HCI notes-03by Raja Jamilah. HCI notes-03by Raja Jamilah Human and Technology

HCI notes-03 by Raja Jamilah


Human and Technology


Content

• Input devices• Output devices• Interaction Styles• Designing Windows

Systems• User Support and On-

line Information• Designing for Virtual

Environment


Input devices have to be:

• Matches physiological and psychological characteristics of users eg elderly, inexperienced users, disabled

• Appropriate for the tasks to be performed eg. Drawing, cooking

• Suitable for intended work and environment eg. Speech and sound for noisy environment?


Also:

• Simple and easy to use• Need appropriate system feedback to

– guide– reassure– inform– correct error


The Hand to Input data


The keyboard


The Half Qwerty


Picture of a person wearing the half Qwerty

Can you think of its usage?


Castanets

For what purpose?


Picture of key arrangement

Can you guest the usage?

Does is have a good affordance?


Pen Computing, GRIGRI - in French means scribble

For what?


Radar image, touch sensitive

(finger or pen)


Faster usage using original manual symbols


Implemented on system


Other means of input

• Eye movement• The foot• Facial expression• Speech and sound


Eye

• Device detecting the eye looking at a certain position• giving an appropriate response such as:

– popping up the menu selection for using the system,

– detecting relative direction of the eye gaze for aircraft pilots


Head

• Movement to show relative position of head in virtual reality environment using the helmet


The Foot

• Sewing machine


Speech and Sound

• Speech recognition - Isolated speech, continuos speech

• Eg of usage: To help telephone operators• Problems:

– interference of background noise– similar sounds/words

• Speaker-in/dependent systems


Output devices


Output Devices

• Convert information from the internal system to a form perceptible by a human

• most common >> visual and 2 dimensional


Visualisation

• Fish Eye• multidimensional information space• Overview of information• 1 D linear Data• 2 D• 3 D


Examples

• Geographical Information System (GIS) data and environmental models for visualizing design proposals to study the environmental impact of these

• visualization for assisting the control of urban design by planning authorities and studying the impact of proposed developments [2].

• on the study of electromagnetic to enable students to visualize what is invisible (e.g., voltages, currents, approach proved to be a great instructional aid to students who sometimes have a difficult time connecting theory and measurement.


Fish Eye View


Fish Eye View


Sound

• For visually impaired– use sound to direct users to an object




Interaction styles


4 types of interaction styles

• Menu and navigation• form-fills and spreadsheets• Natural Language• Command Entry• direct manipulation


Menu

• Single, binary, pop-up, pull-down, pie, tree, linear

PULAU LANGKAWIJOHOR BAHARUKOTA BAHARUTAMAN NEGARAKUALASELANGORKUANTAN

BANDARMELAKAAIR KEROHAIR HITAMBATU PAHATIPOHKUALA LUMPUR

ALOR SETARBEHRANGGURUNGOPENGPULAU KAPASPULAU TIOMANKANGAR

[OK] [BATAL]



Item presentation

• Alphabetic• Grouping of related items• Most frequently used• functional• random


Form Fillin

• Elements:– meaningful title– comprehensible instructions– Logical grouping and sequencing of fields– neat layout– familiar labels, consistent terminology – visible space and boundaries


Command Language

• Eg. View the list of files and folders – MS DOS - dir – UNIX - list

• Good if: – consistent argument ordering– keyword– hierarchically structured– good abbreviation


Natural Language

• Give instructions to system and system response• natural language queries, text-database searching• advanture and educational games


Direct manipulation

• An interaction style, letting users manipulate things as if in the real world without an intermediary

• Eg.word processors,spreadsheet, videogames,CAD/M(Computer Aided Design/Manufacturing), office automation

• problems visual representation not good, learn meaning, misleading, slower


Remote Direct manipulation

• Typical application: – telemedicine - see human body, tissues under

microscope– underwater, space– home-automation control

• problems:– time delay, incomplete feedback, feedback from

multiple sources, interferences


Constraints

• Physical• semantic - depend on users knowledge• cultural - one representation of object may mean

differently in different parts of the world• logical - order, position and location


Designing Windowing systems


What is a window?

• Rectangular display that can be moved, sized and rendered independently on the display screen


Types of windows

• Tiling• cascading• overlapping


Window components

• Menus• Control Widgets - buttons, sliders, checkboxes,

listboxes • Scroll bar


•The list box control is a complete solution for creating scrolling lists.•Scroll bars allow users to view areas of a document or a list that is larger than can fit into the current window.•The edit text field (also known as a "text entry field") is a rectangular area in which the user enters text or modifies existing text.•The tab control provides a convenient way to present information in a multi-page format.


Tab control

Text field

List box


Menus


Control widgets


radiobuttons


Sliders


Dialog boxes

• Movable Modal Dialog Boxes • Modal Dialog Boxes • Alert Boxes

• Modeless Dialog Boxes


A modal dialog box puts the user in the state (or "mode") of being able to work only inside the dialog box. It temporarily suspends all other user actions in an application and forces the user to make decisions and respond to the dialog.

Modal Dialog


Movable modal dialog

• A movable modal dialog box is a modal dialog box with a title bar which allows the user to move the

dialog box.


Alert boxes• Alert boxes are special types of modal dialog boxes.

Alert boxes display messages to users to inform them of situations that may be particularly notable or dangerous, along with an icon that signifies the degree of severity of the alert message.


Modeless

• Modeless dialog boxes allow users to repeat an action as many times as necessary while the dialog box remains open. This feature is useful for tasks such as finding and replacing text in a word

processor or numbers in a spreadsheet.


Examples of dialog boxes on Microsoft Windows, Macintosh and CDE platforms


Examples of Alert boxes on Microsoft Windows, Macintosh and CDE platforms


Personal Role Managers

• Next generation user interface• emphasize on users instead of documents• working in a given role• task objects:

– vision statement– set of people– task hierarchy– schedule


PRM


PRM


Designing to save space






User Support and On-line information


User Support

• Minimalist instruction- reduce information for users to read using a system

• the training wheel- skip the complex function for novices

• the scenario machine - guidance for novices to learn a new system at an early stage


Online system

• Telephone - more assurance and give confident to new users

• Hypertext and Hypermedia– give an overview of information– agents– problem solving activities


Virtual Environment


Issues on virtual reality

• spatial orientation and wayfinding in virtual worlds, designing the virtual world to leverage on human perceptual abilities, not just striving for photo- realism,

• affordances for travelling from one virtual location to another, directed or browsing, and for acting in the environment,

• designing the controlling inputs to take advantage of human physical abilities (and adapt to disabilities),


Cont.

• evaluating VE interfaces, experiences with usability testing of whole systems,

• appreciating the interdependence between task features and interface design,

• understanding the dimensions of usefulness and complexity for VE interfaces.


Technologies

• Visual display• head-position sensing• hand-position sensing• Force feedback• sound input-output• other sensation• cooperative and competitive virtual reality

Documents

HCI notes-03by Raja Jamilah. HCI notes-03by Raja Jamilah Human and Technology