HASAN'S SEMANTIK

8/7/2019 HASAN'S SEMANTIK

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AssalamuAssalamu alaikumalaikumWarohmatullohiWarohmatullohi

WabarokatuhWabarokatuh

We are the 10We are the 10ththGroupGroup

Hasan Anwar SajaliHasan Anwar SajaliIsrofil RitongaIsrofil Ritonga

Anni MarianaAnni Mariana

Andika pratamaAndika pratama


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Semantic n PragmaticSemantic n Pragmatic


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ContentsContents

1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION 2. THEORICAL ANALYSIS2. THEORICAL ANALYSIS

2.1 REFERENCE2.1 REFERENCE 2.2 SENSE2.2 SENSE

A. SightA. Sight B. HearingB. Hearing C. TasteC. Taste D. SmellD. Smell E. TouchE. Touch

2.3 SENTENCE2.3 SENTENCEComponentsof SentenceComponentsof SentenceClauseClause

-- ClassificationClassificationa. By Structurea. By Structureb. By Purposeb. By Purpose

-- Majorand Minor SentencesMajorand Minor Sentences 2.4 UTTERANCE2.4 UTTERANCE 2.5 PROPOSITION2.5 PROPOSITION

a. Definitiona. Definitionb. Discussionb. Discussion

3. CONCLUSION3. CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Lexically, semantics is scientific study of meaning inLexically, semantics is scientific study of meaning inlanguagelanguage

Semantics as a subfield of linguistics is the study ofSemantics as a subfield of linguistics is the study ofmeaning in language. Semantics deals with the meaning ofmeaning in language. Semantics deals with the meaning ofwords, and how the meaning of sentences is derived fromwords, and how the meaning of sentences is derived from

them. In order to understand what meaning in language is,them. In order to understand what meaning in language is,it is important to realize that it is a multifacetedit is important to realize that it is a multifacetedphenomenon; differently aspects of meaning need to bephenomenon; differently aspects of meaning need to beexplained in different ways, so they are studied differentlyexplained in different ways, so they are studied differentlyand are governed by difficult theories before we can talkand are governed by difficult theories before we can talkabout word meanings as dictionary definitions, aabout word meanings as dictionary definitions, aclarification about the use of dictionaries is necessary.clarification about the use of dictionaries is necessary.

Thistime will be done in a week by using Englishasthe mediuminThistime will be done in a week by using Englishasthe mediuminelaborating the giftand understanding ofsemantics deeply,elaborating the giftand understanding ofsemantics deeply,especially the nation in semanticstudy. And itisaimto know theespecially the nation in semanticstudy. And itisaimto know thedifference of basic nation in Angkola (South Tapanuli)and Englishdifference of basic nation in Angkola (South Tapanuli)and Englishlanguages.languages.


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THEORICAL ANALYSISTHEORICAL ANALYSIS

REFERENCEREFERENCE

SENSESENSE

SENTENCESENTENCE UTTERANCEUTTERANCE

PROPOSITIONPROPOSITION


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REFERENCEREFERENCE

InIn semanticssemantics, reference is generally construed asthe relationships, reference is generally construed asthe relationships

betweenbetween nounsnouns ororpronounspronouns and objectsthatare named by them.and objectsthatare named by them.

SUBJECTSUBJECT OBJECTOBJECT POSS. ADJEC

TIVEPOSS. ADJECTIVE POSS. PRONOUNPOSS. PRONOUN

II --AUAU MeMe --auau My.My.--...ku...ku MineMine --punakkupunakku

WEWE --HITAHITA UsUs --hitahita OurOur--hitahita OursOurs --punattapunatta

YOUYOU --HAMUHAMU YouYou --hamuhamu

Your..Your..--mumu YoursYours --punamupunamu

THEYTHEY --HALAHIHALAHI ThemThem --halahihalahi

Their..Their..--nihalahinihalahi TheirsTheirs --puna nipuna nihalahihalahi

HEHE --LIANLIAN HimHim lianlian His.His.--nisiliannisilian HisHis --puna nisipuna nisi

lianlian

SHESHE --DIKOTDIKOT HerHer --dikotdikot

HerHer--.nisi.nisidikotdikot

HersHers --puna nisipuna nisidikotdikot

ITIT --ANU/AHAANU/AHA

ItIt --anu/aanu/ahaha

Its..Its..--.nisi.nisianu/ahaanu/aha

ItsIts --puna nisipuna nisianu/ahaanu/aha

ADEADE -- ADEADE AdeAde -- AdeAde AdesAdes--siAdesiAde AdesAdes --punasiAdepunasiAde


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Base on semantic, Englishsign can be considered asubsetofamoreBase on semantic, Englishsign can be considered asubsetofamoregeneralconcept, thegeneralconcept, the linguisticsignlinguisticsign, firstelucidated by, firstelucidated by Ferdinand deFerdinand deSaussureSaussure.Asign containstwo parts, the.Asign containstwo parts, the signifiedsignified (athoughtwhich(athoughtwhichrepresentsan object), and therepresentsan object), and the signifiersignifier (the sound or written word). Both(the sound or written word). Bothhave areferent(the actual physicalobject).have areferent(the actual physicalobject).

The sign isa building block fortextsthatsuppliessound and meaning. TheThe sign isa building block fortextsthatsuppliessound and meaning. The

smallestbuilding blockiscalled asmallestbuilding blockiscalled amorphememorpheme and may beand may be lexicallexical (or(orreferential, carrying alexical/encyclopedicmeaning, i.e.refertorealreferential, carrying alexical/encyclopedicmeaning, i.e.refertoreal--lifelifeentities). Thiskind of extraentities). Thiskind of extra--linguisticreference iscalledlinguisticreference iscalled deixisdeixis aftera Greekaftera Greekword meaning "to point". In contrast, grammaticalmorphemes expressword meaning "to point". In contrast, grammaticalmorphemes expressreference tomore abstractcategoriessuchastime (reference tomore abstractcategoriessuchastime (tensetense)orlocation)orlocation((locativelocative).Certain partsofspeech existonly in orderto expressreference,).Certain partsofspeech existonly in orderto expressreference,viz.viz.anaphoraanaphora, i.e.typically, i.e.typically pronounspronouns. The subsetofreflexives. The subsetofreflexivesreflexivereflexiveexpresscoexpressco--reference ofreference ofagentagent (actor)and patient (acted(actor)and patient (acted--upon), asin "Theupon), asin "Theman washed himself".man washed himself".

Butin Angkola, there is no exchangsof pronoun in subject, object, andButin Angkola, there is no exchangsof pronoun in subject, object, andpossesive casesin indicating the same referencesascan be seen on thepossesive casesin indicating the same referencesascan be seen on thetable above.table above.


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SENSESENSE

A. SIGHTA. SIGHT

B. HEARINGB. HEARING

C. TASTEC. TASTE D. SMELLD. SMELL

E. TOUCHE. TOUCH


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A. SIGHTA. SIGHT

SightSight ororvisionvision isthe ability ofthe brainisthe ability ofthe brainand eye to detect electromagnetic wavesand eye to detect electromagnetic waves

within the visible range (within the visible range (lightlight)interpreting)interpretingthe image as "sight."the image as "sight."


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B. HEARINGB. HEARING

HearingHearing ororauditionaudition isthe sense ofisthe sense ofsoundsound perception. Since sound isperception. Since sound isvi

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suchasair, the detection ofthesesuchasair, the detection ofthesevibrations, thatisthe sense ofthevibrations, thatisthe sense ofthehearing, isamechanicalsense akin toahearing, isamechanicalsense akin toa

sense oftouch, albeitavery specializedsense oftouch, albeitavery specializedone.one.


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C. TASTEC. TASTE

TasteTaste ororgestationgestation isone ofthe twomainisone ofthe twomain"chemical" senses. There are atleast fourtypes"chemical" senses. There are atleast fourtypesoftastesthat"buds" (receptors)on theoftastesthat"buds" (receptors)on the tonguetongue

detect, and hence there are anatomists whodetect, and hence there are anatomists whoargue[argue[citation neededcitation needed] thatthese constitute five] thatthese constitute fiveormore differentsenses, given thateachormore differentsenses, given thateachreceptorconveysinformation toaslightlyreceptorconveysinformation toaslightlydifferentregion ofthe brain[differentregion ofthe brain[citation neededcitation needed].].The inability totaste iscalledThe inability totaste iscalled ageusiaageusia..


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D. SMELLD. SMELL

SmellSmell ororolfactionolfaction isthe other "chemical" sense. Unlikeisthe other "chemical" sense. Unliketaste, there are hundredsofolfactory receptors, eachtaste, there are hundredsofolfactory receptors, eachbinding toa particularmolecular feature. Odourbinding toa particularmolecular feature. Odourmolecules possessavariety of featuresand thus excitemolecules possessavariety of featuresand thus excite

specificreceptorsmore orlessstrongly. Thisspecificreceptorsmore orlessstrongly. Thiscombination of excitatory signals from differentcombination of excitatory signals from differentreceptorsmakesup what we perceive asthe molecule'sreceptorsmakesup what we perceive asthe molecule'ssmell. In the brain, olfaction is processed by thesmell. In the brain, olfaction is processed by theolfactory systemolfactory system..Olfactory receptor neuronsOlfactory receptor neurons in thein the nosenose

differ frommostother neuronsin thatthey die anddiffer frommostother neuronsin thatthey die andregenerate on aregular basis. The inability tosmellisregenerate on aregular basis. The inability tosmelliscalledcalled anosmiaanosmia..


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E. TOUCHE. TOUCH

TouchTouch, alsocalled, alsocalled tactitiontactition,, mechanoreceptionmechanoreception ororsomatic sensationsomatic sensation, isthe sense of, isthe sense ofpressurepressureperception, generally in theperception, generally in the skinskin. There are avariety of. There are avariety ofnerve endingsnerve endings thatrespond tovariationsin pressurethatrespond tovariationsin pressure(e.g., firm, brushing, and sustained). The inability to feel(e.g., firm, brushing, and sustained). The inability to feelanything oralmostanything iscalledanything oralmostanything iscalled anesthesiaanesthesia..ParesthesiaParesthesia isaisasensationsensation oftingling, pricking, oroftingling, pricking, ornumbnessnumbness ofaofapersonperson's'sskinskin with noapparentlong termwith noapparentlong term

physical effect.physical effect.


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Anu (it)is defined in to five senses:Anu (it)is defined in to five senses:

Thing :animal; fish, bird, reptil (on relevance)Thing :animal; fish, bird, reptil (on relevance)

Thing :animal;mamalia, nonThing :animal;mamalia, non--mamalia (on relevance)mamalia (on relevance)

Thing :animal;live in waterand land. (on relevance)Thing :animal;live in waterand land. (on relevance)

Thing :land, water, plants, air, stone, etc. (on relevance)Thing :land, water, plants, air, stone, etc. (on relevance)

Thing :life thing and nonThing :life thing and non--life thing (on relevance)life thing (on relevance)

There is no differece in sensing case bothof Englishand AngkThere is no differece in sensing case bothof Englishand Angk


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SENTENCESSENTENCES

InIn linguisticslinguistics, a, asentencesentence isa grammaticalunitofone ormoreisa grammaticalunitofone ormorewords, bearing minimalsyntacticrelation tothe wordsthatwords, bearing minimalsyntacticrelation tothe wordsthatprecede or follow it, often preceded and followed in speechprecede or follow it, often preceded and followed in speechby pauses, having one ofasmall numberofcharacteristicby pauses, having one ofasmall numberofcharacteristicintonation patterns, and typically expressing an independentintonation patterns, and typically expressing an independent

statement, question, request, command, etc.statement, question, request, command, etc.[1][1] SentencesSentencesare generally characterized in mostlanguages by theare generally characterized in mostlanguages by thepresence ofapresence ofafinite verbfinite verb, e.g. ", e.g. "The quick brown fox jumpsThe quick brown fox jumpsoverthe lazy dogoverthe lazy dog".".

Componentsof SentenceComponentsof SentenceClauseClause

-- ClassificationClassificationa. By Structurea. By Structureb. By Purposeb. By Purpose

-- Majorand Minor SentencesMajorand Minor Sentences


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Componentsof SentenceComponentsof Sentence

AsimpleAsimple complete sentencecomplete sentence consistsofaconsistsofasubjectsubject and aand apredicatepredicate. The subjectistypically a. The subjectistypically anoun phrasenoun phrase, though, thoughotherkindsof phrases (suchasotherkindsof phrases (suchasgerundgerund phrases) workasphrases) workaswell, and some languagesallow subjectsto be omitted.well, and some languagesallow subjectsto be omitted.

The predicate isa finiteThe predicate isa finite verb phraseverb phrase:it'sa finite verb:it'sa finite verbtogether withzeroormoretogether withzeroormore objectsobjects, zeroormore, zeroormorecomplementscomplements, and zeroormore, and zeroormore adverbialsadverbials. See also. See alsocopulacopula forthe consequencesofthisverbon the theoryforthe consequencesofthisverbon the theoryofsentence structure.ofsentence structure.

Asa grammatical unit, Englishhas formulaoftimesin 16Asa grammatical unit, Englishhas formulaoftimesin 16tenses. Otherhands, Angkola, showsthose timestenses. Otherhands, Angkola, showsthose times(adverboftimes)laxly (withouttaking care the place,(adverboftimes)laxly (withouttaking care the place,exchanges, and simply).exchanges, and simply).


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CLAUSECLAUSE

AA clauseclause consistsconsists ofofaa subjectsubject andand aa verbverb..ThereThere areare twotwo typestypes ofof clausesclauses::independentindependent andand subordinatesubordinate

(dependent)(dependent).. AnAn independentindependent clauseclauseconsistsconsists ofof aa subjectsubject verbverb andand alsoalsodemonstratesdemonstrates aa completecomplete thoughtthought:: forforexample,example, "I"I amam sadsad.."" AA subordinatesubordinate clauseclauseconsistsconsists ofof aa subjectsubject andand aa verb,verb, butbutdemonstratesdemonstrates anan incompleteincomplete thoughtthought:: forforexample,example, "Because"Because II hadhad toto movemove..""


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-- CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

a.a. By StructureBy Structure

b. By Purposeb. By Purpose


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BYSTRUCTUREBYSTRUCTURE

One traditionalscheme forclassifyingOne traditionalscheme forclassifying EnglishEnglish sentencessentencesis by the numberand typesofis by the numberand typesoffinitefinite clausesclauses::

AAsimple sentencesimple sentence consistsofasingleconsistsofasingle independentindependentclauseclause with nowith nodependentclausesdependentclauses..

II havehave a boyfrienda boyfriend ( S+P+O )( S+P+O ) Sayamempunyaikekasih ( S+P+O )Sayamempunyaikekasih ( S+P+O ) Adong gandakkuAdong gandakku ( P+O+S )( P+O+S )

AAcompound sentencecompound sentence consistsofmultiple independentconsistsofmultiple independentclauses with no dependentclauses. These clausesareclauses with no dependentclauses. These clausesarejoined togetherusingjoined togetherusing conjunctionsconjunctions,, punctuationpunctuation, or both., or both. I have a bag, dictionary and book.I have a bag, dictionary and book. ( S+P+O )( S+P+O ) Sayamempunyaitas, kamus dan buku.Sayamempunyaitas, kamus dan buku. ( S+P+O )( S+P+O ) Adong tas, kamus dohotbukukku.Adong tas, kamus dohotbukukku. ( P+O+S )( P+O+S )


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AAcomplex sentencecomplex sentence consists of one or more independent clauses withatconsists of one or more independent clauses withatleast one dependent clause.least one dependent clause. I have a bag, dictionary and book where I save inmy room. ( IND+D )I have a bag, dictionary and book where I save inmy room. ( IND+D ) Saya mempunyai tas, kamus danbuku yang Saya simpandiruanganku. ( IND+DSaya mempunyai tas, kamus danbuku yang Saya simpan diruanganku. ( IND+D

))

Adong tas, kamus dohot bukukkunaau simpan diruanganku. ( IND+D )Adong tas, kamus dohot bukukkunaau simpan diruanganku. ( IND+D )

AAcomplexcomplex--compound sentencecompound sentence (or(or compoundcompound--complex sentencecomplex sentence) consists) consistsof multiple independent clauses, at least one of whichhasat least oneof multiple independent clauses, at least one of whichhasat least onedependent clause.dependent clause. I have a bag, dictionary and book where I save inmy roomand I aminwith myI have a bag, dictionary and book where I save inmy roomand I aminwith my

young brother every night. ( IND+D )young brother every night. ( IND+D ) Saya mempunyai tas, kamus danbuku yang Saya simpan diruanganku danSaya mempunyai tas, kamus danbuku yang Saya simpan diruanganku dan

saya berada dikamar bersamaadikku setiapmalam. ( IND+D )saya berada dikamar bersamaadikku setiapmalam. ( IND+D )

Adong tas, kamus dohot bukukkunaau simpan diruanganku, disi doau dohotAdong tas, kamus dohot bukukkunaau simpan diruanganku, disi doau dohotanggikku satiopborngin. ( IND+D )anggikku satiopborngin. ( IND+D )


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BYPURPOSEBYPURPOSE

Sentencescan also be classified based on their purpose:Sentencescan also be classified based on their purpose: AA declarative sentencedeclarative sentence oror declarationdeclaration, the mostcommon type,, the mostcommon type,

commonly makesastatement:commonly makesastatement: I am going homeI am going home ( S+P+O )( S+P+O ) Sayaakan pulang ( S+P+O )Sayaakan pulang ( S+P+O )

GotmulakauGotmulakau ( P+S )( P+S ) AA negative sentencenegative sentence orornegationnegation deniesthatastatementistrue:deniesthatastatementistrue:

I am notgoing home.I am notgoing home. ( S+not+P+O )( S+not+P+O ) Sayatidakakan pulangSayatidakakan pulang ( S+tidak+P+O )( S+tidak+P+O ) Na gotmulakau.Na gotmulakau. ( not+P+S )( not+P+S )

AnAn interrogative sentenceinterrogative sentence ororquestionquestion iscommonly used torequestiscommonly used torequest

information, butsometimes not;information, butsometimes not;seesee rhetorical questionrhetorical question.. When are you going to work?When are you going to work? ( QW+S+P)( QW+S+P) Kapan kamuakan pergi bekerja?Kapan kamuakan pergi bekerja? ( QW+S+P)( QW+S+P) Andigan do getkarejohamu?Andigan do getkarejohamu? ( QW+P+S )( QW+P+S )


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AnAn exclamatory sentenceexclamatory sentence ororexclamationexclamation isisgenerally a more emphatic form of statement:generally a more emphatic form of statement: What a wonderful day is today.What a wonderful day is today. ( Prhase+P+S )( Prhase+P+S )

Betapa indahnyahari ini.Betapa indahnyahari ini. ( Prhase+P+S )( Prhase+P+S ) Na jogi mahari sadarion bah.Na jogi mahari sadarion bah. ( Prhase+S+P)( Prhase+S+P)

AnAn imperative sentenceimperative sentence oror commandcommand tellstellssomeone to do something:someone to do something: Go to work at 7:30Go to work at 7:30

tomorrow morning.tomorrow morning. Go to work at 7:30 tomorrowGo to work at 7:30 tomorrow ( Verb+adv)( Verb+adv)

Pergi bekerja jam 7:30besok.Pergi bekerja jam 7:30besok. ( Verb+adv)( Verb+adv)

Karejoho jam 7:30 atcogot.Karejoho jam 7:30 atcogot. ( Verb+S+Adv )( Verb+S+Adv )


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-- Majorand Minor SentencesMajorand Minor Sentences

Amajorsentence isaAmajorsentence isaregularregular sentence;ithasasentence;ithasasubjectsubjectand aand apredicatepredicate. For example:. For example: I have a ball.Ihave a ball. In thisIn thissentence one can change the persons:sentence one can change the persons: We have a ball.We have a ball.However, aminorsentence isan irregulartype ofHowever, aminorsentence isan irregulartype of

sentence.Itdoes notcontain a finite verb. For example,sentence.Itdoes notcontain a finite verb. For example,"Mary!" "Yes." "Coffee." etc. Other examplesofminor"Mary!" "Yes." "Coffee." etc. Other examplesofminorsentencesare headings (e.g.the headingofthis entry),sentencesare headings (e.g.the headingofthis entry),stereotyped expressions (stereotyped expressions (Hello!Hello!), emotional expressions), emotional expressions((Wow!Wow!), proverbs, etc. Thiscan alsoinclude sentences), proverbs, etc. Thiscan alsoinclude sentences

which do notcontain verbs (e.g.which do notcontain verbs (e.g. The more, the merrier.The more, the merrier.))in ordertointensify the meaningaround the nounsin ordertointensify the meaningaround the nouns(normally found in poetry and catchphrases)(normally found in poetry and catchphrases)[2][2]..


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UTTERANCEUTTERANCE

AnAn utteranceutterance isacomplete unitofisacomplete unitofspeechspeech inin spoken languagespoken language. Itis. Itisgenerally butnotalways bounded by silence.generally butnotalways bounded by silence.

Itcan beItcan be representedrepresented and delineated inand delineated in written languagewritten language in manyin manyways. Note thatutterances do notexistin written language, onlyways. Note thatutterances do notexistin written language, onlytheirtheir representationsrepresentations do.do. Speech actSpeech act isatechnicalterminisatechnicaltermin

linguisticslinguistics and theand the philosophy oflanguagephilosophy oflanguage.Precise conceptionsvary,.Precise conceptionsvary,butvery roughly any meaningfulbutvery roughly any meaningfulutteranceutterance countsasaspeechact.countsasaspeechact.

Directin speech.Directin speech.He says Ill goto MedanHe says Ill goto MedanDia berkata Sayaakan pergike MedanDia berkata Sayaakan pergike Medan

Idokon ia gotkehe maautu MedanIdokon ia gotkehe maautu Medan


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PROPOSITIONPROPOSITION

A. DefinitionA. DefinitionA proposition isthatpartoftheA proposition isthatpartofthemeaning ofameaning ofaclauseclause ororsentencesentence thatisthatisconstant, despite changesin suchthingsastheconstant, despite changesin suchthingsasthe

voicevoice ororillocutionary forceillocutionary force ofthe clause.ofthe clause. AAproposition may be related tootherunitsofitsproposition may be related tootherunitsofitskind throughkind throughinterpropositionalrelationsinterpropositionalrelations, suchas, suchastemporalrelationstemporalrelations andand logicalrelationslogicalrelations..

B. DiscussionB. Discussion The meaning ofthe termThe meaning ofthe termpropositionproposition is extended by some analyststois extended by some analyststoinclude the meaning contentofunits within theinclude the meaning contentofunits within theclause.clause.


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Example:Example: The tall, stately building fellThe tall, stately building fell isissaid to express propositionscorrespondingsaid to express propositionscorrespondingto the following:to the following:

"The building is tall.""The building is tall."

"The building is stately.""The building is stately."

"The building fell.""The building fell."


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The common contentof eachofthe the followingThe common contentof eachofthe the following utterancesutterances isaisaproposition:proposition: Deyuz atesthe banana.Deyuz atesthe banana. Deyuzmakan pisangDeyuzmakan pisang Mangan pisang siDeyuzMangan pisang siDeyuz

The banana was eaten by Deyuz.The banana was eaten by Deyuz. Pisang dimakan olehDeyuzPisang dimakan olehDeyuz Dipangan siDeyuz pisangDipangan siDeyuz pisang

Did Deyuz eatthe banana?Did Deyuz eatthe banana? ApakahDeyuzmakan pisang ?ApakahDeyuzmakan pisang ? Dipangan siDeyuzma pisang i?Dipangan siDeyuzma pisang i?

Deyuz, eatthe banana !Deyuz, eatthe banana ! Deyuzmakan pisang !Deyuzmakan pisang ! Deyuz, pangan pisang on !Deyuz, pangan pisang on !


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AlltheseAllthese utterancesutterances may be analyzed asmay be analyzed asconsisting ofaconsisting ofapredicatepredicate naming an eventnaming an eventorstate and one ormore argumentsorstate and one ormore argumentsnamingnaming referentsreferents thatparticipate in thatthatparticipate in thateventorstate.eventorstate.

The activity isThe activity is eat.eat.

The agentisThe agentisDeyuz.Deyuz.

The patientisThe patientisa banana.a banana.


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ConclusionConclusion

After elaborating the detailsof nationsin Englishand Angkola, there areAfter elaborating the detailsof nationsin Englishand Angkola, there aremany differencesof bothlanguages (Englishand Angkola) found. Themany differencesof bothlanguages (Englishand Angkola) found. Thesignificantdifferencesare found in referencesand sentences. Especially, insignificantdifferencesare found in referencesand sentences. Especially, inusing ofusing ofobjects, possessive casesand structureobjects, possessive casesand structure as whatelaborated on theas whatelaborated on theanalysisabove.analysisabove.

The difference of nationsin Englishand Angkola (South TapanuliThe difference of nationsin Englishand Angkola (South Tapanuli

language)hassignificantdifferences especially inlanguage)hassignificantdifferences especially in referencereference andand sentence.sentence.Farther, the similaritiesand adopted wordsorstructuresalsoare founded inFarther, the similaritiesand adopted wordsorstructuresalsoare founded insenses, proposition and utterancesenses, proposition and utterance (in directspeech).(in directspeech).

The differencesactually are found by observing directly towardThe differencesactually are found by observing directly towardAngkola (the people of South Tapanuli) where the writerlives.And alsotheAngkola (the people of South Tapanuli) where the writerlives.And alsothewriterisstudying Englishon applied linguistics.writerisstudying Englishon applied linguistics.

This paperhas been done in a week by using Englishasthe mediumThis paperhas been done in a week by using Englishasthe medium

in elaborating the giftand understanding ofsemantics deeply, especiallyin elaborating the giftand understanding ofsemantics deeply, especiallythe nation in semanticstudy.the nation in semanticstudy. Finally, this paper willcomplete and be useable tothe nextFinally, this paper willcomplete and be useable tothe next

observation who wantstoreferAngkola.observation who wantstoreferAngkola.


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Thanks forAttendingThanks forAttending

WassalamWassalam

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HASAN'S SEMANTIK