Hans FrostHans Lassen Søren Anker PedersenEEA 6 March

Hans FrostHans Lassen Søren Anker PedersenEEA 6 March

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – SpotmeterSpotmeter

Basis for EURECA ‘Fish Behind the Net’Basis for EURECA ‘Fish Behind the Net’

FBtN is restricted to EU waters and to ecosystem services affected by fisheries

1. Review the ecosystem services provided from the marine ecosystem:

Identifying them2. Restrict to waters the EU Seas (Black Sea, Northeast Atlantic,

Mediterranean, Black Sea): Based on existing well-founded knowledge

Geographical and Conceptual system definition:

4. Restrict to services that can be quantified and preferably valuated: Restriction will be area specific

3. Restrict to services significantly affected by commercial fisheries: Restriction will be area specific

What is the EURECA ‘Fish Behind the Net’- What is the EURECA ‘Fish Behind the Net’- Spotmeter?Spotmeter?

FBtN aims at providing relevant information to support the 2012 reform of the CFP

1. Assessing the selected ecosystem goods and services: Identifying and quantifying them

2. Analysing consequences of context changes: Quantifying and valuing the observed trends/changes

3. Exploring resilience / sustainability issues

4. Exploring management measures to address the observed and future trends/changes

Key issues of concern and stressors with regards Exploiting the marine environment based on the following ‘building blocks’:

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – SpotmeterSpotmeter

Spotmeter Indicators

Status and trend assessment, based on existing indicators.

Where possible, relative to established management targets or thresholds in relevant EU policies

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Relevant EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Relevant ServicesServices

Indicators

Food provision can be quantified and valuated

Regional policiesBiodiversity Difficult to valuate

Food Provision

Regional population structures – Cultural

Icon species

Healthy marine ecosystems: BiodiversitySensitive to invasive species

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – SpotmeterSpotmeter

Fisheries effects/impacts on marine ecosystem services at regional level

• Baltic Sea • NE-Atlantic • Mediterranean• Black Seas

and

at the full European level.

European Lifestyles and Marine Ecosystems (ELME)

Food provisioningHealthy ecosystem:

The ‘fishing down’ effect is strong and

everywhere.

Pauly, 2002

Cod egg survey 2004(Fox et al., 2008)

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – SpotmeterSpotmeter

Example: Survey of North Sea cod spawning grounds

NATURA 2000-protected habitats and species in the North Sea- and Baltic Sea according to Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Directive (FFH-Directive) and the Bird Directive (BD)

Benthic communities in FFH - Habitats

FFH-Habitats Sandbank, Reefs

FFH-Annex II Marine Mammals

Harbour porpoise, Harbour Seal, Grey Seal

BD Annex I and migratory bird species

Red-throated Diver, Black-throated Diver, Terns, Common Scoter, Long-tailed duck, etc.

FFH-Annex II Fish Species

Shad, Twaite Shad, Hounting, River Lamprey, Sea Lamprey, Sturgeon

North Sea:1.– SCI Doggerbank; 2. – SCI SyltOuter Reef; 3. – SCI BorkumReef

Ground; 4. – SPA Eastern German Bight

Baltic Sea:1. – SCI FehmarnBelt; 2. –SCI KadetTrench; 3. – SCI Western Rønne

Bank; 4. – SCI Adler Ground; 5. – SCI Pomeranian Bay with Odra Bank; 6. –

SPA Pomeranian Bay

The EMPAS project: Natura 2000 sites

1

2

3

4

12

3

4

5

6

North Sea

Baltic Sea

34

FBtN – Spotmeter developing and testingFBtN – Spotmeter developing and testing

Impact from fishing on ecosystem services

Impact assessment:Stock assessmentGear typesFleets-Overfishing- Distribution- Population structure- Smaller fishEco-effects of fishing- By-catch - Genetic effects- Habitats effects- Food web-Other effects

”Indicator species” for GES?

BB 1: BB 2:

Analysing conseq.:Value of codValue of other services:- Recreational value- Lost of cultur/social v.- Turisme- Consumer behaviour- othersValue of Eco-effects:- Change in food webs- Value of other species- Value of food species- Value of by-catch

Policy objectives - and trade-offs?

Resilienece:Target stocks:- Pollution- Climate change- Invasive species- Other changesEcosystems:- Pollution- Climate change- Invasive species- Other changes

BB 3:

Measures:Reduce effortChange gearNatura2000MPAsMSCIncentivesITQOther measures

BB 4:

Overfishing(Low yield)Today

GES (MSFD)MSY (CFP)

FBtN – Spotmeter developing and testingFBtN – Spotmeter developing and testing

Impact from fishing on ecosystem services

Impact assessment:Stock assessmentGear typesFleets-Overfishing- Distribution- Population structure- Smaller fishEco-effects of fishing- By-catch - Genetic effects- Habitats effects- Food web-Other effects

”Indicator species” for GES?

BB 1: BB 2:

Analysing conseq.:Value of codValue of other services:- Recreational value- Lost of cultur/social v.- Turisme- Consumer behaviour- othersValue of Eco-effects:- Change in food webs- Value of other species- Value of food species- Value of by-catch

Policy objectives - and trade-offs?

Resilienece:Target stocks:- Pollution- Climate change- Invasive species- Other changesEcosystems:- Pollution- Climate change- Invasive species- Other changes

BB 3:

Measures:Reduce effortChange gearNatura2000MPAsMSCIncentivesITQOther measures

BB 4:

Overfishing(Low yield)Today

GES (MSFD)MSY (CFP)

FBtN – Spotmeter developing and testingFBtN – Spotmeter developing and testing

Impact from fishing on ecosystem services

Impact assessment:Stock assessmentGear typesFleets-Overfishing- Distribution- Population structure- Smaller fishEco-effects of fishing- By-catch - Genetic effects- Habitats effects- Food web- Other effects

”Indicator species” for GES?

BB 1: BB 2:

Analysing conseq.:Value of codValue of other services:- Recreational value- Lost of cultur/social v.- Turisme- Consumer behaviour- othersValue of Eco-effects:- Change in food webs- Value of other species- Value of food species- Value of by-catch

Policy objectives - and trade-offs?

Resilienece:Target stocks:- Pollution- Climate change- Invasive species- Other changesEcosystems:- Pollution- Climate change- Invasive species- Other changes

BB 3:

Measures:Reduce effortChange gearNatura2000MPAsMSCIncentivesITQOther measures

BB 4:

Overfishing(Low yield)Today

GES (MSFD)MSY (CFP)

The type of assessment model we work with in fisheries

Valuation of Ecosystem Services

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Biomass

Revenue and costs

Capacity (effort)

a

Gross revenue

Total costs

b

c

Overcapacity

Resource rent

Biomass

Benchmarks for fisheries management

Stock

Effort

Catches (landings)

Net profit

Ecosystem process/Habitat

Cultural

Regulation

Discards

Demand (prices)

To handleDifficult towards impossible

The marine system

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – SpotmeterSpotmeter

“Thank You”“Thank You”