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Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

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Page 1: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink
Page 2: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Cells Different Frequencies or

Codes

Base Station Fixed transceiver

Mobile Station Distributed transceivers

Downlink

Uplink

Handoff

Multiple Access

Page 3: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Time

Frequency

Codes

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access

FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access

CMDA: Code Division Multiple Access

Page 4: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Frequency Division Multiple Access. Menempatkan satu user pada satu channel:

teknik "satu user, satu jalan". Pada saat pelanggan A sedang menggunakan

channel tsb, pelanggan lain tidak dapat menggunakan sebelum pelanggan A selesai.

Jadi, untuk 100 pelanggan dalam waktu bersamaan dibutuhkan 100 channel terpisah.

Page 5: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink
Page 6: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Time Division Multiple Access. TDMA memberikan satu pita frekuensi untuk

dipakai beberapa pelanggan berdasarkan waktu.

Channel berupa slot-slot waktu, berapa lama seorang pelanggan mendapat giliran untuk memakai pita frekuensi.

Slot-slot waktu ini dibingkai dalam satu periode yang disebut frame.

Page 7: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink
Page 8: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Code Division Multiple Access (juga disebut DSSS/ direct sequence spread spectrum).

sinyalnya tersebar (spread) pada spektrum pita frekuensi yang lebar.

penyebaran sinyal diperoleh akibat proses perkalian data input (yang mempunyai waktu perubahan lambat) dengan kode PN (yang mempunyai waktu perubahan cepat).

Walaupun pita frekuensinya lebar, tegangan sinyal yang dihasilkan sangat kecil, menyerupai noise (bising) yang selalu menyertai gelombang radio.

Page 9: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink
Page 10: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Pemisahan jalur uplink dan downlink

Time: Time Division Duplex (TDD)

Frequency: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

Informasi berupa voice dan data disalurkan ke frek.pembawa (carrier) melalui modulator.

Frekuensi atau kode dapat digunakan kembali (frequency reuse).

Page 11: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

0G: Mobile radio telephones 1G: Analog 2G/3G and beyond - digital:

GSM Family cdmaOne/CDMA2000 Family

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

HSCSD

WCDMA (UMTS)

HSDPA

cdmaOne/IS-95

CDMA2000 EV-DO

2G

3G

Page 12: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Pita 900/1800 MHz (US: 850/1900 MHz) Untuk band 900 MHz

Uplink: 890-915

Downlink: 935-960 25 MHz bandwidth - 124 carrier frequency channels,

jarak frekuensi pemisah 200KHz Time Division Multiplexing: 8 saluran penuh per

channel frekuensi. Circuit Switched Data dengan data rate 9.6 kbps Daya transmisi handset dibatasi 2 W untuk

GSM850/900 dan 1 W untuk GSM1800/1900.

Page 13: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink
Page 14: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Base Transceiver Station BTS - transceiver yang melayani frekuensi yg berbeda2.

Frequency hopping dilakukan oleh transceiver dan perangkat mobile.

Sektorisasi menggunakan antena directional Base Station Controller (BSC) mengontrol beberapa

BTS, dengan cara: Alokasi channel radio Handover antar BTS Pusat lalu lintas data Database informasi, mis: carrier frequencies, frequency

hopping lists, power reduction levels, dll untuk setiap cell.

Page 15: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Core GSM : mengatur komunikasi antara perangkat mobile dan PSTN

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) : manajemen mobilitas, layanan GSM untuk pengguna Gateway MSC – interface dengan PSTN, menentukan

MSC mana yang dikunjungi saat pelanggan melakukan panggilan

Visited MSC - MSC di mana pelanggan berada saat melakukan panggilan. Visitor Location Register (VLR) akan merekam data pengguna.

Anchor MSC - MSC yang memulai proses handover (“serah-terima” data).

Target MSC - MSC yang dituju untuk “penyerahan” data.

Page 16: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Pengguna mendapatkan sepasang frekuensi uplink dan downlink.

Beberapa pengguna berbagi kanal frekuensi yang sama berdasarkan waktu.

Uplink dan Downlink menggunakan penjadwalan FCFS.

Downlink upto 64 kbps (atau lebih untuk EDGE ) per user.

Page 17: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Ltd. - Consortium yang terdiri atas kumpulan beberapa operator besar.

Tujuannya adalah membuat arsitektur yang menyediakan migrasi dari jaringan 2G/3G ke arah jaringan IP dengan harga yang kompetitif dan kemampuan broadband.

Page 18: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Video & multimedia conference, IM, video streaming, dll sebagai penggerak NGMN.

Rekomendasi sistem: Mobilitas mulus di semua carrier dengan kontinuitas layanan melewati

min 120 km / jam.

Maks uplink data 30-50 Mbps

Maks downlink > 100Mbps

Latency core < 10ms, RAN <10ms, <30ms E2E

QoS based global roaming

Broadcast, multicast, dan unicast services untuk semua jenis pelanggan

Real time, conversational streaming di semua carrier.

Cost per MB : mendekati harga DSL

Page 19: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink
Page 20: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

WiMAX, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, standar IEEE 802.16

Last-mile broadband access, link balik (backhaul) untuk jaringan selular, koneksi hotspot.

OFDMA 802.16e, support MIMO. Spektrum berlisensi: 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz (US) dan

3.5GHz, mengklaim transfer data mencapai 70 Mbps, jarak lebih dari 50 kilometer.

Page 21: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Heterogeneous access technologies Multi-mode access devices

Dual mode phones (WiFi, 2.5/3G), UMA

Layanan heterogen: akses internet, data, dan multimedia seluler.

Tantangan konvergensi:

Waktu akses bervariasi sesuai karakteristik jaringan

Aplikasi yang digunakan bersifat heterogen

Desain sistem jaringan apakah telah memenuhi syarat

Page 22: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Cellular Networks Internet

Voice Data

Packet Switched

Terkontrol Semi-Organic

Baik Buruk

Teknologi

Evolusi

Mobility Support

Circuit Switched Analog

Circuit Switched Digital

C.S. Voice + P.S. Data

Layanan Baru Bergantung pd operator /kerjasama

Pihak ketiga/independent

Page 23: Handoff Cells Different Frequencies or Codes · PDF fileCells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Downlink Uplink

Cellular Networks Internet

Laju data untuk layanan Broadband

Tidak mencukupi (sampai saat ini)

Cenderung tinggi

Harga per MB (data)

Lebih tinggi

Lebih Rendah

QoS Dukungan Baik (voice & data)

Kebanyakan tidak tersedia