K0 8970 >24NK2?>9!L0 >7?B>7L8!@7Bd0 =:!;750 <?2K

B835N!;=08970:?L9!@70L2;87;8BC00-97B70!K>2?8:;8067N12?5Bd0A:B7502;0S7:89L287TB067NXL2;L7>8B

:;50 892B70 42L:8750 !;0>:B80 B8357;8BT0 5!BB7?8:8!2;Bd017?70 897;0 ?7L2?575C0 0 0-9!B0K348!X<:L7875

:>>?2:L90 :4421750 8970 52L3K7;80 L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0 820 A70 !;87?>?78750 !;0 :0 1:N0 89:80 :0 B!;=47

>7?B>7L8!@70L23450;7@7?0:LL2K>4!B9C00/801:B0B!K!4:?082097?04566?DC+4567UPI0L2;L7>80197?70897

L4:BB0!;87?:L801!89d0897;0:55082d08970!57:B0:;50:L8!2;B02<0>?7@!23B02;7BC00-9!B06!;502<07@24@!;=

>?:J!B0A?775B08970<383?70>2BB!A!4!8!7B02<0:0;71047:?;!;=0L2;8!;33K0!;019!L90K348!X4:N7?B02<

6;21475=70:;507J>7?!7;L70:?70!;87?12@7;a00!;089!B0L:B70!;8208970?757<!;!8!2;02<0067N12?5BC

,:;N02<08970:?L9!@707;8?N0K:87?!:4B09:50;205:87Bd0:3892?Bd08!847B02?0>3A4!B97?Bd078LCd

:;50 !801234509:@70A77;05!<<!L348d0 8!K70L2;B3K!;=0 0:;50 !;0B2K70L:B7B0 !K>2BB!A470 820 42L:87

897B70?7<7?7;L7BC00S7:89L28705!BL42B75089:8a

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UPU0</#$5(!%$!752*.1%,$!%2CIOd0SC,C.C&?dUPI0-97?70:?70Y0?7<7?7;L7B0820?244!;=0?2470!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0H3BL2420]C0Q,--%$&!1+#!Q,-#DbFR[Qc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C#DVUUca00S7:89L2870*C00Q,--%$&!Q,-#D00b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%20",VURcC00H2?L?2BBX?7<7?7;L70820?244!;=0?247C0B770>C>C0FFU0g0FYOXFYPC

FIR

/01!4403B70B2K70B77502<0:;07@7;802?0:0B8:87K7;801!892380A7!;=0:A47082

=!@70892B70578:!4750?7<7?7;L7B0B20A742@7502<0:L:57K!LBC00/0?7:4!B7089:8

KN0B42>>N0:>>?2:L90>?7@7;8B08970<24421!;=03>02<0578:!4B0Z328750<?2K

897012?602<02897?BC00hOi

.9709:50;7@7?0?7=:?57505:87B0:;50;:K7B0:B0A7!;=0:B0!K>2?8:;80:B08970L2;87;8BC00H2?07J:K>47d

197;0 B970 3B750 8970 52L3K7;8Bd0 ;710 L2;87J8B0 17?70 :41:NB0 A7!;=0 L?7:8750 <2?0 897KC

#2;B7Z37;84Nd0!801:B057L!575082047:@70A4:;6B0!;08970L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0197?70578:!4B017?70K!BB!;=C

.8:;5:?504!A?:?N0>?:L8!L7d0897?7<2?7d01:B0;280>2BB!A4702?0:>>?2>?!:87C00S7:89L28709:B0B3==7B875

89:80 8970 ?7B7:?L97?0K:N0 4!670 820 <24421097?07J:K>4702<0>5445E?DC+ A+ F5DF7B:d0B2089:80B_97

L23450e47:>0820b97?_9!Bc021;0!;87;8!2;Be0UPO00hPi00:;505!BL2@7?0;710>2BB!A!4!8!7B_K7:;!;=B0!;

97?012?6C

&;70>?2A47K0L2;L7?;!;=08970L4:BB!<!L:8!2;02<0897052L3K7;8B0!B089:80S7:89L287d0:80897

8!K702<01?!8!;=0!B0B!J8N0B7@7;0:;509:B0;7@7?0<344N0?78!?75C0W;8!40?7L7;84Nd0B9701:B0:0]!B!8!;=

G?2<7BB2?0 820 8970W;!@7?B!8N0 2<0#7;8?:40 );=4:;5d0 :;50 B8!440 =!@7B0 2LL:B!2;:40 47L83?7Bd0 B92?8

L23?B7B0:;508382?!:4BC00#2;B7Z37;84Nd0K:87?!:40:;50K7K2?:A!4!:0:?70L2;B8:;84N0A7!;=0:5575082

8970:?L9!@70L2447L8!2;C0 0-97?7<2?7d0 8970;3KA7?02<0?7L2?5750?7<7?7;L7B0820B>7L!<!L0L2;L7>8Bd

:;50897067N12?5B0897KB74@7Bd0L:;;2807@7?0A70L2;L43B!@7C

6.6 Computerised Keyword Index

$7]F9F6?DC+:;5047]F6A==?I9?DCUPP09:@70:41:NB0A77;0!K>2?8:;80L2;L7>8B0!;0S7:89L287TB

K78925242=N0 :;50 :;0 !57:40 BNB87K0123450 A70 2;7019!L90 >7?K!8B0 8970 ?7B7:?L97?0 !;!8!:44N0 82

L4:BB!<N09!B_97?021;0;775B0AN0K:8L9!;=0897K01!8908970:>>?2>?!:87052L3K7;8BC00/801:B057L!575

820 3B7d0 :B0 :0 <!?B80 B87>0 821:?5B0 89!B0 BNB87Kd0 :0 B!K>470 L2K>387?!B750 67N12?50 !;57J019!L9

!KK75!:874N0 2A@!:8750 8970 ;7750 820 B2?80 8970 :?L9!@70 >9NB!L:44NC0 0-93Bd0 7:L90 52L3K7;801:B

7;@742>75d0=!@7;0:03;!Z370:4>9:X;3K7?!L0!57;8!8Nd0<2?07J:K>47d0""VVFd0:;50897;0?783?;75082

89702?!=!;:40L:?5A2:?50A2JC0 0"0L2??7B>2;5!;=07;8?N01:B0K:5702;820 8970L2K>387?C0 0-9!B0 !B

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UPO0-9!B01:B08970>?!;L!>4703B750820L?7:8708970>!4280897B:3?!02;00?247d0?!83:4d0:;50BNKA24C0H2?0L?2BB0?7<7?7;L7082?!83:40B77d0>C>C0Yd0UUd0OQd0[Od0[Qd0[Yd0RVd0ROd0FVVd0FVFd0FFUd0FFQd0FUQd0FU[d0FIFd0FIUd0FI[d0FOVd0FPUd0FPO0g0F[QCH2?0L?2BBX?7<7?7;L70820BNKA240B77d0>C>C0FVd0FOd0FQd0UUd0UYd0URd0IId0OVd0OOd0OQd0PQd0YYd0[Fd0[Id0[Od0[Qd0[Yd0RVd0RUdRQd0R[d0FVFd0FVUd0FUVd0FUQd0FU[d0FIFd0FIUd0FI[d0FOVd0FPUd0FPOd0FYId0FYQd0FY[0g0F[QCUPP0.7700>C>C0PF0g0RO00<2?0L?2BB0?7<7?7;L70820?7XLNL4!;=C

FOV

L:44750:0H@=:>?D0 ABB45AF;0:;50:4421B0<2?d0:802;707;502<0 8970B>7L8?3Kd0:0B!K>47067N12?5

!;57J0 :;5d0 :80 8970 2897?0 7;5d0 8970 >2BB!A!4!8N0 2<0 :0 ;2;X9!7?:?L9!L:40 L4:BB!<!L:8!2;0 BNB87Ko

897B:3?!d0L2;L7>80K:>B0:;50:L8!2;05!L8!2;:?!7BC

-97067N12?5B03B750!;08970!;57J017?70<!;:44N0B8?3L83?750:?23;5089?770>?!;L!>:40B8?:;5B

2<087?K!;242=No ++

I?4=:69+ X0=:ADHA4H?=7H+E54H=+ =?8?6A4+ :5+ :;5=7+ @=7H+ ?D+ :;7+Q4?:?=;

,H@FA:?5DA6+ !DH7LUPQ+ 0Q,!3 0ADH+ ,H@FA:?5DA6+ $7=7A4F;+ ?D

(58B@:74=+0,$!(co ++

=7F5DH69+ ]+ E54H=+ @=7H+ ADH+ 47H7I?D7H+ >9+ O7A:;F5:7+ ADH+ :;7

:7AF;74=+5D+;74+F5@4=7o

:;?4H690X0E54H=+;AG?DC+A+=B7F?I?F+87AD?DCP=?CD?I?FADF7+ ?D+A+C?G7D

H?=F?B6?D7+54+F@44?F@6@8+A47A+54+67G76+5I+7H@FA:?5DN

6.6.1 Basic Format for Archive Record

"<87?0 89707J8?:L8!2;02<0 89!B067N12?504!B80 b19!L901:B0 897;075!8750B7@7?74N0197;0897

192470 >!L83?70 A7L:K70 L47:?7?cd0 :0 B7?!7B0 2<0 B:K>470 ?7L2?5Bd0 7:L901!890 :0 B4!=984N0 5!<<7?7;8

B8?3L83?7d01:B0eK:?6780 87B875e02;0:0;3KA7?02<0>:B80 B8357;8B0:;50L2447:=37B02<0S7:89L287C

-97B70B8?3L83?7B0?:;=750<?2K08970<:!?4N02?89252J001!890:0B8?!L84N057<!;7509!7?:?L9!L:40:;:4NB!B

2<0L2;87;80:;50:017:48902<087L9;!L:40578:!4d0B3L90:B0>:=!;:8!2;d0<2?K:8d078LCd0820:0B!;=470<!745

8N>701!890 ;20 5!<<7?7;8!:8!2;0 A78177;0 <2?K0 :;50 L2;87;8C0 0 -970K:!;0 >?2A47K0 2<0 3B!;=0 897

9!7?:?L9!L:40:>>?2:L90820L2;87;804:N0!;08970:K2?>923B0;:83?702<0K3L902<08970K:87?!:40:;50897

5!<<!L348N02<0A28902?57?!;=089709!7?:?L9N0!;!8!:44Nd0:;50K:!;8:!;!;=08970B:K709!7?:?L9N02@7?

8970192470:?L9!@7C00-970;3A02<08970:?=3K7;801:B0197897?0820B8?3L83?708970?7L2?50L2;87;80@7?N

8!=984N0 :;50 893B0 B!K>4!<N0 8970 B3AB7Z37;80 B7:?L90>?2L753?7B0 2?0 820 B!K>4!<N0 :;50 422B7;0 897

B8?3L83?7d0893B0?753L!;=08970eL2423?!;=e02<08970K:87?!:40A380?7Z3!?!;=0<:?0K2?70B2>9!B8!L:875

B7:?L90K78925BC00-9704:887?0K7892502<0!;8744!=7;80B7:?L9!;=0K:N017440!;@24@708970B45I?6?DC+2<

8970?7B7:?L97?C00H!;:44Nd08970<24421!;=0A:B!L0<2?K:80<2?08970:?L9!@70?7L2?501:B057L!57503>2;a

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UPQ0"<87?0:0B835N02<07J!B8!;=0L2K>387?0;7812?6Bd00:55!8!2;:4067N12?5B017?70897;0!;L2?>2?:875C00-9!B0<24421750:;!;87?@!7101!890G9!40.97<<!7450<?2K08970D?2897?82;0(!A?:?N0:80(775B0W;!@7?B!8NC00S701:B0?7B>2;B!A470<2?L2K>387?!B!;=08970D?!8!B90)53L:8!2;:40/;57J0bD)/cC

FOF

FC H!470;2C :03;!Z370?7<7?7;L70;3KA7?089:80:4B20!;5!L:8750897042L:8!2;02<08970?7L2?5

1!89!;08970>9NB!L:40:?L9!@7C

UC H2?K00 8970<2?K:802<08970:?L9!@70K:87?!:4d07C=C047BB2;0;287Bd0:?8!L47Bd0897B7Bd0

@!572d078LC

IC *:8700 89702?!=!;:405:8702<08970K:87?!:40b197?70B3L90:05:8701:B0:BL7?8:!;:A47cC

OC -!8470 89708!84702<0897012?60b197?70:>>4!L:A47cC

PC &?!=!;00 8970B23?L702<08970K:87?!:4d07C=C02?!=!;:40>3A4!L:8!2;d0!;B8!838!2;d0L23;8?Nd

78LC

QC &?!=!;:82?00 8970:3892?d075!82?02?0L2447L82?02<08970K:87?!:4C

YC $7N12?500 :;0:;:4NB!B02<08970L2;87;802<08970K:87?!:40!;087?KB02<0!8B067N0L2;L7>8Bd0

753L:8!2;:4047@740:;50L3??!L34:?0:?7:C

6.6.2 Sample Entry

/*2).,+,"#$f

H!47

;2C

&?!=!; *:87 H2?K -!847 &?!=!;:82? $7N12?5

"DFV[ %71L:B847

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FRYR 897B!B_>:>7

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:;508970?247

2<0897

B>7L8:82?0!;

*/)

#:??244C

f29;

87?K!;242=N

>?2A47KBd

L2;L7>8Bd

8972?78!L:4

L2;B!57?:8!2;d

87:L9!;=0?247Bd

>:?8!L!>:;8

B>7L8:82?d0>4:;;!;=d

:4!7;:8!2;d0D?7L98

b.770">>7;5!J0O00<2?0/;B8?3L8!2;0D226478019!L907J>4:!;B09210820:LL7BB08970$7N12?5

/;57J0:;50">>7;5!J0I0<2?08970$7N12?50/;57J05:8:A:B7Cc

6.6.3 Technical Details

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6.6.4 Fuzzy Search System

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6.7 A New Drama in Education Language Tradition

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6.7.1 Keyword Index and Thesaurus

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6.7.2 Pilot Thesauri

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6.7.3 De-constructivist approach to language

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000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UQU0.770#:A?:40DC00A)%&$(!,3!.!9,(1=,5#/$D!K#1!5%.-#*1%*.-!9/.*1%*#AD!bFRRIc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VVIcC

FPF

References

hFi 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C0000/;87?@!7101!890"3892?d0000FRRI

hUi 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C0000/;87?@!7101!890"3892?d0000FR[I

hIi /A!5

hOi /A!5

hPi /A!5

hQi S7B87;0EC0-C0g0S7B87;0.C

hYi 2>C0L!8C0000.80#4:!?d0fC0GC0000>C0FIO

h[i /A!5d0000>C0FIO

hRi /A!5d0000>C0OQ

hFVi 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C0000/;87?@!7101!890"3892?d0000FR[I

hFFi0 '!88=7;B87!;0(C000!E+%-,(,9+%*.-!I$L#(1%&.1%,$(D!000FRPId0000>C0[U7

hFUi 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C0000621+#$1%*!<#.*+#/!.$5!1+#!3212/#0000>CQ

hFIi 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C0000/;87?@!7101!890"3892?d0000FR[I

hFOi 2>C0L!8C0000'!88=7;B87!;0(C0000>>C0U[7XUR7

hFPi )5C0'2250*C000!43!H#//%5.D!O#%5#&&#/D!.$5!)9%/%1C0000FRRId0000>C0PQ

hFQi '9!874N0,C0000/;87?@!7101!890"3892?d0000FR[I

hFYi 2>C0L!8C0000Z328750AN0'9!8747N0,C

hF[i 2>C0L!8C0000]7??!7?0EC

hFRi 2>C0L!8C0000'9!8747N0,C

hUVi 2>C0L!8C0000#?2:440fC

hUFi G2B8K:;0%C0g0'!7;=:?8;7?0#C0000<#.*+%$&!.(!.!)2>L#/(%L#!6*1%L%1Kd0000FRYFd0000

>CFIV

hUUi /A!5d0000>C0FIV

hUIi /A!5d0000>C0FVU

hUOi 2>C0L!8C0000S7:89L2870*C0000621+#$1%*!<#.*+#/!.$5!1+#!S212/#d0000>C0P

hUPi 2>C0L!8C0000.80#4:!?d0fC0GC0000>>C0O[XOR

hUQi /A!5d0000>>C0PYXP[

hUYi #:A?:40DC0000e.!=;B02<0:0>2B8K257?;d0N7805!:47L8!L:40>?:L8!L7ed0000b3;>3A4!B9750

>:>7?cd0000/;87?;:8!2;:40#2;<7?7;L7d0000<+#!:,/C!.$5!I$3-2#$*#!,3!H,/,1+K!

O#.1+*,1#D!000(:;L:B87?0W;!@7?B!8Nd0000FRRId0000>C0F

FPU

#S"G-)E0.)])%

000-).-/%+0-S)0"E#S/])0"-0"%0/%-)E%"-/&%"(

#&%H)E)%#)

7 Testing the Archive at an International conference

/;0f34Nd0FRRId0:;0!;87?;:8!2;:40L2;<7?7;L70:80(:;L:B87?0W;!@7?B!8N01:B02?=:;!B75082

87B8023808970K:!;02AM7L8!@702<08970>?7B7;80?7B7:?L90X089707<<7L8!@7;7BB02<08970>9NB!L:40:?L9!@7d

8970)J>4:;:82?N0D226478d0$7N12?50/;57J0:;50-97B:3?3B02<0$7N12?5BC00-9707J!B8!;=05:8:A:B7

1:B0;280B2>9!B8!L:87507;23=90<2?08970?7B7:?L90?7Z3!?750:8089!B0L2;<7?7;L7d0B208970<24421!;=

7J>4:;:8!2;057BL?!A7B08970>?2L7BB02<08?:;B<7??!;=08970*"-"+),02;820G"E"*&^0>?!2?082

89!B02LL:B!2;a

7.1 Technical details

H24421!;=087B8B0:80(:;L:B87?0W;!@7?B!8N0!;0FRRId0!;019!L905:8:01:B

B3LL7BB<344N08?:;B<7??750<?2K0*"-"+),d0?3;;!;=02;08970DD#

L2K>387?d08208970W;!@7?B!8N0K:!;<?:K7d089!B05:8:A:B701:B0L92B7;082

924508970:?L9!@70!;!8!:44NC00"B08970>?752K!;:;80L2K>387?0:80897

W;!@7?B!8N01:B08970G#08N>7d0!801:B0;7L7BB:?N08208?:;B<7?08970:?L9!@7082

:0G#0L2K>:8!A4705:8:A:B7C000G"E"*&^01:B0L92B7;0A7L:3B70!801:B

:@:!4:A4701!890B3<<!L!7;80L2>!7B0820?3;08174@70L2K>387?B0:;50!801:B

>2BB!A4708208?:;B<7?08970:?L9!@70:80<:!?4N0B92?80;28!L7C000D7!;=0:

?74:8!2;:405:8:A:B70!8047<802>7;08970>2BB!A!4!8N02<0:55!;=0:0K2?7

L2K>?797;B!@7067N12?50:;:4NB!B02<07:L907;8?N0:80:04:87?0B8:=70:;50897

5:8:A:B70:4421750:0L7?8:!;0:K23;802<0eL3B82K!B:8!2;e0820A70L:??!750238d

7C=C0>?7>:?750e?7>2?8e0<2?K:8B0<2?0>?!;8238B02<08970eB7:?L975e0?7L2?5Bd

78LC000&;08970521;B!57d08970@7?B!2;02<0G"E"*&^03B7501:B0:0*&.

@7?B!2;0?:897?089:;08970'/%*&'.0@7?B!2;C000#2;B7Z37;84Nd02>7?:8!2;

2<089705:8:A:B701:B0@!:0897067NA2:?50?:897?089:;08970K23B7C000,:;N02<

89703B7?Bd0197897?0<:K!4!:?01!890L2K>387?B02?0;28d0<23;5089!B0:

5!B:5@:;8:=7C000/801:B0:4K2B80!K>2BB!A470820K:67089705:8:A:B70K:;:=7?

8?:;B>:?7;8082089703B7?0:;508970>?24!<7?:8!2;02<0K7;30L2KK:;5B02;0897

BL?77;d08970@:B80K:M2?!8N02<019!L9017?70;280?747@:;8082089!B0:>>4!L:8!2;d

K:57089702>7?:8!2;02<08970BNB87K0:>>7:?02@7?0L2K>47J0:;50:04!8847

5:3;8!;=0820897047BB07J>7?!7;L75C00hFi

FPI

7.2 Archive Map

-970>9NB!L:40:?L9!@70:;508970<!?B80B8:=702<08970:?L9!@70K:>017?70;210L2K>478750:;5

?7:5N0 <2?0 87B8!;=0 :80 8970 L2;<7?7;L7C0 0 -970 :?L9!@70 L23450 A70 :LL7BB750 ?7:5!4N0 AN0 3B!;=0 897

67N12?50 !;57J0 !;0 2?57?0 820 7J>75!870 <3?897?0 ?7B7:?L90 2;0 S7:89L287TB0 K78925242=N0 :;5

!;<437;L7C0 0 -970 897B:3?3BUQI0 2<0 67NX12?5B0 :;50 8970 >!4280 897B:3?!0 :?70 ;280 N780 >:?80 2<0 897

L2K>387?XA:B750 BNB87KC0 0 0 -970 897B:3?!0 197;0 897N0 :?70 L2K>478750 1!440 L?7:870 :0 812X

5!K7;B!2;:40K:>0197?70 8970 3B7?01!440 A70 :A470 820 B8:?80 :80 :;N0 >2!;80 :;50 ;280 2;4N0 5!BL2@7?

!;<2?K:8!2;019!L90?74:87B0 820 89:80>2!;8d0A380 8970>2!;80 !8B74<01!440:4B20 !;5!L:870B7@7?:402897?

>:89B02<0!;<2?K:8!2;019!L9089703B7?0K:N01!B908208:67C00-9!B0>?2L7BB01!440897;0A70?7>7:8750:B

2<87;0:B089703B7?01!B97BC0

-970 L2;L7>80 2<0 8970 :?L9!@70 K:>0 1:B0 !;B>!?750 AN0 8970 !57:0 89:80 :0 <?:=K7;80 2<

!;<2?K:8!2;0L:;0?7@7:40:0192470>!L83?702<047:?;!;=C00-9!B0!B0B!K!4:?0820'!44!:K0D4:67TB0;28!2;

2<0B77!;=0e:012?450!;0:0=?:!;02<0B:;5eC00)@7;83:44Nd0!80!B07;@!B:=75089:80<3?897?0?7B7:?L901!440A7

7;:A475089?23=9089703B702<0:08@6:?]87H?A<+*4:?I?F?A6+!D:766?C7DF7+0*N!N3++>A=7H+=9=:78NUQO

-9703B7?01!440897;0A70:A47082057B!=;09!B_97?021;067NX12?50>:890<?2K08970897B:3?!0AN03B!;=

89!B07;:A4!;=087L9;242=N0820:442109!K_97?0820L2;L7>80e92>e0:;507@7;0eM3K>eC00 0-9!B089?77X

5!K7;B!2;:400K:>01!440:4421089703B7?0820A?21B7d0!;87?>?780:;50L?7:8709!B_97?021;0>:?:5!=KC

S217@7?d08970L2;<7?7;L70?7B7:?L97?01:B0>?2@!57502;4N01!89089702;705!K7;B!2;:40K:>0X0897

$7N12?50/;57JC

7.3 Pilot researchers

,:?=:?780)557?B9:1d0S7:502<0-97:8?70.835!7B0:80(:;L:B87?0W;!@7?B!8Nd0174L2K750897

?7B7:?L97?B0:;5082=7897?01!890S7:89L2870>4:;8750:08?770:B0:0K78:>92?0<2?0B775!;=08970:?L9!@7C

/;0)557?B9:1TB02>7;!;=0B>77L9d0B970:>>4!7508970e8?77e0K78:>92?08208970@:?!78N02<00eB>7L!7Be

>?7B7;80:808970L2;<7?7;L7C00E2=7?0D3?=7BB0L:44750897Ka00e"<!L!2;:52B0h192i0L:K70<?2K0:44

2@7?0897012?450820L747A?:870*2?289N0S7:89L287TB012?60:;50!;<437;L7CC):B80K!J7501!89017B8d

;2?8901!890B2389eC00hUi

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UQI0-970897B:3?3B01:B0:@:!4:A470!;0A2264780<2?K0:808970L2;<7?7;L70X0B770">>7;5!J0PCUQO0.770:>>7;5!L7B0UF0g0UUC

FPO

-970L7?7K2;N0?7K!;5750S7:89L28702<02897?08?77X>4:;8!;=Bd0<2?07J:K>47089702;7019!L9

K:?675097?0?78!?7K7;80!;0FR[Q0197?70B970Z328750897047=7;5B02<0)4`7:?50D23<<!7?d089707457?4N

H?7;L9K:;0 1920 >4:;8750 8?77B0 820 ?7B82?70 :;50 >?7B7?@70 8970 H?7;L90 L23;8?NB!570 :;50 897

"K7?!L:;047=7;502<0f29;;N0">>47B775C00*3?!;=08970L2;<7?7;L70L7?7K2;Nd0B970:=:!;0?7<7??75

820 8970 4:A23?B0 2<0 897B70 8120 97?27B0 :B0 K78:>92?B0 <2?0 A2890 0 e=2250 87:L9!;=e0 :;50 0 e=225

:?L9!@!;=eC0-970:?L9!@7d0B9707;@!B:=75d0123450>?2@!570eBNB87KB02<0B775!;=BeUQP019!L9012345

:442108970B775B02<097?0K78925242=N0820A70>4:;8750!;87?;:8!2;:44NC

"48923=90;210 ?78!?75d0S7:89L287TB0 !;<437;L709:B0 ?7K:!;750 B7K!;:40 :;50 B9707;M2NB

!;87?;:8!2;:40?7L2=;!8!2;0<2?089703;!Z37;7BB02<097?0K78925242=NC00-9!B01:B0!443B8?:8750AN0897

K348!X;:8!2;:40 =:897?!;=0 2<0 ?7B7:?L97?B0 :80 89!B0 L2;<7?7;L7C0 0 W;57?0 97?0 83874:=70 :0 92B80 2<

>?:L8!8!2;7?B0 89?23=92380 897012?450;210>?2K2870 89703B702<05?:K:0:B0:0@79!L470<2?0924!B8!L

47:?;!;=0!;0:;N0=!@7;0:?7:02?047@7402<08970L3??!L343KC00-9!B01:B0:K>4N057K2;B8?:8750!;0897

>?7B7;8:8!2;Bd012?6B92>Bd0>7?<2?K:;L7Bd0>:>7?Bd0B7K!;:?Bd0<2?3KBd07J9!A!8!2;B0:;50$7N;287

.>77L97B019!L9057K2;B8?:875089701!58902<097?0!;<437;L70!;08970<!74502<0*?:K:0!;0)53L:8!2;

bB770">>7;5!J0 FRcC0 0-97012?6B92>B0 :4B20 57K2;B8?:8750 89:80 8970 L2;<7?7;L70 ?7B7:?L97?BUQQ

9:@70:4?7:5N0A7=3;0 820:>>4N0 8970 !;<437;L702<097?0K78925242=N0 820 897!?0 B>7L!<!L0:?7:B0:;5

L23;8?!7BC

7.4 Gavin Bolton and Mantle of the Expert

"LL2?5!;=0 820+:@!;0D2482;d0 8970:?L9!@701!440>?2@!570 8970K7:;B02<0:4421!;=0 <383?7

=7;7?:8!2;B02<0 ?7B7:?L97?B0 820:AB2?A0<344N0S7:89L287TB0>?!;L!>47Bd097?0:>>?2:L90 820 87:L9!;=

:;50 47:?;!;=d0A28902<019!L90:?701:N0:97:502<0 897!?0 8!K7C0 0 /;09!B0$7N;2870B>77L9UQY0 :80 897

L2;<7?7;L7d0 970 5!BL3BB750 9!B0 ?7L7;80 !;@24@7K7;80 !;0 ?7B7:?L9!;=d0 8970 2<87;0K!B3;57?B8225

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UQP0H2?0L?2BBX?7<7?7;L70820B775!;=d0B770>C0QRCUQQ0-97?70:?70PY0L2;<7?7;L707;8?!7B0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0.12?8`7440%C0!B/%$&%$&!HI7!a!<I7!1,<.%:.$D!bFRRIc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VFYca00E7;60SC)C00<+#!6/1!3,/=!,3!5/.=.!.$5!1+#!$#:;,$(1/2*1%L%(=d0bFRRIc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VUUca00,:L934B6:0SC0<+#!I1.-%.$!&./5#$D0bFRRIc0b"?L9!@7E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VUIca00f:;BB7;B0(C0!4$!1+#!N%$&(!,3!O,=,!025#$(!1,!.!/#.-=!,3!1+#!%=.&%$.1%,$d0bFRRIcb"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VURca00D:4:;2<<0'C00W(%$&!5/.=.!1,!*,$1%$2#!1+#!1/.5%1%,$!,3!,/.-!+%(1,/K!.=,$&6>,/%&%$.-!9#,9-#!%$!1+#!U,/1+!N#(1!<#//%1,/%#(D0bFRRIc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VPIca00D?23=90DC0!699-%#5O#.1+*,1#!H,:$2$5#/D!bFRRIc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VPPca00/BB:0)C0!N,/C(+,9!,$!HI7!%$!",/5.$D!bFRRIcb"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0#$VPVcCUQY0.770D2482;0+d0AF.$1-#!,3!1+#!789#/1A!,/!AN+.1#L#/!O.99#$#5!1,!6:#RAd0bFRRIc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C#$VVOcC

FPP

2AD:67+5I+:;7+,LB74:UQ[0L2;L7>8C00D2482;0L2;<7BB75089:808970K7:;!;=02<0!809:5074357509!K

<2?0K:;N0N7:?BC00#2;B7Z37;84Nd09709:50!;@!8750S7:89L2870820M2!;09!K0!;08970?7B7:?L9C00.9709:5

:=?7750820520B20A38

1:?;750b9!Kc089:801?!8!;=0:0A22601:B0;28097?0!57:02<08970A7B803B702<

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0"B08970A2260!B0;210<!;!B975d0D2482;01:B0:A4708207J8?:L80<23?0B7K!;:40>?!;L!>47B019!L90897

L2;<7?7;L70?7B7:?L97?0<23;5d0:;508970<383?70?7B7:?L97?01!440<!;5d0!;@:43:A470!;07J>4:!;!;=089!B

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UC0 /80 !B0 8:B6XA:B750 :;50 8970 7:?4N0 8:B6B0 K3B80 A70 1!89!;0 19:87@7?

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!;0BK:440=?23>Bd0B20:;0:8K2B>97?702<0eA3BN;7BBe0!B0L?7:875C

IC0/80!B08970BL92240*2//%*2-2=! b:0A25N02<06;21475=70:;50B6!44Bc0 0 89:8

5!L8:87B019:80892B707:?4N0:;50B3AB7Z37;808:B6B0B923450A7C00-97087:L97?

!B0 B3A84N0 >?2K28!;=0 L3??!L343K0 :?7:B0 19!470 >3B9!;=0 <2?0 eA3!45!;=

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;287B0 :B0 !80 9:>>7;B0 2?0 7@7?N2;70 1!440 K:670 ;287B0 197;0 !80 !B0 2@7?C

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67N12?50 820A70 <23;507@7;0197;0 !80 !B0 7KA755750 !;0:0=?23>02<02897?

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7.5.5 -97?70:?70K:;N0=:>B0!;08970:?L9!@7019!L90B2K70?7B7:?L97?B0B3==7B8750897N0K!=980A7

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7.5.6 -970A!==7B80>?2A47K01:B089:80B2K7012345XA70:?L9!@7X3B7?B05!50;2809:@708970;7L7BB:?N

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References

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8. New Learning Metaphors

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89?23=90897047AF:?G7+BA4AH?C80b:0?7B>2;B70BNB87KcC

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UYO0.770S7:89L2870*C000#$(!.(!(K=>,-!,3!*,+#/#$*#D0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"$VI[cCUYP0B770>>C0FQFXFQOCUYQ0B770>>C0FQQXFQYCUYY0B770>>C0FYIXFYOCUY[0B770>>C0FYQXFY[C

FQI

"LL2?5!;=0 820 #C0 *:NC0 (71!Bd0 K78:>92?UYR0 !B0 577K750 820 A70 8970 2457B80 BL!7;8!<!L

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8.1 Formal description of optical terms with metaphorical application

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000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000UYR0-97?70:?70QU0?7<7?7;L7B0820K78:>92?0!;08970$7N12?50/;57Jd0<2?07J:K>47d0S7:89L2870*C0!F#1.9+,/!.(!2(#5!%$U#:!b#.-.$5D0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0"$VPPcC00H2?0L?2BBX?7<7?7;L70820K78:>92?0B77d0>C>CFd0UUd0O[d0QUd0[Qd0FFRdFUVd0FUYd0FU[d0FI[d0FOOd0FO[d0FORd0FPOd0FPQXF[I0g0FRFCU[V0.7700,2?89?2>0HC!!<+#!=,1%L#!3,/!=#1.9+,/D!bFRQOc0b"?L9!@70E7<C0X0H!470%2C0D+VVQcCU[F0.770>C0QV0<2?0<421L9:?802;047BB2;0<?:K712?6C

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/;08970>4:;70K!??2?08970?7<47L8750!K:=701!440:>>7:?0820A70:B0<:?0A79!;5

8970K!??2?0 :B0 8970 2AM7L80 !B0 !;0 <?2;80 2<0 8970K!??2?U[PC0 0 -970 !K:=70 !B

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FQP

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>:BB7B0AN0:B0B970B77B0!8089?23=908970K!??2?C00hUi

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#;7+F5DFAG7+8?4454

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B2L!:40 7@7;8B0 <?2K0 ;710 :;=47BU[YC0 0 &>8!L:40 K78:>92?B0 L23450 !;@24@70 8970 ?7B7:?L97?d0 <2?

7J:K>47d0 !;0 3B!;=0 2;7+e47;Be0 820 @!710 8970 7K>:89!L0 >?2L7BBd0 8970 B87>>!;=0 !;820 :;2897?

8!K7_B>:L7_5!K7;B!2;o00:;2897?0e47;Be0820?7@7:4089:808970?7B7:?L97?TB04:87;806;21475=70L:;0A7

A?23=980!;820L2;BL!23B06;21!;=C

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000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000U[Q"B0<:?0A:L60:B0FRYUd0:LL2?5!;=0820.!B87?0,:?!70G:34:0S:?5Nd0S7:89L2870A74!7@75089:8087:L97?B0;7757508257@742>0B6!44B0!;03B!;=0:0K348!X5!K7;B!2;:40@!71CU[Y0H2?0!;B8:;L7d04226!;=089?23=909247B0!;01:44B_A:=Bd0B770>CYRd0083?;!;=0B2L6B0!;B!5702380:;50897;083?;!;=0897KA:L60!;d0B770>C0FOVd0M23?;7N!;=d0B770>C>C0F[[XF[Rd0B871:?5B9!>d0B770>C0FF[d093BA:;5?N0:;50B775!;=0B770>C0FORC

FQQ

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L2;M3?7?TB03;7:?894N0B6!44C00h[i

8.2 The refined concepts

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47:?;!;=0!BB37B0AN0@!71!;=0897K089?23=90:0@:?!78N02<02>8!L:40K78:>92?BC

8.2.1 Frame 288

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:;N0B2L!:407;L23;87?0897?7017?708120:B>7L8B0>?7B7;8a

&;70 !B0 8970 :L8!2;0 ;7L7BB:?N0 <2?0 8970 7@7;80 820 >?2=?7BB0 821:?5B

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References

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10 º AA011 º 11 º AA012 º 12 º AA013 º Newcastle Univ. Sch.of Ed. 13 º AA014 º NATD Iss2 Vol3 ISSN 0261-1651 Drama Broadsheet 14 º AA015 º NATD Iss2 Vol3 ISSN 0261-1651 Drama Broadsheet 15 º AA016 º NATD Iss2 Vol3 ISSN 0261-1651 Drama Broadsheet 16 º AA017 º NATD Iss2 Vol3 ISSN 0261-1651 Drama Broadsheet 17 º AA018 º Newcastle Univ. Sch.of Ed.

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DOROTHY ËFile no. ËÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍOriginÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 1 º AA002 º Newcastle Univ. Sch.of Ed. 2 º AA003 º

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H9

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H>

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HF

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HH

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+++

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

++9

#6;#0($#6;#0($*10;*P-%3/$*01*34$*,)#$;3#6;#0($*01*-;3(#6;#0($*01*$%'06%3$;#6;#0($T07g$'3!=$(T$=-/6-3!0%#6;#0($(*01*34$*(36&<#63*-*'$%3;$*30*@;!3!%E#63*0%*034$;(5*(40$(c6-/!1!'-3!0%(c6-/!3-3!=$*10'6(*0%*888c6-/!3!$(*-%&*(D!//(*-((0'!-3$&*@!34*'-;$*E!=!%Ec6-/!3<c6-/!3<*'!;'/$c6-/!3<*$)#$;!$%'$(c6-/!3<*!%*/$-;%!%ET3$-'4!%Ec6-/!3<*/$-;%!%E^6-;;<*S-%D*P!//*M3<-/^6$$%*,/!i-7$34*AAc6$(3c6$(3!0%*01*:;-.-*!%*,&6'-3!0%c6$(3!0%T&$=!'$c6$(3!0%!%Ec6$(3!0%!%E*10;*'0..!3.$%3c6$(3!0%!%E*/-%E6-E$c6$(3!0%!%E*06;*!%3$;=$%3!0%c6$(3!0%!%E*3$'4%!c6$(c6$(3!0%!%ET%$E03!-3!0%*(D!//(c6$(3!0%%-!;$c6$(3!0%(*]*46.0;06(c6$(3!0%(*]*@4!'4*]*'/-((!1!'-3!0%(c6$(3!0%(*-(D$&*01*2$-34'03$*:0;034<c6$(3!0%(*0%*;0/$*01*3$-'4$;c6$(3!0%(*0%*(36&<*01*'4!/&400&c6$(3!0%(*30*';$-3$c6$(3!0%(T;$(#0%($(c603-3!0%(J8,J8,*-%&*P-%3/$*01*34$*,)#$;3J8,8T&;-.-J-7<*'-(3/$J-'$;-'$;-'!(.;-!/@-<*7;!&E$*-;'4$(;-!/@-<(;-%&0.*@0;&(

++>

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++B

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

++F

;$/-3!0%(4!#(*!%*!%10;.-3!0%*(3;6'36;$(;$/$-($*01*$%$;E<;$/$=-%'$;$/!E!0%T&;-.-;$/!E!0%V*'0%'$#3(*01*'0(.0/0E!'-/;$/!E!06(*&;-.-;$/!E!06(*$&8;$/!E!06(*!%30/$;-%'$;$/!E!06(*3$-'4!%E*!%*('400/;$.$&!-/;$.$&!-/*;$-&!%E;$.$&!-/*(D!//(;$.$.7$;!%E;$%$@-/*01*!.-E!%-3!0%;$#;$($%3!%E*3;634;$#/<*30*c6$(3!0%(;$#0;3*0%*&$=$/0#.$%3*-%&*-##/!'-3!0%*01*&;-.-*.$340&(*!%*S;!3!(4*$&6'-3!0%;$#;$($%3-3!0%;$#;$($%3-3!0%*01*;0/$Q(R;$#;$($%3-3!0%-/;$#;$($%3-3!0%-/*.0&$(;$c6!;$.$%3(*!%*3$-'4$;;$c6!;$.$%3(*01*-*#;0E;-.*!%*-$(34$3!'*$&6'-3!0%;$($-;'4;$($-;'4*'0%3$%3;$($-;'4*'0%3$)3;$($-;'4*!%*%$6;-/*0;E-%!(-3!0%;$($-;'4*!%30*/-%E6-E$;$($-;'4*!%30*.0%-(3!'*/!1$T(0'!-/*#;07/$.(;$($-;'4*!%30*34$*'/-((;00.;$($-;'4*0%*$)#/0;-3!0%*-%&*#/-<;$($-;'4*0%*#/-<;$($-;'4$;;$($-;'4$;];0/$;$(!&$%3!-/*'-;$;$(!&$%3!-/*(6..$;*'-.#;$(!&$%3(*Q$/&$;/<R;$(0/=!%E*34$*(!36-3!0%;$(06;'$;$(06;'$*.-3$;!-/;$(#$'3;$(#0%($;$(#0%($*30*.$3-#40;;$(#0%(!7!/!3<*-%&*/$-&$;(4!#*(D!//(;$(#0%(!7!/!3<*10;*c6-/!3<*01*E;06#*$%&$-=06;(;$(30;$*#$;(#$'3!=$

++H

;$(3;-!%3T$)67$;-%'$;$(3;-!%3(;$(3;!'3$&*'0&$(;$(3;!'3$&*/-%E6-E$;$(6/3(;$(6/3(*-%&*&!('6((!0%;$(6/3(*01*-'3!0%(;$3-;&-3!0%;$3-;&$&*-&0/$('$%3(;$3-;&$&T%$$&(*4$/#;$3!'$%'$;$=$-/(*34$*7-/-%'$*01*%$$&(*10;*/$-;%!%E;$=!$@;$=!$@*01*hG4$*%-D$&*.-%h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g$'3

++K

;!36-/*(<.70/;!36-/!(-3!0%*]*f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a04%(0%;0/$*01*';$-3!=$*&;-.-3!'(*!%*$&6'-3!0%;0/$*01*&!;$'30;;0/$*01*:;8*Y!(3$;;0/$*01*&;-.-*-&=!($;;0/$*01*&;-.-*@!34!%*('400/(;0/$*01*$.!((-;<;0/$*01*10;.

++L

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++N

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