HCMUT Training-1_Unconventional Gas

7/23/2019 HCMUT Training-1_Unconventional Gas

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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

UNCONVENTIONAL GASUNCONVENTIONAL GAS

RESOURCESRESOURCES

DEPT. OF ENERGY & RESOURCES ENG.CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

17 Feb. 2012 (Fri.)17 Feb. 2012 (Fri.)

Lectured byLectured by JeonghwanJeonghwan Lee,Lee, Prof.Prof.


IntroductionIntroduction

Definition / ClassificationDefinition / Classification

Characteristics / Background of GrowthCharacteristics / Background of Growth

Unconventional Gas ResourcesUnconventional Gas Resources

Coal Bed Methane (Coal Seam Gas)Coal Bed Methane (Coal Seam Gas)

Gas HydrateGas Hydrate

Shale Gas / Tight GasShale Gas / Tight Gas

ContentsContentsContents


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Unconventional Resources is:

Resources (of oil and gas) that have been by passed

(cannot be produced) by conventional recoverytechnology (of oil and gas).

Why?

Required more advanced techniques other than

the conventional methods to be extracted Not economically feasible to be developed

DefinitionDefinitionDefinition


Conventional Gas Reservoirs

Sandstone, Limestone, Dolomite

Condensate Oil Reservoirs

Oil Reservoirs

Gas Cap, Solution Gas

Coal Bed Methane

Gas Hydrate

Shale Gas

Tight Gas Sands

Oil Sand

Oil Shale

Conventional Unconventional

Classification of ResourcesClassification of ResourcesClassification of Resources

Technically Recoverable Gas Reserve: 131 ~2693 TCF

Original Gas in place: 1804 ~ 5600 TCF


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Conventional Resources

High to low permeability (downuntil 1 md)

Typical reservoi r fluid (dry gas,wet gas, retrograde gas, volatileoil, black oil)

Typical reservoir rocks(sandstone, limestone, etc.)

Typical production schemes(primary, secondary, or tertiaryrecovery)

Unconventional Resources

Very low to very low permeability(less than 0.1 md)

Unusual reservoir fluid (adsorbedgas, very viscous black oil , tarsands,etc.)

Unusual reservoir rocks (shale,hydrate formation, coal, etc.)

Unusual production schemes(depressurization, open pitexcavation and heating, etc.)

Comparison of ResourcesComparison of ResourcesComparison of Resources


Resources Availability Point of View

Depletion of exist ing conventional resources

Lack of new conventional resource findings

Technology Point of View

Advancement in oil and gas extraction techniques

Economy Point of View Recent high price of oil and gas

Why Unconventional Resources ?Why Unconventional Resources ?Why Unconventional Resources ?


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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY- 6 -

Wood Mackenzie

Characteristics of Unconventional GasCharacteristics of Unconventional Gas

Enormous Reserves

High energy price & difficult ies in recovery technology

Horizontal Well

Multiple racturing

Past

Present

Future


Oil shock in1970

Commercial production in 1980

Application of new technology in 1998(Rapid growth in industry)

Increasing the NG price after 2000

Production increase of unconventional gas

Background of GrowthBackground of Growth


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66tcm

$5

$0.5~$6

55tcm

180tcm

380tcm

$2.7~$8

Unconventional gas-> Stabilization of natural gas

source : EIA 2009

110tcm

Production cost in unconventional gasProduction cost in unconventional gas

$2.7~$9

90tcm


source : EIA

Demand forecast of Worldwide LNG MarketDemand forecast of Worldwide LNG Market


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Total production rate

Source : EIA, 2009

Forecast for Gas Production in USForecast for Gas Production in US


Unconventional Gas ResourcesUnconventional Gas Resources

CoalCoal--BedBed MethaneMethane

Tight GasTight Gas

Shale GasShale GasGas (Methane) HydratesGas (Methane) Hydrates

Unconventional Oil ResourcesUnconventional Oil Resources

Oil SandsOil Sands

OilOil ShaleShale

Unconventional PlaysUnconventional PlaysUnconventional Plays


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CBM is natural gas which is generated duringCBM is natural gas which is generated during

the formation of coal and trapped inside thethe formation of coal and trapped inside the

coal seams.coal seams.

Gas is trapped in the formation by adsorptionGas is trapped in the formation by adsorption

onto the surface of coal matrix.onto the surface of coal matrix.

Extraction method:Extraction method:

Depressurization by producing water out of theDepressurization by producing water out of the

coal seamscoal seams

Unconventional Play Example

Coalbed MethaneUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example

CoalbedCoalbed MethaneMethane


Example of Production WellExample of Production Well

Typical Production Profi le


Coalbed MethaneUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example

CoalbedCoalbed MethaneMethane


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Shale gas is natural gas which is generatedShale gas is natural gas which is generated

within shale formation with rich organic content.within shale formation with rich organic content.

Gas is trapped in the formation either in theGas is trapped in the formation either in the

pore spaces, natural fractures, or by adsorptionpore spaces, natural fractures, or by adsorption

to the organic material.to the organic material.


Formation stimulation by hydraulic fracturingFormation stimulation by hydraulic fracturing


Shale GasUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example

Shale GasShale Gas



Shale GasUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example

Shale GasShale Gas


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Gas hydrates is crystal water sol ids with similarGas hydrates is crystal water sol ids with similarstructure to ice which has gas molecules inside.structure to ice which has gas molecules inside.

Gas molecules is trapped in the hydratesGas molecules is trapped in the hydrates cagecage--likelikehydrogenhydrogen--bonded water molecules.bonded water molecules.


DepressurizationDepressurization

Thermal stimulationThermal stimulation

Inhibitor injectionInhibitor injection

Guest molecule exchange (via COGuest molecule exchange (via CO22 injection)injection)


Gas HydratesUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example

Gas HydratesGas Hydrates


Trapped gas molecules inside the

hydrogen-bonded water molecules of gas

hydrates

Burning gas hydrates releases methane which fueled the fire and

water, as seen dripping from the persons hand


Gas HydratesUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example

Gas HydratesGas Hydrates

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HCMUT Training-1_Unconventional Gas