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Hardware Concepts Chapter 4

Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

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Page 1: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Hardware ConceptsChapter 4

Brian Schwarz
This presentation flows very well.
Page 2: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Contents

• Explain the different types of network topology

• Describe the different types of network cabling

• Describe and distinguish between the 802.2, 802.3, 802.5, and 802.11 IEEE networking standards

Page 3: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Topology

Page 4: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Topology

• A topology describes how computers connect to each other

Page 5: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Types of Topologies

• Bus– All computers connect via a main line, called a bus

cable

• Ring– All computers attach to a central ring of cable

• Star– All computers connect to a central wiring point,

usually a hub

• Mesh– Each computer has a dedicated line to every other

computer

Page 6: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Types of Topologies

Brian Schwarz
I'm going to stop adding this at every instance, but the text in these diagrams that come right out of the book is too small, especially when you put more than one on a single slide.
Brian Schwarz
I'm not aware of any wireless standard that uses a true mesh - 802.11b looks a lot more like a star to me, with an AP at the center. I suppose you could call an AdHoc wireless net a mesh, but since they don't scale up to large numbers of nodes I think it's a poor one.
Page 7: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Network Technologies

• A network technology is a practical application of a topology to get data from one computer or network to another– Ethernet

– Token Ring

– FDDI-(Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a standard for data transmission on fiber optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can extend in range up to 200 km

Page 8: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Bus Topology

• Ethernet was the first network technology that used the bus topology

• Each computer on the network is connected to the single cable

Page 9: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Bus Topology

• If there is a break in the cable, the entire network would stop functioning– It has no fault tolerance to survive a problem

Page 10: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Star Topology

• Each computer is connected to a central device such as a hub– If a cable breaks only the one computer is affected

Page 11: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Star Bus Topology

• A star bus topology is a hybrid topology– Uses a physical star topology

– Uses a logical bus topology

– Most common topology used today

Page 12: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Token Ring Topology

• Token ring uses a star ring topology– Uses a physical star topology

– Uses a logical ring topology

– Declining in popularity

Page 13: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Cabling

Page 14: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Coax

• Coaxial cable (or coax) contains a central conductor wire, surrounded by an insulating material, which in turn is surrounded by a braided metal shield

Page 15: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

EMI

• Electro-magnetic interference (EMI) is caused by lights, fans, copy machines, and other devices

• EMI corrupts the signal flowing through the cable

• The braided shield helps to reduce the effects of EMI

Page 16: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Types of Coax Cable

• The Ohm rating is a measure of resistance in the cable and differentiates different types of coaxial cable

• RG-8, RG-62, and RG-58 are used in computer networks

Page 17: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

RG-8

• RG-8 cable is also called Thick Ethernet– Oldest type of coax still in use

– Rated at 50 ohms

– Yellow or orange/brown color

Page 18: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

RG-62

• RG-62 cable is never installed in networks today– Was used with ARCnet

Brian Schwarz
add note about continued use in industrial applications.
Page 19: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

RG-58

• RG-58 is also called Thin Ethernet– Still in widespread

use today

Page 20: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Twisted Pair

• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) are the most common types of cabling used today– Composed of multiple pairs of wires twisted together

to reduce interference from adjacent wires, called crosstalk

Page 21: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

• Twisted pairs of wires surrounded by shielding to protect them from EMI– Only used in older Token Ring networks

Page 22: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

• Most common type of cabling used in networks– Twisted pairs of wires surrounded by a plastic jacket

– Inexpensive and flexible

Page 23: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

CAT Ratings

• Twisted pair cabling varies by things like the number of twists per foot

• Cables are rated in categories or CAT ratings (or levels)

Page 24: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

CAT Ratings

CAT Rating Bandwidth Typical Throughput in Networks

CAT 1 <1 MHz Analog phone lines – not data

CAT 2 4 MHz Speeds up to 4 Mbps

CAT 3 16 MHz Speeds up to 16 Mbps

CAT 4 20 MHz Speeds up to 20 Mbps

CAT 5 100 MHz Speeds up to 100 Mbps

CAT 5e 100 MHz Speeds up to 1000 Mbps

CAT 6 200-250 MHz Speeds up to 10000 Mbps

Page 25: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

CAT Usage

• Most new installations use CAT 5e cable since it is cheaper than CAT 6 cable

CAT level

CAT level

Page 26: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Fiber Optic

• Fiber optic cabling transmits light rather than electricity– Immune to EMI– Very long distances– Consists of the fiber,

cladding, and insulating jacket

– Defined by fiber and cladding measurements

– Most common is 62.5/125 µm

– Fiber generally requires two cables

Page 27: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Light Sources

• Fiber optic cables use two possible light sources– Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) – called multimode

– Lasers – called single-mode• Supports faster speeds and longer lengths

Page 28: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

Networking Industry Standards

Page 29: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

IEEE

• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines industry-wide standards

• Organized the 802 committee in February of 1980 to define networking standards– Split up into smaller subcommittees

Page 30: Hardware Concepts Chapter 4. Contents Explain the different types of network topology Describe the different types of network cabling Describe and distinguish

IEEE Subcommittees

IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Overview & Architecture

IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)

IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD access method (Ethernet)

IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring access method and Physical layer specifications

IEEE 802.8 Fiber Optic

IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical layer specifications

There are more subcommittees than listed in this table.