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Healthy Cities
Lokhaze AliVisiting Faculty
NICE, SCEE, NUST
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Thought Of The Day
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What is a Healthy City?
• A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential.
• A healthy city is an active city
A healthy city is not one that has achieved a particular health status. Rather, it is a city that is conscious of health and striving to improve it
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The Healthy Cities Program• A long-term international
development initiative• Place health high on the
agendas of decision makers • To promote comprehensive
local strategies for health protection and sustainable development
A Healthy City aims to:• create a health-supportive
environment,• achieve a good quality of life,• provide basic sanitation &
hygiene needs,• supply access to health care.
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Examples of Implementation
• Starting in 1986, the first Healthy Cities programs were launched in developed countries (i.e. Canada, USA, Australia, many European nations).
• Around 1994, developing countries used the resources and implementation strategies of initial successes to begin their own programs.
• Implementation strategies are quite individual by city, though they follow the basic idea of involving many community members, various stakeholders, and commitments of municipal officials to achieve widespread mobilization and efficiency.
• Today, thousands of cities worldwide are part of the Healthy Cities network and exist in all WHO regions in more than 1,000 cities worldwide.
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Evaluation• increasing understanding of
health and environment linkages
• creation of intersectoral partnerships to ensure a sustainable, widespread program
• the commitment of local community members;
• a clear vision;• the ownership of policies;• a wide array of stakeholders;• a process for institutionalizing
the program.
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Some key findings from an analysis of active living in cities
• active living as an important issue for urban planning
• improving visual appeal• creating a more sustainable
transport system• reducing inequality in public
health• promote walking and cycling• prevent obesity among
adults and children• initiate disease prevention
programs
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Public Health Engineers• Engineers need to understand the political, social and economic context of the countries in which they work to deliver public healthinfrastructure successfully.• Urban sanitation infrastructure needs to be prioritized, particularly forinformal settlements.• Decentralized sanitation facilities which do not require centralgovernment funds can improve the local public health involvement.• Public health engineers should monitor air, water and land pollutioncaused by improper waste disposal.• Engineers will need to develop innovations to respond to increasingwater reuse and sustain the water infrastructure.• Public health infrastructure needs to be resilient to the consequencesof climate change.• Planning and policy decisions for different public health sectors needto be coordinated rather than operating separately.
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Challenges of 21st Century
1. Making public health engineering work globally
2.6 billion people do not have access to ‘improved sanitation’
2. Delivering public health infrastructure to informal settlements
This sanitation infrastructure challenge is at its breaking point, with the number of people living in these settlements likely to rise from one-sixth of the world’s population currently to one-third by 2030
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Access to Improved Sanitation
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Challenges of 21st Century
3. Changing the perception of human waste disposal from individual responsibility to public health policy
‘On-site’ toilet facilities are seen by city authorities as an individual responsibility
installing pay-to-use toilets
4. Facing the diverse hazards in the environment
assess hazards and pollutants in all environmental compartments, air, water and land
alert for these new hazardsmonitoring programs and new technology to safeguard the quality of the environment
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Challenges of 21st Century
5. Sustaining public health infrastructure and water resources
develop innovations to respond to increasing water reuse
6. Preparing for climate changeRising sea levels, flooding, extreme weather, drought and many other climate incidents can have
devastating effects in even the most developed countries
7. Coordinating public health engineering tasks and sectors as a coherent environmental system
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Milan’s Bosco Verticale• Milan is one of the most
polluted cities in Europe• Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest)• metropolitan reforestation• two residential towers of 110
and 76 meters height• host 900 trees (each measuring
3, 6 or 9 m tall)• On flat land, each Bosco
Verticale equals, in amount of trees, an area equal to 10.000 sqm of forest.
• Plant irrigation through the filtering and reuse of the grey waters produced by the building
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Masdar City
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Mission
• To create a prototypical and sustainable city where residents and commuters live the highest quality of life with the lowest environmental footprint
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Goals
• To be a benchmark for other cities• To show people to live sustainably• To show businesses how to operate
sustainably• To attract innovation and investment• To be a city where businesses want
to come and people want to live
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Sustainability Metrics
• Zero Carbon• Zero Waste• High Quality of Life
DESIGN PRINCIPLES• Achieve one planet living principles• Emulate traditional Arabic city designs• Realize highest levels of resource efficiency• Improve quality of life in a city (car free, convenient,
compact, safe)• Maximize the benefits of sustainable technologies
through an integrated planning and design approach
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Key FeaturesTransportation• Deploy an integrated
transportation system utilizing personal rapid transit system which, together with pedestrian and public transit methods, will move people, goods, and emergency services in a multi-level, barrier-free environment.
• Build a city where people can live and work without the need for personal vehicle.
• Create the World’s first carbon-neutral and emission-free large-scale transportation system.
Energy• Achieve Carbon Neutrality from
day one with a target of Zero Carbon
• Exceed world class standards for energy efficiency
• Lead the World with the demonstration of technology to reduce energy consumption
• Supply 100% of energy needs using state-of-the-art renewable energy technologies (e.g., photovoltaics, concentrating solar power, waste to energy)
• Supply renewable energy to the grid to provide regional carbon reduction benefits.
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Key FeaturesWaste• Provide an environment that
enables a zero waste lifestyle through the reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste materials
• Promote behaviors that achieve a zero waste lifestyle
• Maximize the elimination of waste with the ultimate goal of zero waste to landfills
• Stimulate local and regional markets for material reuse and the provision of recycled feedstock for industry: cradle-to-cradle flow of materials
• Utilize organic and residual waste for energy production and compost
• Target 90% waste diversion from landfills during construction.
Water• Reduce domestic water
consumption to 80 liters per capita per day compared to 120 to 180 liters per capita per day for other high performing systems.
• Utilize a broad array of water use reduction technologies including high efficiency appliances, grey and black water recycling, landscaping with low water use native plants, seawater greenhouses, des catchers, and rainwater recovery.
• Minimize the need for desalination as a source of water
• Maximize use of local water resources
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PlanningImprove Microclimate using• Well distributed green spaces• Continuous garden arteries• Maximized street shading• Traditional wind towersEnhance mobility and access using• Personal Rapid Transit PRT system• Future local and regional mass transportation system connections• Dynamic spine organizationIntegrate services and functions (housing, retail, civic, educational and workplace)• Digital facilities and municipal services management• Regional resource management (waste, water, energy and
transportation)
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Balochistan
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Assignment No. 1Ideas for creating a shared vision for
healthy active city
1. Look into the futureIt is 20 years from nowour city has just won a national award for being a healthy, active cityOr Imagine you are in a hot-air balloon 15 years from nowOur city is known to be an ideal place for active living by all
2. Describe what you see.Observe the total scene.Check out modes of transport. Draw what you see or write it down in short descriptive sentences.3. Look backwards.“If this were the future, and this vision has happened, what was done?”“How did we get this outcome?”
