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Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

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Page 1: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism

Sarah Shapiro

Page 2: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Background: Plate Tectonics

Page 3: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Hot Spots of the World

Page 4: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Hot Spot Track

Page 5: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Pacific Hot Spot Tracks

Page 6: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Hawaii: What a load…

Page 7: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Lithospheric Flexure

Watts and Zhong, 2000

Page 8: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Seismicity of Hawaii (1990-2001)

Page 9: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Volcanic Earthquakes

USGS: Volcanic earthquakes

“Tornillos”

Swarms(new fractures are forming)

Volcanic Tremor – low freq. vibrations (due to moving magma)

Page 10: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Magma Plumbing from Microearthquakes

Ryan et al., 1981

Page 11: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro
Page 12: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Surface Geology

Page 13: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

So why am I talking about all of this?

Page 14: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

My Research: GPR

Page 15: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Equipment

We used a Sensors and Software Pulse Ekko 100, which was equipped with 50, 100, and 200 MHz antennae

Targets included: beach sands nearshore lava flows well-developed soil covers lava tubes major fault zones

Page 16: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

GPR Basics: Acquisition

GPR surveys on the Big Island of Hawaii, in conjunction with SES Semester in Hawaii program

Reflection Mode

Common Mid Point

Page 17: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

GPR Basics: Penetration

Increasing Penetration

Increasing Conductivity

Page 18: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Why does this matter?

Page 19: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

The Hilana Fault Issue

Cannon and Burgmann, 2001

Page 20: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Models of Hilina Fault Geometry

Cannon et al., 2001

Page 21: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Morgan et al, 2000

Models of Hilina Fault Geometry

Page 22: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Tsunami Potential

Page 23: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

GPS Measured Motion

Courtesy J. Kauahekaua

Page 24: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Pali Uli

Page 25: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Groundwater

Page 26: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

3D Lava Stratigraphy

Page 27: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Lava Tubes

Known lava tubes

GPR surveys above known

lava tubes

Page 28: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

Sampling lava flows

Page 29: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

I cant complain!

Page 30: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

In conclusion....