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The obverse side of the Nobel Prizemedals for Physics,Chemistry,
Physiologyor Medicine, and
The NobelFoundation
The reverse side of the Nobel Prize medalawarded for bothPhysics
andChemistry.
The NobelFoundation
The reverse side of the Nobel Prize medalfor Physiology
orMedicine.
The NobelFoundation
The reverse side of the Nobel Prize medalfor Literature.
The NobelFoundation
Nobel Prize
any of the rizes !five in number until "#$#, when asi%th was
added& that are awarded annually from afund be'ueathed for that
ur ose by the (wedishinventor and industrialist )lfred *ernhard
Nobel . The
Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the mostrestigious awards
given for intellectualachievement in the world. To browse Nobel
Prizewinners al habetically, chronologically, and by
rize, see below .
+n the will he drafted in " #-, Nobel instructed thatmost of his
fortune be set aside as a fund for theawarding of five annual rizes
to those who, duringthe receding year, shall have conferred
thegreatest benefit on man/ind.0 These rizes asestablished by his
will are the Nobel Prize forPhysics, the Nobel Prize for Chemistry,
the NobelPrize for Physiology or Medicine, the Nobel Prize
forLiterature, and the Nobel Prize for Peace. The firstdistribution
of the rizes too/ lace on 1ecember "2,"#2", the fifth anniversary
of Nobel3s death. )nadditional award, the (veriges 4i/sban/ Prize
in
5conomic (ciences in Memory of )lfred Nobel, was established
in"#$ by the *an/ of (weden and was first awarded in "#$#.
)lthoughnot technically a Nobel Prize, it is identified with the
award6 itswinners are announced with the Nobel Prize reci ients,
and thePrize in 5conomic (ciences is resented at the Nobel Prize
)wardCeremony.
)fter Nobel3s death, the Nobel 7oundation was set uto carry out
the rovisions of his will and toadminister his funds. +n his will,
he had sti ulatedthat four different institutions8three (wedish
andone Norwegian8should award the rizes. 7rom(toc/holm, the 4oyal
(wedish )cademy of (ciencesconfers the rizes for hysics, chemistry,
andeconomics, the 9arolins/a +nstitute confers the rizefor
hysiology or medicine, and the (wedish)cademy confers the rize for
literature. TheNorwegian Nobel Committee based in :slo confersthe
rize for eace. The Nobel 7oundation is thelegal owner and
functional administrator of thefunds and serves as the ;oint
administrative body of the rize
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List of Nobel Prize winners
Nobelists by year
The table rovides a chronological list of Nobel Prize
winners.
Nobelists by prize
Chemistry
The table rovides a chronological list of reci ients of the
Nobel
Prize for Chemistry.Economics
The table rovides a chronological list of reci ients of the
NobelPrize for 5conomics.
Literature
The table rovides a chronological list of reci ients of the
NobelPrize for Literature.
Peace
The table rovides a chronological list of reci ients of the
NobelPrize for Peace.
Physics
The table rovides a chronological list of reci ients of the
NobelPrize for Physics.
Physiology or Medicine
de to Nobel Prize
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5 10-06-2014 20:08
8/12/2019 Guide to Nobel Prize
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The table rovides a chronological list of reci ients of the
NobelPrize for Physiology or Medicine.
Additional Reading
(ociological studies of the rize, the im act on winners, and
thecriteria utilized to nominate and evaluate candidates are among
the
to ics addressed in @arriet Euc/erman , Scientific Elite: Nobel
aureatesin the !nited States !"#BB, reissued "##$&6 Carl ustaf
*ernhard , 5lisabethCrawford , and Per (Arbom !eds.&, Science,
Technolo"y, and Society inthe Ti#e of $lfred Nobel !"# =&,
which includes useful informationon the early history !to "#?2&
of the rizes in hysics, chemistry, and
hysiology or medicine6 9;ell 5s mar/ , The Nobel %ri&e in
iterature: $Study of the 'riteria Behind the 'hoices !"##"6
originally ublishedin (wedish, "# $&6 5lisabeth Crawford ,
Nationalis# and Internationalis#in Science, ())*+( - : Four Studies
of the Nobel %opulation !"##=&6and 1enis *rian , enius Tal/:
'on0ersations with Nobel Scientists and 1ther u#inaries
!"##-&.
es %ri2 Nobel !annual& rints the Nobel Prize lectures, often
in theoriginal language6 volumes in the series Nobel ectures,
Includin"%resentation Speeches and aureates3 Bio"raphies, with se
aratesets of boo/s for each of the rize categories, translates the
lecturesinto 5nglish.
Tyler Dasson !ed.&, Nobel %ri&e 4inners !"# B&, and
two additionalvolumes, Nobel %ri&e 4inners, Supple#ent, ( )5+(
( , ed. by PaulaMc uire !"##=&, and Nobel %ri&e 4inners,
Supple#ent, ( 6+( 7 , ed.by Clifford Thom son !"##B&, arranged
al habetically by rizewinner6and *ernard (. (chlessinger and
>une @. (chlessinger , The 4ho3s 4ho of Nobel %ri&e 4inners,
( *(+( 8 , ?rd ed. !"##$&, arranged
chronologically by rize category, give biogra hical and
bibliogra hicinformation on winners in all the rize categories.
(haron *ertschMc rayne , Nobel %ri&e 4o#en in Science: Their
i0es, Stru""les, and 9o#entous isco0eries !"##?&, treats "F
women who either won the
rize or were an im ortant art of a rizewinning ro;ect.
)dditionalbiogra hical and bibliogra hic information on the
laureates, bycategory, may be found in the following reference
wor/sG 7ran/ N.Magill !ed.&, The Nobel %ri&e 4inners:
'he#istry , ? vol. !"##2&6 Laylin9. >ames !ed.&, Nobel
aureates in 'he#istry, ( *(+( ( !"##?&6*ernard (. 9atz
!ed.&, Nobel aureates in Econo#ic Sciences !"# #&6Dilliam
*reit and 4oger D. ( encer !eds.&, i0es of the
aureates:Thirteen Nobel Econo#ists , ?rd ed. !"##-&6 4ado
Pribic !ed.&, Nobel
aureates in iterature !"##2&6 7ran/ N. Magill !ed.&, The
Nobel %ri&e4inners: iterature , ? vol. !"# B&6 Tony ray ,
'ha#pions of %eace!"#B$&6+rwin )brams , The Nobel %eace
%ri&e and the aureates !"# &67ran/ N. Magill !ed.&, The
Nobel %ri&e 4inners: %hysiolo"y or 9edicine ,? vol. !"##"&6
1aniel M. 7o% , Marcia Meldrum , and +ra 4eza/ !ed.&, Nobel
aureates in 9edicine or %hysiolo"y !"##2&6 4obert L. Deber ,
%ioneersof Science: Nobel %ri&e 4inners in %hysics , =nd ed.
!"# &6 and 7ran/N. Magill !ed.&, The Nobel %ri&e
4inners: %hysics , ? vol. !"# #&.
H =2" F 5ncyclo Idia *ritannica, +nc.
de to Nobel Prize
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