Guided Reading 13-1Question Answer Bank

1 What did the fascists believe was necessary to achieve order in society? a

It was nationalistic, anticommunist, and anti-Semitic. The party also called for Germany to expand its territory and not abide by the Treaty of Versailles.

2 How did the fascists believe that the nations became great? (p. 454) b the Reichstag, the lower house of the German

parliament

3 Why did many Italians welcome Mussoliniʼs leadership? (p. 454) c Italians were weary of strikes and riots.

4How did the Communists establish control in the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics? (p. 455)

d They believed they needed to seize territory from other nations.

5 What were the characteristics of the Nazi Party? (p. 456) e a dictator who led a strong government

6Adolf Hitler gained power by having Nazis elected to which part of the German government? (p. 456-457)

fThe Communists seized control by instituting a one-party rule, suppressing individual liberties, and punishing their opponents.

7What did Japanese military leaders believe was the only way for Japan to get the resources it required? (p. 457)

gThe fascists believed that nations became great through military might and territorial expansion.

8What were Americans discouraged by the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia? (p. 458)

hWarring nations could buy non-military goods on a “cash-and-carry” basis, meaning they could not receive any loans, and they also had to transport goods in their own ships.

9 What were the findings of the Nye Committee? (p. 458) i

Roosevelt determined that since China and Japan had not declared war on each other, the Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply.

10After passage of the Neutrality Act of 1937, how could warring nations buy non-military goods from the United States? (p. 459)

j That arms factories had made huge profits from the war.

11What is the name for the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war? (p. 459)

kThe rise of dictatorships made the sacrifices that Americans had made during World War I seems pointless.

12What was Rooseveltʼs reason for authorizing the sale of arms to China? (p. 459)

l internationalism

! Guided Reading 13-4Question Answer Bank

1 How was the Neutrality Act of 1939 different from its earlier version? (p. 474) a It allowed warring countries to buy arms from the

United States, but only on a “cash and carry” basis.

2 How did Roosevelt manage to give Churchill the destroyers that he requested? (p. 474) b No previous president had served more than 2 terms in

office.

3 What did Churchill give to Roosevelt for the destroyers instead of cash? (p. 474) c

Hitler hoped that German assistance to the Japanese would lead to Japanʼs support for Germany, and against the Soviet Union.

4 How did most Americans feel about Rooseveltʼs destroyers-for-bases deal? (p. 475) d isolationists, including Charles Lindbergh and Senator

Gerald Nye

5 What did the Fight for Freedom Committee promote? (p. 475) e

the right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and British islands in the Caribbean

6 Who were some of the members of the America First committee? (p. 475) f He used a loophole in the Neutrality Act, creating an

“exchange” (aka a trade) instead of a “sale.”

7What organization pressed for increased American aid to the Allies, but not armed intervention? (p. 475)

gHe created the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the United States to send arms to Britain if they promised to return or pay rent for them after the war.

8 What was unprecedented about Rooseveltʼs decision to run for president in 1940? (p. 475) h The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

9How did Roosevelt get around the cash-and-carry requirement of the Neutrality Act when Britain ran out of funds? (p. 476)

i For the United States to protect British supply ships in the Atlantic, while still remaining neutral.

10 What was the purpose of the hemispheric defense zone? (p. 476) j They signed an alliance with Germany and Italy, and

became a member of the Axis Powers.

11 What was included in the text of the Atlantic Charter? (p. 477) k Most Americans accepted it, since they favored

offering limited aid to the Allies.

12 Which “strategic materials” did Roosevelt refuse to sell to the Japanese? (p. 478) l

It committed the United States and Britain to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas.

13 What was the Japanese response to Rooseveltʼs actions? (p. 479) m the repeal of all neutrality laws and stronger action

against Germany.

14 Why did Hitler aid the Japanese after the attack on Pearl Harbor? (p. 479) n airplane fuel, scrap iron