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Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstructio n (ILO/CRISIS)

Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

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Page 1: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and

Social Protection

ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS)

Page 2: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Defining the baseline data

ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS)

Page 3: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Where are we?

Livelihood Baseline

PRE-DISASTER PHASE

POST-DISASTER ASSESSMENT AND APPEAL PHASE

DETAILED PROGRAMMING PHASE

Location within the assessment process

Page 4: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario

Objectives of livelihoods baseline data:

The livelihood baseline is intended to meet the following specific objectives:

Provide a robust basis for making estimates of the impact of disasters on livelihoods;

Provide a quantitative framework into which the findings of rapid and mainly qualitative studies can be located.

Livelihoods baseline information helps emergency workers know in advance about the population of the affected area.

Livelihood baseline information is an essential part of Disaster Preparedness.

Baseline data should be collected in advance, and kept updated, on areas and populations likely to suffer disasters and crisis of various sorts.

To be properly prepared, baseline data would require not only the collection and assembly of information, but a clever use of statistical and analytical skills.

Special attention must also be given to the manipulation of primary data found in sample surveys and censuses, as well as to the interpretation of secondary data and qualitative sources.

About the baseline:

Page 5: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Livelihoods are based on the combination of sources of income in a household

Types of livelihoods

Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario

LIVELIHOOD TYPOLOGIES Wage-work households Employer households Farm self-employment

households Non-farm self-employment

households

No employment households (various sources of sustenance: rental income, pensions, remittances, helps from relatives, money interest, etc.)

Unemployed households Households without information

Why is it important to collect information on livelihoods?

How to collect this information? What are the main sources of information for

livelihoods data?

Establishing the baseline:

Page 6: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods

Areas of coverage

Updating baseline

information

Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario

Focused on households: Population census Household and labour force

surveys Social security records Qualitative livelihood studies

(zones, types)

Focused on units of economic activity: Agricultural census and surveys Economic censuses and surveys

Assembling the data collected

Page 7: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario

Census data: Universal coverage Provide small area resolution

(villages, districts, sub districts)

Survey data: Sample Usually provide wide area

resolution only (regions, provinces)

Disasters frequently hit specific areas, not entire regions or provinces: Census data are needed to quantify

features of the specific disaster area

Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods

Areas of coverage

Updating baseline

information

Assembling the data collected

Page 8: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Update population numbers and composition: Consider differences between

urban and rural population growth

Consider refugee movement since last census

Also: Update should be based in recent

information (5 years) Use UN population projections for

entire country Use national projections for

provinces and areas

Update labour market numbers: Consider changes in labour

participation rates (by sector, age and sex)

Consider change in employment structure

Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario

Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods

Areas of coverage

Updating baseline

information

Assembling the data collected

Page 9: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Assembling the data: The various pieces of information

collected for the baseline should be assembled with the goal of qualitative and quantitatively characterizing livelihoods.

Also: There is no general recipe to do

this, since the socio-economic realities and data availability vary widely.

Indications and examples: This presentation conveys only

some general indications and examples, to be adapted to particular situations.

Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario

Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods

Areas of coverage

Updating baseline

information

Assembling the data collected

Page 10: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

ORGANIZATION TIPSSetting-up an inventory with the documents collected

Document number

Title Type Description Location Notes

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

TYPE: The type of document refers to the specific format (e.g. Excel, Word, PDF, Power Point, Photo, DAT, etc.)

DESCRIPTION: It usually refers to the type of information that can be extracted from the document (e.g. labour participation rates, GDP composition, consumer price index, etc.)

LOCATION: Detailing the location of the file is very useful especially when the number of documents collected is high. In general, using hyperlinks is the best and easiest way to do this.

NOTES: It is also important to mention the type of use given to the document. For instance, inform if the information contained in the document was used to estimate the number of workers in a specific sector.

Page 11: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Population baseline information

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

0 - 4

5 - 9

10 - 14

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

50 - 54

55 - 59

60 +

Total

Area B …Population by sex and age group

Area A

Age brackets should be adapted to available data

Prepare tables about population in the area at risk, or most closely overlapping administrative divisions

Page 12: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Population baseline information

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total

District

District 1

District 2

District n

Households and population in area at risk, urban and rural areas

Households Population

District

District 1

District 2

District n

Average household size

Households and population by area and settlement

Settlement HouseholdsTotal

population

Locate human settlements in areas at risk and put them on the map, indicating their relative size from small hamlets to towns or cities

A “settlement” may be a town, a neighborhood within a town, a village, a hamlet or any other identifiable location or small area and reference date

Page 13: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Population baseline information

1 - 3 members

4 - 6 members

7 - 9 members

10 + members

Total households

Household size Area A …Area BIn case household composition is available, or raw data can be re-analyzed to produce the necessary information, a table should be produce showing the various forms of household composition

These forms may be adapted to local realities. A typical example may include he following forms: Complete nuclear family One parent with children present A couple with no children present Extended family Composite group Person living alone Non family group

Page 14: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Livelihood assets baseline information

Private assets of households

Male Female 15 to 24 25 to 59 60 + 1 2 ...

Large

Medium

Small

Micro

Self-employed

Total

TotalSex Age Affected areas

Entreprise size

Page 15: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Livelihood assets baseline information

% of households with commerce shops

Total

in the home

in another locale

% of households with workshops

Total

in the home

in another locale

% of households with fishing boats (large)*

% of households with fishing boats (small) *

% of households using tractor**

% of households owning tractors, trucks, lorries or pickups

% of households with other equipment or facilities (specify)

(**) Only for farming areas where use of tractor is relevant

(*) Only for fishing communities. "Large" or "Small" as defined locally

Private business equipment and facilities Area A Area B

Categories should be adapted to particular cases and availability of data

Private assets of households

Page 16: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Livelihood assets baseline information

Only owned

Only tenancy

Mixed

Total

Land tenure forms Farms involved Land involved

Size brackets should be adapted to local distribution

0 - 0.49 Ha

0.5 - 0.99 Ha

1.0 - 1.99 Ha

Farms and land by farm size

Farms Total land Cultivable

Cattle

Sheep

Goat

Horses

Donkeys

Total livestock heads

Livestock holdings Total ownersAverage livestock heads per owner

Private assets of households

Page 17: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Livelihood assets baseline information

% of households with cars

% of households with motorcycles

% of households with bycicles

Vehicles owned by household Area A Area B …

Private assets of households

“Inadequate” walls and roofs are to be defined locally in relation to local custom and climate, and to probable disasters (e.g. flooding, earthquake)

% of houses with inadequate walls

% of houses with inadequate roofing

% of houses with access to safer water within 5 min walk

% of houses with sanitation (WC, septic tank letrine)

Housing and sanitation infrastructure Area A Area B …

% of households with electricity

% of households with ground telephone

% of households with mobile telephone

% of households with fridge

% of households cooking with wood or dry dung

Household facilities (other than water and sanitation)

Area A Area B …

Page 18: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Note on public and communal assets

RoadsBesides mapping all roads in the area, indicate cover, quality, practicability in bad weather, authority responsible for maintenance, frequency of maintenance.

Electricity and water networkIndicate whether electricity is locally generated or comes from national or regional network, origin of power (hydroelectric, thermal, combined), stability f supply, frequency of blackouts or brownouts, and geographic coverage of the network.Origin of water supply, geographic coverage of distribution network, safety, stability.

Communal facilities:Communal silos or other shared storage facilities, and other communal facilities: covered marketplace, slaughterhouse, docks, communal pastureland, etc.

Page 19: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Age brackets should be adapted to available data, starting with the minimum age for census or survey questions concerning labour.

Total pop.

Labour force LFPR*

Total pop.

Labour force LFPR*

Total pop.

Labour force LFPR*

10 - 14

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

50 - 54

55 - 59

60 +

FemalesTotal MalesLabour force by sex and age group in Area …

If possible, one table for each relevant area (districts, municipalities, localities)

Page 20: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Population over minimum age*

Total 100 100 100

Labour supply*

Labour force

Employed population

Open unemployment

Hidden unemployment**

Total unemployment

Population, labour supply and employment in Area …

Population Population (in percent)

(*) Minimum age for census or survey questions concerning labour varies across countries. Data typically refer to people over 10, or people over 15. Specify the minimum age considered.

(**) Hidden unemployment and consequently labour supply depend on labour availabil ity for work, even if not actively looking for a job, and are often not measured in censuses and surveys. Leave blank if data not available.

If possible, one table for each relevant area (districts, municipalities, localities)

Page 21: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Employed

Wage workers

Self-employed

Employers

Unpaid family help

Not employed*

Under minimum age**

Unemployed (looking for a job)

Pensioner

Handicapped or disabled

Attending school

Housekeeping only

Other situations or unspecified

(*) Categories may slightly vary across countries

(**) Under minimum age to be questioned about employment

Total Males FemalesOccupational condition of employed and not employed people in Area …

Page 22: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Sector

Agriculture*

Mining

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas, water

Construction

Transport, storage, communications

Commerce, restaurants, hotels, etc.

Business services (banking, etc.)

Public servants

Other social and communal services

Unspecified

(*) If necessary break down into sub-sectors (e.g. commercial, subsistence, fisheries, etc.)

Sector of employment at Area … Total Males Females

Sectorial breakdown may vary across countries

Page 23: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Sector

Agriculture*

Mining

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas, water

Construction

Transport, storage, communications

Commerce, restaurants, hotels, etc.

Business services (banking, etc.)

Public servants

Other social and communal services

Unspecified

(*) If necessary break down into sub-sectors (e.g. commercial, subsistence, fisheries, etc.)

Sector and category of employment at Area …

Total Self-employed Wage Employer Farm help

Page 24: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

Location n

Area, locality or settlement (locations)

Type of business

No. of businesses

Total people employed

Total hired workers

For each small area or locality, a table indicating the number of shops, industries or businesses is to be prepared, indicating if possible the number of total and particularly hired workers they employ.

Page 25: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

Farm self-employment

Non-Farm self-employment

Employer

Wage work

Unemployed

No employment

No information

Number of households by type of livelihood and area

Area A Area B …

Farm self-employment

Non-Farm self-employment

Employer

Wage work

Unemployed

No employment

No information

Total household members by type of livelihood and area

Area A Area B …

If re-processing raw data is not an option, data on individual employment by sector and category may be used to estimate the relative importance of individual forms of employment, but interpretation should take into account that a single household may include various kinds of employment.

Page 26: Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction

Period of reference:

The span of time over which the employment situation is defined or measured (e.g. on census day, or the past week, or the past month). Normally a minimum period of activity is required (e.g. “employed” people during the last week must have been employed at least one day, or at least one hour, during the week of reference).

Employment:

Engagement in work activities conductive to earning personal or household income, be it monetary or not. Includes working for a wage, self-employment, and family help. The self-employed are classified as employers when they hire outside help. Family help is regarded as employed only if it is engaged in the production of goods and services for the market, or in subsistence agriculture. In some countries, a minimum number of hours of work per week (e.g. 15 hours) is required to regard family help as employed in subsistence agriculture or other activities.

Open unemployment:

The condition of people not employed but actively looking for a job.

Key definitions and concepts

Labour force:

People employed or actively looking for a job.

Labour supply:

People employed, actively looking for a job, or available to work if the opportunity arises.

Hidden unemployment:

The condition of people neither employed nor openly unemployed, but available for work if the opportunity arises.

TO REVISE