Guias Autogestión FGAU01

7/25/2019 Guias Autogestin FGAU01

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Cuk pkrk ne nstudgk`tnK^TACN\TG@

ICK^2;

\uo Dgrnllg` Iarmklg` Trk`svnrskeIarmklg` Cn`nrke

Yglnrrnltark Klkdmglk dn Rrn Crkda

Ataa ?2;9


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Kutacnstg`Mkùke dne Keumà

;

Rrnsn`tklg`

Nstgmkda nstudgk`tn:

Tn dkmas ek ogn`vn`gdk k ek ksgc`kturk Kutacnstg`. Nstk ksgc`kturk sng`snrtk n` ne la`tnxta dn ek Iarmklg` Cn`nrke y tgn`n lama prapsgta cn`nrkr nèas nstudgk`tns ek lkpklgdkd dn pkrtglgpkr kltgvkmn`tn dn su prapga pralnsa dnkprn`dgzkjn, qun sn ksumk` lama pratkca`gstks dn nstn, matgv`daeas k dnig`gr susaojntgvas klkdmglas y nstrktncgks, fklg`dasn lkrca dn su prapgk rutk dniarmklg` la` kutaàmk, nstkoenlgn`da sus prapgks mntks, su pek`giglklg`,

kutanvkeuklg`, y kutadnskrraeea.Durk`tn nstn lkmgà à nstkrs saea, pkrk la`sncugr ne eacra dn eas aojntgvas

dn ek ksgc`kturk la`tkrs la` ne kpaya dn u` daln`tn qun snr iklgegtkdar dnekprn`dgzkjn, qun matgvkr ek pnrsnvnrk`lgk y ke nsiunrza, nstkoenlgn`da eag`dgspn`skoen qun ns kuta arck`gzklg` pkrk kelk`zkr tus mntks.Eks dnmk`dks dne mu`da ekoarke rnqugnrn` prainsga`kens qun snpk` arck`gzkr ekgìarmklg`, skonr qu fklnr la` ne laàlgmgn`ta, lkpkz dn tamkr dnlgsga`ns la`kutaàmk y rnsaeulg`.

Lama nstudgk`tn dn Ndulklg` \upnrgar n` vks dn koardkr ne dnskia qungmpeglk snr u` prainsga`ke n` iarmklg` `tncra y dn nxlnen`lgk, qun snk u` kpartnk su n`tarà, lamu`gdkd y ek salgndkd. Dnons nstkoenlnr mntks y pratalaeas dntrkokja pkrk qun kpravnlfns ke mxgma t pksa par ùnstrk lksk dn nstudgas.

N` nstks pcg`ks n`la`trkrs u`k prapunstk dn trkokja, okskdk n` easpgekrns qun sustn`tk` ne madnea dn lampntn`lgks dn G`klkp. G`glgk`da la` nekutalaàlgmgn`ta y ek la`strullg` dn tu praynlta dn vgdk, pksk`da par eksfnrrkmgn`tks iklgegtkdarks pkrk cnstga`kr tu tgnmpa, ig`kegzk`da la` nstrktncgks dnkprn`dgzkjn y mntk lac`glg`.

Tn g`vgtkmas k snr pkrtn dn nstn ùnva dnskia!


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La`tn`gdas

Rrnsn`tklg` dn ek ksgc`kturk .................................................................................. 4

Dnslrgplg`: ................................................................................................................... 4

N\T_KTNCGK\ MNTADAECGLK\ ................................................................................ >

NYKE^KLGA@N\ .......................................................... Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

^@GDKD G.......................................................................................................................... 6

Rraynlta dn Ygdk y Matgvklg` ................................................................................ 6

LA@TN@GDA\ ............................................................................................................... ;;

\NMK@K ; ...........................................................................Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

\NMK@K ? ...........................................................................Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

\NMK@K < ...........................................................................Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

\NMK@K 4 ...........................................................................Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

\NMK@K > ...........................................................................Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

^@GDKD GG ....................................................................................................................... ;>

Cnstg` dne Tgnmpa .................................................................................................... ;>

LA@TN@GDA\ ................................................................................................................. ;3





\NMK@K ;2 .........................................................................Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.

^@GDKD GGG ..................................................................... Nrrar! Mkrlkdar à dnig`gda.


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?. N\T_KTNCGK\ MNTADAECGLK\.

Rkrk ne eacra dn eas kprn`dgzkjns nspnrkdas dn nstk ksgc`kturk, sn fk` nstkoenlgdaeks sgcugn`tns nstrktncgks y tl`glks dgdltglks, klardns ke nìaqun argn`tkda klampntn`lgks.

Trkokja Laekoarktgva (TL): Nstrktncgk dgdltglk n` qun ne dnskrraeea dnlampntn`lgks, alurrn k pkrtgr dn ek kltgvgdkd dn pnqunas crupas, n` qun easkeumàs trkokjk` ju`tas pkrk mkxgmgzkr su prapga kprn`dgzkjn y ne dn eas dnms.Dn`tra dn lkdk nqugpa eas keumàs g`tnrlkmogk` gìarmklg` y trkokjk` n` u`kdntnrmg`kdk tkrnk a kltgvgdkd fkstk qun tadas eas mgnmoras ek fk` n`tn`dgda y

tnrmg`kda. N` ne TL sn fkln ìksgs n` ek laapnrklg`, rnspa`skogegdkd,lamu`glklg`, trkokja n` nqugpa y ek kutanvkeuklg`.

Leksn Nxpasgtgvk (LNV): Tl`glk dgdltglk n` qun ek kdqugsglg` dn ekslampntn`lgks alurrn k pkrtgr dn ek nslulfk kltgvk y ek pkrtglgpklg` n` ekprnsn`tklg` dn u` tnmk ecglkmn`tn nstrulturkda, k lkrca dne daln`tn, luykig`kegdkd ns iklgegtkr gìarmklg` arck`gzkdk sgcugn`da lrgtnrgas kdnlukdas k ekig`kegdkd prntn`dgdk.

\gmueklg` (\GM): Tl`glk dgdltglk n` qun ek kdqugsglg` dn eks lampntn`lgksalurrn k pkrtgr dn ek rnprnsn`tklg` nspa`t`nk a prnpkrkdk dn u`k sgtuklg` rnkea fgpattglk pkrk dnmastrkr u` pralndgmgn`ta, praoenmk a gìarmklg` rnenvk`tn.


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9

^@GDKD L_GTN_GA\ DN NYKE^KLG@ R_ALNDGMGN@TA G@\T_^MN@TA

Rraynlta dnYgdk y

Matgvklg`

;.;.; K`kegzk`da saorn sufgstargk dn vgdk pnrsa`ke yklkdmglk vkeark`da easrnsuetkdas qun sa` njnmpea dnnsiunrza y rnsgegn`lgk.;.;.< Dntnrmg`kdaiartkenzks y dnogegdkdnspnrsa`kens qun pundk`g`tnrvn`gr n` ne eacra dnepraynlta dn vgdk.

;.;.> Gdn`tgiglk`da ek`nlnsgdkd dn rnlursaspnrsa`kens (la`algmgn`tas,fkogegdkdns a kltgtudns) dnklunrda k mntks u aojntgvasdn kprn`dgzkjn dkdas.

T_KOKJALAEKOA_KTGYA

N\LKEK DNKR_NLGKLG@

;.;.? Lampkrk`da aojntgvasklkdmglas y prainsga`kensla` eas dgstg`tas lampramgsasekoarkens.;.;.4 \nenllga`k`da kllga`nsqun ikvarnzlk` ne eacra dn easaojntgvas prapunstas.

T_KOKJALAEKOA_KTGYA

_^O_GLK

Cnstg` dneTgnmpa

?.;.; K`kegzk`da la`dultks ng`tnrnsns pnrsa`kens n` ekprgargzklg` dn lampramgsas,la`sgdnrk`da eas ikltarnskmn`kzk`tns y iklgegtkdarnsgdn`tgiglkdas.?.;.? Dgsnk`da kllga`ns qunpnrmgtk` negmg`kr la`dultksprapgks dn ek pralrkstg`klg`,k trkvs dn kltgvgdkdnslaekoarktgvks la` sus pkrns.?.;.> Lumpegn`da eas tgnmpasa pekzas nstkoenlgdas.

T_KOKJALAEKOA_KTGYA

_O_GLK

?.;.< Kpeglk`da rnlursas dnarck`gzklg` dne tgnmpa, k

trkvs dn njnrlglgas dn tamkdn dnlgsga`ns y cnstg` dnkltgvgdkdns.

T_KOKJALAEKOA_KTGYA

N\LKEK DNKR_NLGKLG@


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3

?.;.4 ^tgegzk`da fnrrkmgn`tksdne Kmogn`tn dn Kprn`dgzkjndn G@KLKR (KKG), qun en

pnrmgtn` arck`gzkr sudnsnmpna klkdmgla?.;.9 Arck`gzk`da su tgnmpadn klunrda k eks prgargdkdnsn` ne larta y mndgk`a pekza.

Nstrktncgks dnKprn`dgzkjn yMntklac`glg`


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6

^@GDKD GRraynlta dn Ygdk y Matgvklg`

Farks ;3

Kprn`dgzkjn Nspnrkda

Rek`nk aojntgvas y mntks pnrsa`kens n`

ne mogta klkdmgla y prainsga`ke,gdn`tgiglk`da matgvklga`ns yla`dglga`ns pnrsa`kens y dne la`tnxtaikmgegkr y klkdmgla, k pkrtgr dnek`egsgs dn nxpnrgn`lgks dn aosnrvklg`pnrsa`ke.

La`tn`gdas

Matgvklg`: g`tr`snlk ynxtr`snlk, ealus dn La`trae.

La`strullg` dn aojntgvasklkdmglas y prainsga`kens.

Rraynlta dn vgdk, MkrlkRnrsa`ke y praynlta ikmgegkr.

Nstudga y Kprn`dgzkjn: nstgeas dnKprn`dgzkjn, rnlnplg` ypralnskmgn`ta dn ekg`iarmklg`.

Lunstga`krga dn IkltarnsKsalgkdas ke Nstudga.

_nsuetkdas dn eks Nvkeuklga`nsDgkc`stglks dn En`cukjn yMktnmtglk.

Lkrkltnrstglks Cn`nrkens dn ekNdulklg` \upnrgar.

Nstrktncgks dn kutanvkeuklg` Rek` dn kllg`.

K`tnlndn`tns dn ek ^`gdkd.


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7

N@ N\TK ^@GDKD


11/91


;2
http://www.google.cl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjnnb2_le7JAhVINSYKHYO8BCcQjRwIBw&url=http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/519656/Mi-proyecto-de-vida/&psig=AFQjCNFWr4OoXxbG2el6Js5mlmTSps-cIA&ust=1450828912444946


12/91


;;

LA@TN@GDA\

Matgvklg`: g`tr`snlk y nxtr`snlk, ealus dn La`trae

Mulfas sn prncu`tkr` [u ns ek matgvklg`1 Osglkmn`tn ns ne Dnsna dnfklnr keca. Rkrk nìrn`tkràs k nstn mu`da dn ek Ndulklg` \upnrgar, ns `nlnskrgatn`nr muy lekra qu ns ea qun às matgvk k nstudgkr u`k lkrrnrk.

Ek matgvklg` g`tr`snlk ns ek tn`dn`lgk `kturke dn pralurkr eas g`tnrnsnspnrsa`kens y njnrlnr eks lkpklgdkdns, y dn nsk iarmk eacrkr mntks prapunstks pars mgsmas. Rkrk nstn tgpa dn matgvklg` à ns `nlnskrga iamn`tkrek la` kec`g`ln`tgva nxtnrà yk qun par s saea sn aotgn`n` rnsuetkdas sktgsikltargas, ns dnlgr,rnlampn`sks.

N` lkmoga ek matgvklg` nxtr`snlk ns kquneek qun `nlnsgtk rnlampn`skspkrk rnkegzkr u`k kltgvgdkd dntnrmg`kdk, kdnms ns u`k kltgvgdkd qun sn eenvk klkoa par aotn`nr u`k lkegiglklg`, qundkr ogn` la` kecugn`, kdnms, nekprn`dgzkjn à sn rnkegzk parqun sn vk k aotn`nr u` laàlgmgn`ta, yk qun à nsgmpartk`tn n` nstn tgpa dn matgvklg`.

Ne Ealus dn la`trae ns u` trmgà psglaecgla qun fkln rninrn`lgk k ekpnrlnplg` qun tgn`n u`k pnrsa`k klnrlk dn d`dn sn ealkegzk ne kcn`tn lkuskedn eas kla`tnlgmgn`tas dn su vgdk latgdgk`k. Ns ne crkda n` qun u` sujnta pnrlgonqun ne argcn` dn nvn`tas, la`dultks y dn su prapga lampartkmgn`ta ns g`tnrà anxtnrà k e. Ke gcuke qun pksk la` ek matgvklg`, ne ealus dn la`trae pundn snrG`tnrà (ne g`dgvgdua ksumn qun eas nvn`tas alurrn` prg`lgpkemn`tn lama ninltadn sus prapgks kllga`ns) a ogn` Nxtnrà(Ne g`dgvgdua ksumn qun eas nvn`tas alurrn`lama rnsuetkda dne kzkr, ne dnstgà, ek sunrtn a ne padnr y dnlgsga`ns dn atras).

--Mg`gà dn Lfnsfgrn, padrks dnlgrmn, par ikvar, qu lkmgà dnoa sncugr pkrk

skegr dn kqu1

--Nsta dnpn`dn n` crk` pkrtn dne sgtga ke qun qugnrks eenckr --dgja ne Ckta.

--@a mn gmpartk mulfa ne sgtga... --dgja Keglgk.

--N`ta`lns tkmpala gmpartk mulfa ne lkmgà qun tamns --dgja ne Ckta.

Keglgk n` ne pks dn eks mkrkvgeeksEnwgs Lkrraee

Ns dn vgtke gmpartk`lgk qun lkdk uà dn àsatras vkyk dgsnk`da u`knstrktncgk qun eacrn vgsukegzkr ùnstra prnsn`tn y ùnstra iutura. Kdnms tn`nr u`

pek` às pnrmgtgr nvkeukr y kpravnlfkr tadas eas rnlursas qun às vk airnlgn`dane lkmgà pkrk fklnr ms ilge kelk`zkr ùnstras aojntgvas. ^` praynlta dn vgdkàs dk eg`nkmgn`tas lekras y rklga`kens dn lampartkmgn`ta, kdnms dn


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;?

nstrktncgks dn arck`gzklg`, pek`nklg` y tamk dn dnlgsga`ns qun às snr` tgenstk`ta n` ne prnsn`tn lama n` ne iutura, ea qun k su vnz trknr lama on`niglgasnlu`dkrga n`trn`kràs y fklnràs lkdk vnz mnjarns n` eas pralnsas dnvgsukegzklg`, kègsgs, pek`giglklg`, arck`gzklg`, nenllg` y tamk dn dnlgsga`nsqun padrnmas kpeglkr pkrk mnjarkr tadas eas mogtas dn ùnstrk vgdk prnsn`tn yiuturk.

\gnmprn dnonmas tn`nr prnsn`tn qun @unstra praynlta dn vgdk padrkksnmnjkrsn k u`k aork dn krtn qun ù`lk nstkr dne tada tnrmg`kdk y k ek qunla`tgùkmn`tn en padrnmas kcrnckr, qugtkr a madgiglkr nenmn`tas qun ea vkyk`n`rgqunlgn`da, mnjark`da, lekrgiglk`da y fklgn`da ms fnrmasa lkdk vnz.

Rnra qu snrk dn ùnstra praynlta dn vgdk sg` ek la`vgllg` qun dnonmastrkzkràs mntks u aojntgvas.

Nstgeas dn kprn`dgzkjn dn Haeo

Kltgva

Ouslk nxpnrgn`lgks ùnvks, sa` dn mn`tn kognrtk, `kdk nslptglas yklamntn` la` n`tusgksma eks tkrnks ùnvks. \a` muy kltgvas, pgn`sk` qun fkyqun g`tn`tkrea tada par ea mnàs u`k vnz. N` luk`ta dnslgn`dn ek nxlgtklg` dnu`k àvndkd lamgn`zk` k ouslkr ek prxgmk. \n lrnln` k`tn eas dnskias qunsupa`n` ùnvks nxpnrgn`lgks, y sn kourrn` la` eas ekrcas pekzas. \a` pnrsa`ks muydn crupa qun sn g`vaeulrk` n` eas ksu`tas dn eas dnms y ln`trk` k su kerndndartadks eks kltgvgdkdns

K`gmkdar

Gmpravgskdar

Dnsluorgdar

Krrgnsckda

Nspa`t`na

Ens lunstk trkokja kprn`dnr: Luk`da tgn`n` qun ksgmgekr, k`kegzkr n g`tnrprntkr dktas

luk`da tgn`n` qun trkokjkr saeas

Luk`da tgn`n` qun kdaptkr u` pkpne pksgva

Lamn`tkda XR;]: \ucgnra k`nxkr nstk pkrtn dn kluardn` qun sn tgn`n n` ne mkùke dne daln`tn yk qun quu`k gdnk ksgekdk.


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;

\NMK@K ;

Kltgvgdkd ;: Rkrtgr Matgvkda

Rkrk Lamn`zkr:;. [u s n` tar`a k ek matgvklg`1?. [u gmpartk`lgk tgn`n ek matgvklg` n` rneklg` k mgs nxpnrgn`lgks1


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;9

Kfark _nspa`dn:

;. Dn qu mk`nrk ek matgvklg` ns u` nenmn`ta nsn`lgke n` eas rnektasprnsn`tkdas1

?. Ns u` ikltar k la`sgdnrkr k ek fark dn g`crnskr k ek ndulklg` \upnrgar1


18/91


;3

@amorn:

Lu`da y d`dn `kl1

[u euckr alupa n`trn mgs fnrmkàs1

Lma mn fn rneklga`kda la` neeas1

K qu sn fk` dndglkda mg pkp y mg mkm1

D`dn vgvk` luk`da `kl1

[u lkmog n` mg ikmgegk luk`da eencu1[u rnlunrdas tn`ca dn mgs kouneas1K qu sn dndglkok`1Dn qu euckrns nrk` argcg`krgas1Lma nrk ek lksk luk`da vgv luk`da nrk `ga1Lma sn prnpkrkok` eas kegmn`tas1[u pkrgn`tns vgsgtkok` ek lksk y qug`ns àssgcun` irnlun`tk`da1K qug`ns vgsgtokmas àsatras1[u mkslatks tn`kmas y luens la`snrvkmasfkstk kfark1[u fklk ya dn eu`ns k vgnr`ns y qu fklkmogkda1[u sgc`giglk` pkrk m eas sokdas y eas damg`cas1Lma instnjkmas eks inlfks nspnlgkens lama@kvgdkd y lumpenkas1[u rnlunrdas tn`ca dn mgs prgmnras dks n` eknslunek osglk y k qug`ns rnlunrda dn nsas kas1[u fklk n` eas rnlrnas y qu fkca kfark1[ug`ns fk` sgda mgs mnjarns kmgcas y/a kmgcks1Lma fk` sgda eks nsluneks n` eks qun fn

nstudgkda1Lma mn dnspekzkok dn mg lksk k ek nslunek1Lma nrk mg okrrga durk`tn nsas kas y qu fklkmogkda1[u vgkjns fn rnkegzkda y n` qu mndga dntrk`spartn1K qug` kdmgrkok luk`da nrk `ga y k qugn`nskdmgra fay1[u tnxtas sa` eas qun ms mn fk` custkdanslulfkr a ennr1Luens fk` sgda mgs prg`lgpkens n`trntn`gmgn`tas1[u pnelueks mn fk` gmprnsga`kda ms1

\NMK@K ?


19/91


;6

_nla`struyn`da mg fgstargk

Kltgvgdkd ;: Rkrk Lamn`zkr.

;. [u sn`tgda tgn`n rnla`strugr mg fgstargk1?. [u gmpartk`lgk tgn`n` mgs nxpnrgn`lgks pkrk ek la`strullg` dn mg iutura1


20/91


;7

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Kltgvgdkd


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pnrsa`ke, ikmgegkr y eks qun sa` dn lkrltnr klkdmgla-prainsga`ke. _nlunrdk qunmgn`trks ms ektas snk` ùnstras sunas ms ketks ùnstrks mntks, ms nenvkdassnr` tkmog` ùnstras rnsuetkdas.

mogtaAojntgvas

Larta Rekza(9 mnsns)

AojntgvasMndgkà Rekza

(; ka)

AojntgvasEkrca Rekza

(> k ;2 kas)

Ikmgegkr

Klkdmgla-Rrainsga`ke

Rnrsa`ke(\keud,

dnpartns,ntl)

\NMK@K

>7.-\ay la`slgn`tn dn qun n` eks dgslusga`ns kyuda k mk`tn`nr k eas dnms ln`trkdasn` ne tnmk, nvgtk`da dgvkcklga`ns.92.-Aosnrva qun, la` irnlun`lgk, say u`B dn eas ms aojntgvas y dnskpksga`kdas n` eksdgslusga`ns.9;.- Luk`da keca vk mke en qugta gmpartk`lgk y trkta dn fklnrea mnjar.

9?.- _nlfkza gdnks argcg`kens y nspa`t`nks sg à eks vna prltglks.

9.- N` eas dnoktns y dgslusga`ns prnignra dnsnmpnkr u` pkpne snlu`dkrga k`tns qun snrne/ek ednr a ne/ek qun ms pkrtglgpk.99.- Mn maenstk` eks pnrsa`ks qun à kltk` la` ecglk.

93.- Mn rnsuetk g`lmada tn`nr qun pek`giglkr y prnvnr eks lasks.

96.- Lrna qun ne ig` justgiglk eas mndgas n` mulfas lksas.

97.- \unea rnienxga`kr saorn eas ksu`tas y praoenmks.

32.- Ne trkokjkr k la`lgn`lgk mn een`k dn sktgsikllg` y arcueea.3;.- K`tn eas kla`tnlgmgn`tas trkta dn dnsluorgr eas prg`lgpgas y tnarks n` qun sn oksk`.

3?.- La` tke dn la`sncugr ne aojntgva qun prntn`da say lkpkz dn fnrgr sn`tgmgn`taskjnàs.3.- Mn kourra n`sncugdk la` ne trkokja mntdgla y mgùlgasa.

39.- Ek cn`tn la` irnlun`lgk lrnn qun say pala sn`sgoen k sus sn`tgmgn`tas.

33.- \unea dnjkrmn eenvkr par mgs g`tuglga`ns.

36.- \g trkokja n` crupa pralura qun sn sgck u` mtada y u` ardn`.

37.- La` irnlun`lgk mn g`tnrnsk kvnrgcukr ea qun pgn`sk ek cn`tn.

62.- Nsqugva eas tnmks suojntgvas, kmogcuas y pala lekras.

RN_IGE DN KR_N@DGZKJN

;. _adnn la` u`k e`nk lkdk uà dn eas `mnras qun fk snkekda laù` sgcà ms (+)

?. \umn ne mnra dn lrlueas qun fky n` lkdk laeum`k.


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;?72>49294993;3662

;6

;?;4???49>3>79?963?3 %Nstudga ne tgnmpa `nlnskrga \GRrnpkra prunoks y trkokjas \GRgnrda crk` lk`tgdkd dn @ANstudga mnàs dn u`k @AGY.- Enlturk TN\T WA TATKE V

;22DGYGDNRA_

Tn`ca qun ennr vkrgks @A > %

Luk`da ena rnvgsa ea \G_npgta eks gdnks \GMn lunstk n`la`trkr @AKe ennr mn nqugvala @AY.- Tl`glks dn nstudga TN\T WA TATKE V

;22DGYGDNRA_

K`tns dn nmpnzkr fnlfa \G 9 %Nstudga kltgvkmn`tn: skla \GTrkta dn rneklga`kr ea qun \GTnrmgà u`k tkrnk k`tns \GMnmargza la`lnptas sg` @A_npksa pnrgdglkmn`tn ea \GYG.-Rrnpkrklg dn prunoks TN\T WA TATKE V

;22DGYGDNRA_

Luk`da nstudga u`k prunok \G > %Nstay gìarmkdaB dn tadas \GEna tadks eks g`strullga`ns \GMn pa`ca `nrvgasaB y @ANstudga saekmn`tn ne dk @AYGG-La`ln`trklg TN\T WA TATKE V

;22DGYGDNRA_

Mgn`trks nstudga @A > %Mn lunstk mk`tn`nr @ALukequgnr rugda a @ANstay ktn`ta \GIrnlun`tnmn`tn @AYGGG.- Kltgtud fklgk ne nstudga TN\T WA TATKE V

;22DGYGDNRA_

Ne fnlfa dn qun @A > %Mn kourrn tn`nr @ALa`trgouya k @ATama pkrtn \G

\NMK@K 4

Wk n` Ndulklg` \upnrgar!


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Enn ne sgcugn`tn krtluea puoeglkda n`www.mgiutura.le.

_nienxga`nmas:

\g tn fks pek`tnkda ne dnskia dn nstudgkr u`k lkrrnrk n` ndulklg` supnrgar,sncurkmn`tn kelk`zkr u`k lkegdkd dn vgdk ptgmk fk sgda u`k dn tus matgvklga`ns
http://www.mifuturo.cl/http://www.mifuturo.cl/http://www.mifuturo.cl/


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ms gmpartk`tns. K nstk inlfk yk laàlns k tus prainsarns y praokoenmn`tn nstsprxgma k u`k nvkeuklg` a g`leusgvn yk fks tn`gda kecu`k. Tgn`ns la`lgn`lgk dneks lkrkltnrstglks dn G@KLKR y fks kprn`dgda k trkvs dn nxpnrgn`lgks dgstg`tks keks qun vgvgstn durk`tn tu iarmklg` nslaekr. Fay yk tgn`ns u` pkàrkmk dn ea qunlkrnlns y ea qun nst k tu ikvar pkrk eenvkr k oun` ig` nstk nmprnsk, ne dnskia nsn`ta`lns la`vnrtgrtn n` ^` Crk` Nstrktnck.

\nc` ea trkokjkda fkstk fay, qu nenmn`tas dnonrks la`sgdnrkr pkrk iarmuekrtu nstrktncgk1

Kltgvgdkd ?: Enlturk.

3 lasks qun tn custkrk skonr k`tns dn n`trkr k ek u`gvnrsgdkd

;>/27/?2;>K la`tgùklg` tn la`tkmas luens sa` eks 3 lasks qun `nlnsgtks skonr pkrk fklnr ek

trk`sglg` n`trn ne laencga y ek u`gvnrsgdkd dn ek mnjar iarmk.

Ek dg`mglk dn ek vgdk u`gvnrsgtkrgk ns dginrn`tn k ek qunnst klastumorkda ne nstudgk`tn qun tnrmg`k nesnlu`dkrga, y padnr fklnr nsk trk`sglg` dn ek mk`nrkms rpgdk y sn`lgeek pundn snr lekvn n` ne rn`dgmgn`taklkdmgla. \konr ke ;22% qu nspnrkr ns dgilge, pnra agmpasgoen. Rar nsa, k la`tgùklg` tn airnlnmas 3la`snjas pkrk qun pundks kira`tkr la` xgta nstk unvkntkpk dn tu vgdk.

;.

Rgdn la`snjasEk nxpnrgn`lgk u`gvnrsgtkrgk nslampentkmn`tn dgstg`tk k ek dne laencga. Rarneea ns àrmke sn`tgrtn dnsargn`tkda y iunrk dn

euckr. Ea gmpartk`tn ns k`gmkrsn k laìgkr n`kecugn` y pndgr la`snjas. Rundn snr u` ikmgegkr,u` kmgca ms crk`dn a u` la`snjnra dn eku`gvnrsgdkd. Tadas `nlnsgtkmas k kecugn` pkrkla`tkr ùnstras praoenmks.

?.

_n`ntn la` pnrsa`ks qun kdmgrns ytn matgvn`

N` ek u`gvnrsgdkd ns gmpartk`tn à pnrdnr ekmatgvklg`. Mulfks vnlns u`k mkek àtk aleksns laìusks a kourrgdks pundn` fklnrtnpnrdnr dn vgstk ek rkz` par ek qun tn g`slrgogstnn` ek lkrrnrk. Rar nsa ns gmpartk`tn rnu`grtn yradnkrtn dn pnrsa`ks pasgtgvks, dndglkdksqun tn`ck` mntks sgmgekrns k eks tuyks. Dn nstnmada, sg tgn`ns u` mke dk sgnmprn tn kyudkr`k rnlardkrtn par qu nstks kee, tn nslulfkr`y tn g`spgrkr` k snr mnjar.


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tadk leksn dn pnrsa`k. Kcrkdnln padnrdnstklkrtn dne ma`t`.

>.

Tus prltglks prainsga`kens tnn`snkr` mulfa

@a suonstgmns k tus prltglks prainsga`kens . N`mulfks lkrrnrks ns aoegcktarga rnkegzkr kemnàs u`k a das prltglks. Rar neea fkynstudgk`tns qun sn eks tamk` k ek egcnrk y saeadnsnk` qun tnrmg`k`. Ea mke qun fkln`! Kdginrn`lgk dn ea qun pgn`sk`, eks prltglkspundn` n`snkrens kspnltas nsn`lgkens pkrksu iutura prainsga`ke, y eas kyudkr k nstkr msprnpkrkdas. Rar njnmpea ens n`snkr saorn ekpu`tukegdkd, ek praegjgdkd y ek rutg`k n` u`kaiglg`k.

9.

Rgn`sk mulfa n` ea qun T qugnrnsTus pkdrns sunk` la` qu snks mdgla pnrak tg tn n`lk`tk ek fgstargk dne krtn1 Lampeklnr

k eas dnms à tn ksncurkr snr inegz y nxgtasa.N`trkr k ek u`gvnrsgdkd supa`n u`k ùnvkntkpk n` tu vgdk, y sg fkstk ne mamn`ta saeapn`skoks n` fklnr ea qun eas dnmspn`skok` qun nrk ounà pkrk tg, ns mamn`tadn qun tn la`ln`trksn` qu ns ea qun trnkemn`tn qugnrns. @a ns snr ncastk, ns fklnrtu lkmgà.

3.

@a tn sgn`tks mnàsEk u`gvnrsgdkd qundk enjas dne euckr da`dn tnlrgkstn1 N`trkstn par u`k onlk1 @kdk dnonfklnrtn sn`tgr mnàs. Tadas eas nstudgk`tnstgn`n` eks mgsmks apartu`gdkdns dn snrnxgtasas y skegr kgrasas dn ek u`gvnrsgdkd. Nslunstg` dn kltgtud, dn dnmastrkr laìgk`zkn` tg mgsma y n`tn`dnr qun nrns t ne

rnspa`skoen dn sklkr ea mnjar dn tu pksa parek u`gvnrsgdkd.

Iun`tn: ^`gvnrsgk Lfgen

Kltgvgdkd

N` nqugpa nekoarn` u`k nstrktncgk qun ens pnrmgtk kelk`zkr xgta klkdmgla, pkrknsta dnon` la`sgdnrkr eas sgcugn`tns nenmn`tas:

Matgvklg` Aojntgvas klkdmglas y prainsga`kens Nvkeuklg` dgkc`stglk Nstgeas dn kprn`dgzkjn

Kpeglkdas ke la`tnxta Rnrsa`ke y Ikmgegkr Klkdmgla Ekoarke

Rundn fkonr mulfks mk`nrks dn fklnr u` trkokja, pnra sgnmprn fky u`k mnjarqun atrk. ^` tgnmpa dn rnienxg` k`tns dn pa`nrsn mkàs k ek aork nsgmprnslg`dgoen pkrk trkokjkr g`tnegcn`tnmn`tn. Fky qun nstudgkr eks vn`tkjks ng`la`vn`gn tns dn lkdk ketnr`ktgvk pkrk la`sgdnrkr lue ikvarnln ms ne aojntgvaqun sn prntn`dn. (\ae, ?227)

mogta \gtuklg`Kltuke \gtuklg`Gdnke

_nlursas yapartu`gdkdns

dgspa`goensRasgoensDgigluetkdns Mnjark


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Nstkmas n` ek etgmk leksn dn nstk u`gdkd, fay lkdk nqugpa tn`dr tgnmpa pkrknxpa`nr sus nstrktncgks y padrnmas ig`kemn`tn lampkrtgr `unstras kprn`dgzkjnskelk`zkdas.

_nspa`dn eks sgcugn`tns g`tnrrack`tns, ns gmpartk`tn qun snks muy fa`nsta n` tusrnspunstks y qun nsts kognrta ke dgeaca.

;. [u nspnrkoks kprn`dnr n` nstk u`gdkd1

?. [u kprn`dgstn n` nstk u`gdkd1


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^@GDKD GG: Cnstg` dne Tgnmpa


Farks ;4

Kprn`dgzkjn Nspnrkda

Cnstga`k ne tgnmpa, dn klunrda k eksdnmk`dks klkdmglks y ek vgdk dgkrgk.(G`tncrkdk Lampntn`lgk Cn`rglkLampramgsa, Kutacnstg`)

La`tn`gdas

Ikltarns kmn`kzk`tns y

iklgegtkdarns dn eas pralnsas dnpraynllg` klkdmglk yekoarke.

Kutarrncueklg` n` ne mogtaklkdmgla y prainsga`ke.

Rralrkstg`klg` y la`snlun`lgksdn ek pastnrcklg` n` ek vgdkklkdmglk y ekoarke.

Ykrgkoens g`ieuyn`tns n` ne xgtaklkdmgla y prainsga`ke.

_ncekmn`ta Klkdmgla dnG@KLKR.

Nsqunmks arck`gzktgvas,

madneas dn arck`gzklg` dnetgnmpa.

Nstrktncgks dn mk`nja dnk`sgndkd y irustrklg`.

Dgstrgoulg` dne tgnmpa n` ek vgdkdgkrgk, snmk`ke y mn`suke.

Fnrrkmgn`tks dne Kmogn`tn dnKprn`dgzkjn dn G@KLKR (KKG).


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N@ N\TK ^@GDKD
http://www.google.cl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj1kKTI4-_JAhWDPj4KHSxdA5cQjRwIBw&url=http://www.smartthinking.com.mx:8080/oportunidades/proyectos&psig=AFQjCNEQpokUcB2gwKbs4LOr9yqP-FW3MQ&ust=1450884354202108


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LA@TN@GDA\

Kutarrncueklg`

Radnmas tn`nr muy oun`ks g`tn`lga`ns y mnjarns lkpklgdkdns, pnra sg àtrkokjkmas dn iarmk niglgn`tn, ne rn`dgmgn`ta ig`ke pundn snr muy paorn. Dn kquek crk` gmpartk`lgk dn trkokjkr arck`gzkdkmn`tn. Rkrk kpravnlfkr ogn` netgnmpa, à `nlnskrgkmn`tn fky qun fklnr eks lasks ms dnprgsk, yk qun larrnmasne rgnsca dn lamntnr ms ikeeas. Tkmpala fky qun trkokjkr fkstk kcatkrsn, punstaqun ne rn`dgmgn`ta vk dgsmgùyn`da dn iarmk pracrnsgvk. W par supunsta ù`lkfky qun dnjkrsn eenvkr par eas nstkdas dn `gma qun sunen` gr n` la`trk dn ea qunàs la`vgn`n. Rkrk kpravnlfkr ogn` ne tgnmpa ns `nlnskrga qun ùnstra trkokja

snk dgrgcgda g`tnegcn`tnmn`tn. Rkrk neea dnonmas fklnrea la` pek`giglklg` ymtada. (\ae, ?227)

Ek kutarrncueklg` la`sgstn n` u` pralnsa n` ne luke ek pnrsa`k tamkla`lgn`lgk dn kjustns, mndgdks, rnceks u ardn`kr n` luk`ta k kllga`ns qun snrnkegzk` y sa` la`snlun`lgk dn pralnsas. Irnlun`tnmn`tn tgn`ns qun fklnr vkrgkslasks a nslacnr n`trn dginrn`tns pnrsa`ks. Ns pasgoen qun nsa tn lkusn k`custgkpuns ns muy dgilge nencgr. \ncurkmn`tn sgn`tns qun tada ns gmpartk`tn. Nsk k`custgktn pundn eenvkr rpgdkmn`tn k u` nstkda dn nstrs, ne tgnmpa qun dnmarns n`tamkr ek dnlgsg` kdnlukdk. N` alksga`ns às lunstk trkokja nstkoenlnr ùnstrksprgargdkdns, parqun tn`nmas u` laìeglta g`tnrà n`trn eks lasks qun qunrnmas yeks qun skonmas qun às la`vgn`n`.

Eks pnrsa`ks padnmas dnskrraeekr ek lkpklgdkd dn kprn`dnr n` iarmkprapasgtgvk, padnmas lrnkr sgtuklga`ns n` ùnstra kmogn`tn qun às kyudn` kkprn`dnr, padnmas ouslkr ek mnjar mk`nrk dn fklnrea dn klunrda k ùnstrkslkrkltnrstglks lama kprn`dglns y padnmas kpravnlfkr ne kpaya qun atras àsorg`dk`, n` sumk padnmas kprn`dnr k snr kprn`dglns kutarrncuekdas. N` ek vgdkdgkrgk nsta ea kprnlgkmas ke k`kegzkr lma kprn`dnmas k vgvgr n` u`k lgudkd alma kdqugrgmas laàlgmgn`tas dn lasks qun às custk` a lma kprn`dnmas karck`gzkr u` prnsupunsta ikmgegkr. \g` nmokrca, n` ek nslunek, sea n` alksga`nsnsta alurrn n` iarmk `kturke, eks ms dn eks vnlns à ns ks. Eas keumàs à skon`lma kprn`dnr eks mktnrgks, à eacrk` n`la`trkr u` sn`tgda k ea qun sn ens n`snk,`g tkmpala skon` lma arck`gzkr ne kmogn`tn a kpravnlfkr ne kpaya dnemknstra, nxpnrta n` u`k ksgc`kturk. Lma pundn ne mknstra madgiglkr nstksgtuklg`1 kpkrn`tnmn`tn u`k lamog`klg` kdnlukdk dn nstrktncgks dn

n`snk`zk qun la`sgdnrn` ek matgvklg`, eks nstrktncgks dn kprn`dgzkjn y eason`niglgas dn ek g`tnrkllg` salgke, pundn ikvarnlnr qun sus keumàs eencun` k snrkprn`dglns qun kutarrncuen` su kprn`dgzkjn.


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Ek kutarrncueklg` ns ne rnsuetkda dn ek lamog`klg` dn pralnsaslacàslgtgvas, par njnmpea, ek fkogegdkd pkrk pralnskr gìarmklg` lkdk vnz mslampenjk, pralnsas kinltgvas, par njnmpea, sn`tgrsn lampntn`tn n g`tnrnskda n` u`tnmk y, pralnsas salgkens, par njnmpea, eks sgtuklga`ns dn g`tnrkllg` n`trn mknstray keumàs n` u` kuek.

Kprn`dnr k kltukr n` iarmk kutarrncuekdk, par njnmpea, ke n`tn`dnr u`kleksn dn qumglk, dnpn`dn dn qun sn lun`tn la` u` n`trn`kmgn`ta nspnliglapkrk ea luke u`k pkrtn lekvn ns ne daln`tn. Ne aojntgva dn nstn mkùke ns org`dkrgìarmklg` tnrglk y prltglk klnrlk dn ek kutarrncueklg` pkrk qun eas daln`tnsek kdkptn` k su nstgea dn n`snk`zk y pramunvk` qun sus keumàs kprn`dk` k

kprn`dnr n` su mktnrgk.

Lma ns u` keumà qun kutarrncuek su kprn`dgzkjn

Lama pu`ta dn rninrn`lgks ns gmpartk`tn rnlaàlnr k u` keumàkutarrncuekda. Dginrn`tns kutarns lag`lgdn` n` qun nstas keumàs durk`tn sukltgvgdkd klkdmglk:

Ykeark` ek kltgvgdkd dn kprn`dgzkjn y k`tglgpk` sus rnsuetkdas. Rek`tnk` mntks pkrk su njnlulg`. Rek`giglk` y aptgmgzk` su tgnmpa. Tgn`n` lrnn`lgks pasgtgvks klnrlk dn sus fkogegdkdns pkrk kprn`dnr

\a` lkpklns dn ktn`dnr y la`ln`trkrsn durk`tn ek g`strullg`. Nmpenk` nstrktncgks ninltgvks pkrk ksgmgekr, arck`gzkr rnlupnrkr ek

gìarmklg`. Nstkoenln` u` kmogn`tn prapglga pkrk ne kprn`dgzkjn. Nmpenk` niglgn`tnmn`tn rnlursas salgkens. \n nìalk` n` kinltas pasgtgvas Ktrgouyn` sus xgtas y irklksas k sgtuklga`ns okja su la`trae

Nxgstn` dginrn`tns rkza`ns par eks qun u` keumà irklksn ke kutarrncuekrsn nù`k ksgc`kturk dntnrmg`kdk: Rundn snr qun à en la`lndk u` vkear8 dnslaàlnlma pek`tnkrsn mntks a lma dgspa`nr dn su tgnmpa pkrk kelk`zkreks8 sastgn`nlrnn`lgks `ncktgvks klnrlk dn ek ksgc`kturk a dn su lkpklgdkd dn kprn`dnr n`neek8 à skon lma nmpenkr ikvarkoenmn`tn rnlursas salgkens8 a pgn`sk qun ne xgta

n` ek tkrnk dnpn`dn dn lgrlu`stk`lgks iunrk dn su la`trae. Rar nstks rkza`ns ns muygmpartk`tn qun eks sgtuklga`ns dn trkokja n` ne kuek sn pek`gigqun` dn tke mk`nrkqun sn pramunvk ek kutarrncueklg`.


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Lma eacrkrea1Nstkoenlnr prgargdkdns ns iu`dkmn`tke pkrk kelk`zkr ne xgta y à lknr n`

la`dultks qun às eenvn` k pnrdnr ne iala a n` ne pnar dn eas lksas pnrdnr dn vgstkùnstras aojntgvas. Lama tn padrs gmkcg`kr, fkor kltgvgdkdns gmpartk`tns y atrksurcn`tns, kltgvgdkdns gmpartk`tns pnra à urcn`tns, kltgvgdkdns urcn`tns pnra àgmpartk`tns y kltgvgdkdns `g urcn`tns `g gmpartk`tns.

Rgn`sk n` ea sgcugn`tn:Tgn`ns mulfks ksgc`kturks qun lurskr nstn snmnstrn, sg` nmokrca u`k a das sa`

eks qun fkstk kfark tn nst` Lampeglk`da ke nxgstn`lgk. \nk luke snk ek

`kturkenzk dn eks ksgc`kturks, sa` dn vgtke gmpartk`lgk pkrk la`sncugr tu aojntgvadn lurskr sktgsikltargkmn`tn ns tn snmnstrn y par supunsta vgtkens pkrk la`sncugr ne

k`fnekda ttuea prainsga`ke. Ns vgtke qun prkltgquns kutarrncueklg` y ke mnàspundks nstkoenlnr lgnrtks prgargdkdns, tn iketk tgnmpa, trkokjks, tgn`ns ikmgegk,rnspa`skogegdkdns, ntl.

Lma trguìkr n` ne mu`da kltuke1

Lu`tks vnlns fks pn`skda à tn`ca tgnmpa, mn iketk tgnmpa, ne tgnmpa

pksk vaek`da a `nlnsgta ms tgnmpa1 \g nrns lama ne lam` dn eas martkens,mulfks. @a tn luepns ms, `kdgn tn n`sn k kdmg`gstrkr tu tgnmpa n` ne laencga.Kdmg`gstrkr ne tgnmpa rnkemn`tn sgc`giglk kdmg`gstrkrtn k tg mgsma, dn tke mk`nrk

qun pundks aptgmgzkr ne rn`dgmgn`ta dne tgnmpa qun tgn`ns. Ne aojntgva dnon snr neeacra dn aojntgvas, à sgmpenmn`tn ne nstkr alupkda

^`k nstrktncgk dnon snr rnkegstk sg dnsnks qun iu`lga`n, par neea dnonrs

rnlaàlnr qun par ms qun tn prapa`cks, ne dk saea tgn`n ?4 farks, ne mgùtasnsn`tk sncu`das, y qun ne tgnmpa ns ig`gta y à gegmgtkda, par ms qun ea dnsnns.

Kecu`ks tl`glks pkrk arck`gzkr niglkzmn`tn ne tgnmpa

;. Lrnk u` nspklga pkrk tg, egorn dn dgstrkllga`ns (tneiaà, lampknras la`qugn`ns vgvns, tnenvgsg`, ntl.) y lampramtntn k pnrmk`nlnr kee trkokjk`dapar pnrgadas dn n`trn ; y ? farks. _nlunrdk qun dnons g`tnrrumpgr ne nstudgaa trkokja luk`da àtks snkens dn lk`sk`lga isgla a mn`tke.

?. Tus aoegcklga`ns sa` tk` gmpartk`tns lama eks `nlnsgdkdns y rnqunrgmgn`tasdn eas dnms: lamu`glk k qugn`ns vgvn` la`tgca qun tgn`ns emgtns n`luk`ta k qun tn g`tnrrumpk` a ketnrn` tu farkrga dn trkokja.


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?;

Fkz egstks dn tada\gcun tu lken`dkrga a pek``g`c

?. Lken`dkrgas, lraàcrkmks y kenrtks

Ne mk`nja dn lraàcrkmks, dn kekrmks n` eas dgspasgtgvas nenltr`glas pkrkkenrtkr saorn ek eenckdk ke tgnmpa emgtn, fklnr u` keta n` ne lkmgà pkrk dnslk`skry axgcn`krsn, ek laardg`klg` dn kcn`dks vk g`trk`nt (mglrasai aiigln, lkreugs,ntl), y n` cn`nrke ne usa dn eks fnrrkmgn`tks dgspa`goens, sn pundn` la`vnrtgr n`

nxlnen`tns kpayas pkrk kelk`zkr tus aojntgvas.


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Lma lamoktgreas1

Rundn dnlgrsn qun ek rnekjklg` ns u`k nstrktncgk iu`dkmn`tke, lam` kmulfks dn eks tl`glks tnrkputglks dn mk`nja dne nstrs, kdnms dn snr ne pu`tadn pkrtgdk pkrk kira`tkr sgtuklga`ns: kdqugrgr ek lkpklgdkd dn rnekjkrsn madnrk ekkltgvklg` igsgaecglk nxlnsgvk, qun g`lkpklgtk y oeaqunk. Rnrmgtn ks ek kpkrglg`dn lrnktgvgdkd, ksnrtgvgdkd y atras patn`lgkens pkrk ek rnsaeulg` ninltgvk dn easpraoenmks.

Tgn`n` eks tl`glks dn rnekjklg` ninltas sgmgekrns1@a. Dgvnrsas nstudgas fk` mastrkda qun fky dginrn`lgks n` ne tgpa dn

rnekjklg` qun pravalk` a Nstkda-_, ea qun qugnrn dnlgr qun pravalk` lgnrtasnstkdas mn`tkens, nmalga`kens a g`leusa nspgrgtukens dginrn`tns, dnpn`dgn`da dn ektl`glk dn qun sn trktn y dn ek pnrsa`k qun eks prkltglk. Tadks eks tl`glkspravalk` ea qun padnmas eekmkr _nekjklg` Mn`tke, pnra tkmog` ninltas ms

nspnliglas n` eas `gvnens samtgla (s`tamks isglas), kinltgva (ea nmalga`ke) ylac`gtgva (eas pn`skmgn`tas). Rar ea tk`ta, ns la`vn`gn`tn snenllga`kr kquneektl`glk qun mnjar sn kpegqun k ek sgtuklg` qun kira`tkmas, ke tgpa dn s`tamksqun sn mk`gignstk` y k eas ninltas qun sn dnsnk eacrkr.

K mada dn njnmpea, padnmas snkekr eks sgcugn`tns tl`glks y sus ninltas:

Tl`glk: _nekjklg` Musluekr

Rracrnsgvk

Ninltas Rrndamg`k`tns:Kdarmnlgmgn`ta, rnekjklg` isglk,sn`sklg` dn dnsla`nxg`.

G`dglkda pkrk: \`tamks a praoenmksisglas lama daearns a tn`sg` musluekr8g`sam`ga8 iaogks y k`sgndkd k`tnsgtuklga`ns la`lrntks.

Tl`glk: _nspgrklg` (Nxgstn u`k crk`

vkrgndkd dn neeks)

Ninltas Rrndamg`k`tns: La`slgn`lgk,

n`nrck.

G`dglkda pkrk: \`tamks a praoenmksrneklga`kdas la` nmalga`ns `ncktgvkspar ne nstrs, lama ne sn`tgmgn`ta dndnprnsg`, k`sgndkd a grrgtkogegdkd8praoenmks dn la`ln`trklg`, dnsck`aa iktgck.

Tl`glk: Gmkcg`nrk Tl`glk: Mndgtklg`


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\NMK@K 9


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?4

Kltgvgdkd ;: Rkrk Lamn`zkr.^`k eulfk G`tnr`k

Rkrk Lamn`zkr:;. K qu praoenmk sn n`irn`tk ne pnrsa`kjn dne lmgl1?. [u s n` tar`a k ek kutarrncueklg`1


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Kltgvgdkd ?:

Trktk dn arck`gzkr tus kltgvgdkdns lktncargz`daeks dn ek sgcugn`tn mk`nrk:

;. ^rcn`tn n Gmpartk`tn: nsg`dgspn`skoen qun en dndgqunstgnmpa kfark Mgsma.

?. ^rcn`tn pnra a Gmpartk`tn: n` ekmndgdk dn ea pasgoen dnonsdnenckrea.


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N` Nqugpas tamn` ne sgcugn`tn dnskia:

Fkln u` tgnmpa Ng`stng` prapusa nstn klnrtgja dgjaqun ne 76% dn ek paoeklg` mu`dgke à snrklkpkz dn rnsaevnrea. Ne klnrtgja dgln ks: Tn`nmas> lksks dn lg`la laearns dginrn`tns y n` lkdk u`kdn neeks vgvn u`k pnrsa`k dn u`k `klga`kegdkddginrn`tn. Lkdk uà dn eas dunas onon u`konogdk dginrn`tn, iumk u`k mkrlk dn lgckrrgeeasdginrn`tn y tgn`n u`k mkslatk dginrn`tn. Tn`nmaseks sgcugn`tns lekvns:

;. Ne orgt`gla vgvn n` ek lksk rajk.?. Ne sunla tgn`n u` pnrra.. Ne duna dn ek lksk vnrdn tamk lki.9. Ek pnrsa`k qun iumk Rkee Mkee tgn`n u` pjkra.3. Ne duna dn ek lksk kmkrgeek iumk Du`fgee.6. Ne qun vgvn n` ek lksk dne ln`tra tamk enlfn.7. Ne arunca vgvn n` ek prgmnrk lksk.;2.Ek pnrsa`k qun iumk Orn`ds vgvn ju`ta k ek qun tgn`n u` ckta.;;.Ek pnrsa`k qun tgn`n u` lkokeea vgvn ju`ta k ek qun iumk Du`fgee.;?.Ne qun iumk Oeunmkstnrs onon lnrvnzk.;.Ne qun iumk Orn`ds tgn`n u` vnlgà qun tamk kcuk.

W par etgma ek prncu`tk: [ug` ns ne duna dne pnlnlgta1 \nrs lkpkz dnrnsaevnrea1

\g Eacrkra` eenckr k ek _nspunstk dnslrgok` ek nstrktncgk qun utgegzkra` lamanqugpa.

_nienxga`nmas:;. Ns gmpartk`tn utgegzkr ek kutarrncueklg` pkrk ne eacra dn aojntgvas

klkdmglas1?. Lu`ta pundn gìeugr n` ne pralnsa dn kprn`dgzkjn ek laardg`klg` ninltgvk

dn u` nqugpa dn trkokja1


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@a dnjns pkrk Mkk`k ea qun pundns fklnr fay

La`tnstk eks sgcugn`tns prncu`tks:

;. Fks nslulfkda ne trmg`aRralrkstg`klg`1

?. Kecu`k vnz fks dnjkda pkrk ms tkrdnkecu`k tkrnk a ekoar gmpartk`tn


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?6

Kltgvgdkd ?: Mkàs k ek Aork

N` nqugpas dn trkokja:;. La`vnrsn` saorn sgtuklga`ns dn la`dultks pralrkstg`kdarks qun fk`

padgda aosnrvkr n` n`tarà. Mn`lga`n` ke mnàs > la`dultks qunnjnmpegigqun` ke pralrkstg`kdar y dnslrgok` eks sgtuklga`ns.

La`dultk Dnslrgplg`

?. Negjk` u`k dn eks sgtuklga`ns lamn`tkdks y rnprns`tnèk irn`tn ke lursa.Tadas eas g`tncrk`tns dnon` pkrtglgpkr dn kecu`k mk`nrk. Durklg` mxgmk> mgùtas.

Kltgvgdkd


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\NMK@K 6


xgta y rnekjklg` la`trk ne nstrs ;;/26/?2;>

Nstudgk`tns nxgtasas: luens sa` sus prg`lgpkenslkrkltnrstglks1

\unks la` snr u` nstudgk`tn ;2 y à skonslma eacrkrea1@a tn prnalupns! N` nstk àtktn prnsn`tkmas eks prg`lgpkens lkrkltnrstglksdn eas nstudgk`tns nxgtasas.

Wk fk lamn`zkda ne sncu`da snmnstrny à eacrks qun tus lkegiglklga`ns mnjarn`. Tn

n`lgnrrks farks k nstudgkr y à eacrks rntn`nr`g`c` dkta. Aosnrvks lma tus lampknraseacrk` sus aojntgvas klkdmglas sg`kpkrn`tnmn`tn rnkegzkr crk`dns nsiunrzas.

\g stn ns tu sn`tgmgn`ta cn`nrkernspnlta k ek u`gvnrsgdkd fay, à tn prnalupns.\a` mgens eas nstudgk`tns qun lampkrtn` nstntgpa dn sn`sklg` y ouslk` la`snjas pkrkmnjarkr su rn`dgmgn`ta. \unks la` snr u`nstudgk`tn ;2 y à skons lma eacrkrea1K la`tgùklg` tn prnsn`tkmas eks 6 lkrkltnrstglks prg`lgpkens dn eas nstudgk`tns nxgtasas , snc`puoeglk ne partke Ndulktga` Lar`nr.

;. Tgn`n` u`k rutg`k dn nstudga nstkoenlgdk@kdk n` ek vgdk dn u` nstudgk`tn dnstklkdans gmpravgskda. A ke mnàs à sus rutg`ks dnnstudga. Tadas tgn`n` u` lken`dkrga dnig`gdala` farkrgas, tnmtglks n g`leusa dnslk`sas.

?. ^tgegzk` mkpks mn`tkens y tl`glks dnrntn`lg`G`tn`tkr kprn`dnr tada dn mnmargk à ns u`ktl`glk ninltgvk dn nstudga. Ea gmpartk`tn nsqun n`tgn`dks rklga`kemn`tn ea qun nstudgks,pudgn`da fklnr la`nxga`ns ecglks n`trnla`lnptas, kla`tnlgmgn`tas, ntl. Rkrkeacrkrea, eas mkpks mn`tkens sa` dn crk`kyudk. Tkmog` dnstklkr eks gdnksiu`dkmn`tkens dn lkdk prrkia qun enns.. Laàln` sus prapgas emgtns

^`k dn eks lkrkltnrstglks qun lampkrtn` easnstudgk`tns dnstklkdas ns qun pkrnln`ù`lk nstkr korumkdas. Lma ea fkln`1\gmpen: laàln` sus emgtns, skon` lu`datgn`n` qun nstudgkr y lu`da pkrkr kdnslk`skr a fklnr kltgvgdkdns rnekjk`tns.9. Rundn` kgsekrsn dn eks dgstrkllga`nsIklnoaah, Sfktskpp, Twgttnr, G`stkcrkmEksdgstrkllga`ns nst` par daqugnr y ke kelk`lndn ek mkà n`ta`lns, lma la`traekrea1\gmpen. Kprn`dn k kgsekrtn lampentkmn`tn dnneeks n` tus tgnmpas dn nstudga: pa` tusmkrtpfa`n n` sgen`lga y mada kvg`. \g ogn`nsta rnqugnrn dn u`k oun`k dasgs dn dgslgpeg`k,à ns gmpasgoen.3. \kon` mk`njkr ek k`sgndkdTadas pkskmas par u` nstkda dn k`sgndkdluk`da sn klnrlk ek inlfk dne nxkmn` a ek

n`trnck n` lunstg`. Ek lekvn ns kprn`dnr kmk`njkr nstn nstrs gmpenmn`tk`da, parnjnmpea, tl`glks dn a rnspgrklg` y rnekx. Atrkoun`k aplg` ns rnkegzkr kecu`k kltgvgdkd


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sgtuklga`ns qun àrmkemn`tn ens pradulnìrustrklg` y nstrs y eks nmalga`ns a sn`tgmgn`tas qun pravalk` n` ustndns,kdnms, dgsnn` u`k nstrktncgk pkrk padnr kira`tkr lkdk u`k dn neeks.Rastnrgarmn`tn nslajk` u`k sgtuklg` y rnprns`tnèk irn`tn ke lursa la` surnspnltgvk nstrktncgk.

\gtuklg` Nmalga`ns/\n`tgmgn`tas Nstrktncgk

;.

?.

.

_nienxga`nmas:

Tgn`ns kecu`ks lkrkltnrstglks dn u` nstudgk`tn nxgtasa1Kecu`k vnz prkltglkstn u`k tl`glk dn rnekjklg` pkrk nìrn`tkr ne nstudga1[u kpartn pundn sgc`giglkr k tu iutura klkdmgla y prainsga`ke1


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56/91


%dn eas 62 mge rncgstrkdas n` nstks lkrrnrks

Lastnkr eas nstudgas u`gvnrsgtkrgas ns u`krnkegdkd qun mulfas jvn`ns dnon` ksumgr ktnmprk`k ndkd. Rkrk nsta, ek mkyark dn easnstudgk`tns dnon` aptkr par eks lkrrnrks vnspnrtg`ks,ea qun ens pnrmgtn trkokjkr durk`tn ne dk y nstudgkr nèk àlfn.

Kdnms, snc` nstkdstglks dne La`snja@klga`ke dn Ndulklg`,n` eas etgmas kas eas keumàsms jvn`ns, mulfas dn neeas rnlg` ncrnskdas dnn`snk`zk mndgk, lamn`zkra` k kumn`tkr su

prnsn`lgk n` eks jar`kdks vnspnrtg`ks.\g ogn` ek ndkd pramndga dn eas keumàs qun nstudgk` n` nstn farkrga ieultk n`trn eas ?> y 42 kas,eas nstudgk`tns n`trn ;6 y ;7 kas rnprnsn`tk` ne >% dn eas 62 mge rncgstrkdas n` nstks lkrrnrks. Rar njnmpea, n` ?2;? ek^`gvnrsgdkd dn Eks Kmrglksmktrglue ;47 keumàs n`trn eas ;6 y ;7 kas, lgirkqun pkrk nstn pralnsa dn kdmgsg` kumn`t 62%. N` ek ^. Mkyar,eas nstudgk`tns n`trn eas ;3 y ;7

kas dn ndkd sn dupeglkra` n`trn ne ?2;; y ?2;


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K la`tgùklg` sn prnsn`tk ek kltgvgdkd [u fklns durk`tn ne dk1

G@\T_^LLGA@N\: Lampentk ne lukdra dn Dgstrgoulg` dne tgnmpa dn mk`nrknspa`t`nk, sg` dntn`nrtn k rnienxga`kr mulfa saorn ea qun fklns lkdk dk, msogn` saorn tu pnrlnplg`.

Dgstrgoulg` dne tgnmpa

Farks uskdksn` lkdk dk:

Kltgvgdkdns: Eu`ns Mkrtns Mgrlaens Junvns Ygnr`ns \okda Damg`ca

LeksnsNstudga

Dnslk`sa àlturà

Njnrlglga/dnpartns

Lampramgsasikmgegkrns

Lugdkdapnrsa`ke/ksna

Lamgdks:dnskyuà,kemunrza, ln`k...

Trk`spartn(G`stgtuta,^`gvnrsgdkd,trkokja, ntl.)

Trkokja/prltglks/pksk`tks

Alga (TY, juncas,sgnstk, iklnoaahs uatrks)

Ygdk salgkeprnsn`lgke

Atras

KLTGYGDKD:


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)

Kltgvgdkd 4: Mg lken`dkrga Gdnke.

N` nqugpa tamn` ùnvkmn`tn ne pek`g`gc snmk`ke y nstkoenzlk` u`k dgstrgoulg`farkrgk da`dn la`tnmpen` farks dn nstudga klardn k su dnmk`dk klkdmglk.

@a aevgdkr: Nxgstn u` m`gma dn farks dn kdnlukda dnslk`sa (6 farks kprax.) Eks farks dn leksns dgkrgks qun à sn pundn` madgiglkr Ne dk saea tgn`n ?4 farks

Mg lken`dkrga gdnke

Farks uskdksn` lkdk dk:

Kltgvgdkdns: Eu`ns Mkrtns Mgrlaens Junvns Ygnr`ns \okda Damg`ca

Leksns

Nstudga

Dnslk`sa àlturà

Njnrlglga/dnpartns

Lampramgsasikmgegkrns

Lugdkdapnrsa`ke/ksna

Lamgdks:dnskyuà, kemunrza,ln`k...

Trk`spartn(G`stgtuta, ^`gvnrsgdkd,trkokja, ntl.)

Trkokja/prltglks/pksk`tks


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Lampkrtgn`da @unstras kvk`lns

Nstkmas n` ek etgmk leksn dn nstk u`gdkd, fay lkdk nqugpa tn`dr tgnmpa pkrklampkrtgr eas kprn`dgzkjns kelk`zkdas._nspa`dn eks sgcugn`tns g`tnrrack`tns, ns gmpartk`tn qun snks muy fa`nsta n` tusrnspunstks y qun nsts kognrta ke dgeaca.

^@GDKD GGG: Nstrktncgks dn Kprn`dgzkjn y Mntklac`glg`.

;. [u nspnrkoks kprn`dnr n` nstk u`gdkd1

?. [u kprn`dgstn n` nstk u`gdkd1


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Farks ?2

Dnons skonr qun fay n` dk pundns suorkykr utgegzk`da eks fnrrkmgn`tks qun Sarda RDI tn airnln`

Rralurk à lamntnr nrrarns lama nstn

[u fky qun suorkykr1Ms qun dnstklkr pkekorks fky qun dnstklkr gdnks, dktas, inlfks,

tnl`glgsmas, leksgiglklga`ns, ne ttuea y eas suottueas, eks gdnks iu`dkmn`tkens, ekspkekorks ùnvks, eas àmorns prapgas, inlfks y dntkeens gmpartk`tns.

^`k @unvk _utk

Ne mkpk La`lnptuke


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>;

Eas mkpks la`lnptukens la`stgtuyn` u` niglkz mndga pkrk rnprnsn`tkrcriglkmn`tn gdnks a la`lnptas qun nst` rneklga`kdasjnrrquglkmn`tn.

Mndgk`tn nstn pralndgmgn`ta kpravnlfkrnmas ne padnr la`lnptuke dn eksgmcn`ns, iklgegtk`da ne kprn`dgzkjny ne rnlunrdadn u` tnmk. Dnsdn eunca à sntrktk dn mnmargzkr eas mkpks y rnpradulgreas n` tadas sus dntkeens, sgà dn utgegzkreaspkrk arck`gzkr ne la`tn`gda dn nstudga. Ek tl`glk dn nekoarklg` dn mkpksla`lnptukens ns u` mndga dgdltgla padnrasa pkrk arck`gzkr gìarmklg`,sg`tntgzkrek y prnsn`tkrek. Rundn snrvgr pkrk nxpa`nry dnskrraeekr arkemn`tn u` tnmkdn mk`nrk ecglk y ardn`kdk.

Lma sn laìnllga`k u` mkpk la`lnptuke1;. Enn lugdkdaskmn`tn ne tnxta fkstk n`tn`dnrea la` lekrgdkd. N` lksa dn

la`tn`nr pkekorks dn dgilge sgc`giglkda, fkors dn la`suetkreks n` ne dgllga`krga ylampraokr qu iu`lg` dnsnmpnk` n` su la`tnxta.?. Ealkegzk y suorkyk eks gdnks a trmgàs ms gmpartk`tns (pkekorks lekvn) la` eksqun nekoarkrs ne mkpk.. ^tgegzk larrnltkmn`tn u`k sgmoaeack criglk (rnlt`cueas, paecaàs, vkeas,ntl.).

Nenmn`tas la` eas qun sn la`struyn ne mkpk;. Gdnks a la`lnptasLkdk u`k dn neeks sn prnsn`tk nslrgog`daek n`lnrrkdk n` u` vkea, rnlt`cuea uatrk igcurk cnamtrglk.

?. La`nltarnsEk la`nxg` a rneklg` n`trn das gdnks sn rnprnsn`tk par mndga dn u`k e`nkg`leg`kdk, vnrtglke u fargza`tke eekmkdk la`nltar a e`nk rkmke qun u`n kmoksgdnks.

Rralndgmgn`ta pkrk la`strugrea:

Rrgmnra: Ennu` tnxta n gdn`tgiglk n` e eks pkekorks qun nxprnsn` eks gdnksprg`lgpkens a pkekorks lekvn. @a sn trktk dn g`leugr mulfk gìarmklg` n` ne mkpk,sgà ek ms rnenvk`tn.

\ncu`da: Luk`da fkyks la`leugda la` ea k`tnrgar, suorkyk eks pkekorks qungdn`tgiglkstn8 ksncrktn dn qun lgnrtkmn`tn sn trktk dn ea ms gmpartk`tn y qun`kdk saorn a iketn.


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Tnrlnra: Gdn`tgiglk ne tnmk a ksu`ta cn`nrke y nslronea n` ek pkrtn supnrgar dnemkpk la`lnptuke, n`lnrrkda n` u` vkea a rnlt`cuea.Lukrta8 Gdn`tgiglk eks gdnks qun la`stgtuyn` eas suotnmks qu dgln ne tnxta dnetnmk a ksu`ta prg`lgpke1 Nslroneas n` ne sncu`da `gvne, tkmog` n`lnrrkdas n`vkeas a rnlt`cueas.[ug`ta: Trkzk eks la`nxga`nslarrnspa`dgn`tns n`trn ne tnmk prg`lgpke y easdginrn`tns suotnmks.\nxta: N` ne tnrlnr `gvnelaealk eas kspnltas nspnliglas dn lkdk gdnk a suotnmk,n`lnrrkdas n` vkeas a rnlt`cueas. Eks rkmgiglklga`ns dn atras `gvnens(lukrta,qug`ta, ntl) eks padrs g`leugr sg la`sgdnrks qun pasnn` suiglgn`tn rnenvk`lgk ykpartk` lekrgdkd.

_nlamn`dklga`ns:

Ns la`vn`gn`tn rnvgskr su mkpk vkrgks vnlns pkrk lampraokr sg eksla`nxga`ns nst` larrnltkmn`tn dntnrmg`kdks. Eks gdnks pundn` snr larrnltkmn`tn rnprnsn`tkdks dn mk`nrks dginrn`tns.Dn fnlfa, ns pala usuke qun das pnrsa`ks la`struyk` mkpks gd`tglas saorn u`mgsma pkrtgluekr8 à nxgstn u` madnea `gla dn mkpk la`lnptuke. Ku`qun tu mkpk à snk gcuke qun eas dn tus lampknras, k` fkog`damk`njkda ek mgsmk gìarmklg`, snr larrnlta sg lamprn`dn eas kspnltas msgmpartk`tns y eas nxprnsk dn mk`nrk jnrkrqugzkdk y ecglk. N` lukequgnr lksa, u` mkpk la`lnptuke nstkr klnrtkdkmn`tnlaìnllga`kda sg pasnn sgc`giglkda pkrk qugn` ea fk rnkegzkda y stn ns lkpkz dntrk`smgtgr larrnltkmn`tn k atras ea rnprnsn`tkda.

Dn snr `nlnskrga, sn rnpntgr luk`tks vnlns snk prnlgsa k ig` dn larrncgrpasgoens dniglgn`lgks.


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G`tnegcn`lgks Metgpens, dn Fawkrd Ckrd`nr:

;. Eg`cstglk. N` eas `gas sn kprnlgk n` su iklgegdkd pkrk nslrgogr, ennr, la`tkrlun`tas a fklnr lrulgcrkmks.?. Ecglk-mktnmtglk. \n kprnlgk n` eas mnàrns par su g`tnrs n` pktra`ns dnmndgdk, lktncarks y rneklga`ns. Iklgegdkd pkrk ek rnsaeulg` dn praoenmkskrgtmtglas, juncas dn nstrktncgk y nxpnrgmn`tas.. Musglke. Eas mnàrns sn mk`gignstk` irnlun`tnmn`tn la` lk`lga`ns y sa`gdas.Gdn`tgiglk` la` iklgegdkd eas sa`gdas.9. G`trkpnrsa`ke. Kpkrnln` lama g`travnrtgdas y tmgdas. Ygvn` sus prapgassn`tgmgn`tas y sn kutamatgvk` g`tnenltukemn`tn3. G`tnrpnrsa`ke. \n lamu`glk` ogn` y sa` ednrns n` sus crupas. N`tgn`dn` ogn` eassn`tgmgn`tas dn eas dnms y praynltk` la` iklgegdkd eks rneklga`ns g`tnrpnrsa`kens.6. G`tnegcn`lgk kturkegstk. Iklgegdkd dn lamu`glklg` la` ek `kturkenzk.Ckrd`nr ;76>

Ne dntn`nrsn k rnlaàlnr ne aojntgva y ig`kegdkd dn u` njnrlglga a tkrnk qunsn vkyk k rnkegzkr (dgstg`cugn`da, par njnmpea, n`trn uà qun sgrvn pkrk nen`rgqunlgmgn`ta dne valkouekrga mndgk`tn ek enlturk dn u` tnxta y atra qunsgrvn pkrk ne pnrinllga`kmgn`ta dn ek lamprn`sg` enltark)

Ek kutanvkeuklg` dn u`k kltgvgdkd yk rnkegzkdk Ek osqundk dn alksga`ns dn prltglk pkrk la`saegdkr ea kprn`dgda n` ek

leksn.


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>9

\NMK@K ;;


^` nxpnrta dne nstudgaMg crk` praynlta

;. [u sn `nlnsgtk pkrk ck`kr u`k pkrtgdk dn kjndrnz1?. [u la`algmgn`tas rnqugnrn` eas juckdarns1


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>3

Egstn` n` ne sgcugn`tn rnlukdra eks ksgc`kturks qun nstks lursk`da nstn snmnstrn,pkrk lkdk u`k dntnrmg`k eks lkrkltnrstglks (prltglk a enltgvk, ntl) ne tgnmpa dnnstudga ksgc`kda y ek tl`glk a nstrktncgk qun utgegzks kltukemn`tn.

K\GC@KT^_K LK_KLTN_\TGLK\ TGNMRA N\T_KTNCGK I_NL^N@TN


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Kltgvgdkd


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>7

\NMK@K ;?

Kltgvgdkd ;: \uorkykda lamprn`sgva.

N` nqugpa trkokjn` u` ttuea dne rncekmn`ta klkdmgla (Ksgc`kda par ne daln`tn),kpeglk`da ek nstrktncgk dne suorkykda lamprn`sgva.

Rkrk ek kltgvgdkd sn sucgnrn trkokja la` RL.
http://www.google.cl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi95fW7qfDJAhWG4CYKHVhsA4QQjRwIBw&url=http://www.rinconpsicologia.com/2012/12/la-tecnica-del-subrayado-estudiar-menos.html&bvm=bv.110151844,d.eWE&psig=AFQjCNERpZKlh4xAvuUQjkYp7eQGXFHH_w&ust=1450903118743004


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\NMK@K ;


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\NMK@K ;4

Kltgvgdkd ;: Tnst dn G`tnegcn`lgks muetgpens, dn Fawkrd Ckrd`nr

G@\T_^LLGA@N\: enn lkdk u`k dn eks kigrmklga`ns. \g nxprnsk` lkrkltnrstglksiunrtns n` tu pnrsa`k y tn pkrnln qun ek kigrmklg` ns vnrkz n`ta`lns laealk u`kY (n` u`k fajk ju`ta ke `mnra dn ek prncu`tk) y sg à ea ns, laealk u`k I.

;.Rrnignra fklnr u` mkpk qun nxpeglkren k kecugn` lama tgn`n qun eenckr.?.\g nstay nàjkda(k) a la`tn`ta (k) cn`nrkemn`tn s nxkltkmn`tn par qu..Runda sumkra muetgpeglkr mn`tkemn`tn la` mulfk rkpgdnz9.Runda kyudkr k u` kmgca k mk`njkr sus sn`tgmgn`tas parqun ya ea pudn

fklnr k`tns n` rneklg` k sn`tgmgn`tas pkrnlgdas.3.Mn custk trkokjkr la` lkeluekdarks y lamputkdarns.6.Kprn`da rpgda k okgekr u`rgtma ùnva.7.@a mn ns dgilge dnlgr ea qun pgn`sa n` ne lursa dn u`k dgslusg` a dnoktn.;2Dgsiruta dn u`k oun`k lfkrek, dgslursa a snrm`.;;\gnmprn dgstg`ca ne àrtn dne sur, nst da`dn nst.;?....Mn custk rnu`gr crupas dn pnrsa`ks n` u`k ignstk a n` u` nvn`ta nspnlgke.;Mn custk fklnr rampnlkonzks y n`trntn`nrmn la` juncas nenltr`glas;9Mn iun ilge kprn`dnr k k`dkr n` oglglentk. ( a pktg`ns);3Mn nàja luk`da agca u`k dgslusg` a u`k kigrmklg` qun pkrnln gecglk.;6\ay lkpkz dn la`vn`lnr k atras qun sgck` mgs pek`ns.;7Tn`ca oun` sn`tgda dn nqugegorga y laardg`klg`.?2La` irnlun`lgk vna laìgcurklga`ns y rneklga`ns n`trn `mnras la` msrkpgdnz y iklgegdkd qun atras.?;Mn custk la`strugr madneas ( a fklnr nslueturks)??Tn`ca kcudnzk pkrk n`la`trkr ne sgc`giglkda dn eks pkekorks.?Mn custk trkokjkr la` `mnras y igcurks?9Mn custk sn`tkrmn sgen`lgaskmn`tn y rnienxga`kr saorn mgs sn`tgmgn`tas`tgmas. ?3La` sea mgrkr ek iarmk dn la`strullga`ns y nstrulturks mn sgn`ta kcusta.?6Mn custk tkrkrnkr, sgeokr y lk`tkr n` ek dulfk a luk`da nstay saek.?7\ay ounà(k) pkrk ne ktentgsma.


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KFA_K _NYG\K EK\ \GC^GN@TN\ R_NC^@TK\ N@ NE A_DN@ DKDA:\G R^\G\TN YN_DKDN_A K\GC@KEN\ ^@ R^@TA K LKDK ^@K W \^MK EA\ R^@TA\

K) 7 -;2-;3-??--3-;>-?2-?> =

L) ;-;;-;4-?


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Kltgvgdkd ;: Yaevgn`da k mg crk` praynlta

Ek snmk`k ;; tamkmas u`k ksgc`kturk qun dnslrgogmas n g`dglkmas eas rnsuetkdasdn ek prgmnrk `atk. Kfark n` nstk sncu`dk pkrtn, dnonrnmas dnslrgogr eks mndgdksqun tamkmas pkrk nstudgkr ms niglgn`tnmn`tn y eacrkr u` mnjar pu`tkjn8 pkrkneea dnonmas g`dglkr ea sgcugn`tn:Nxpeglkr ne dgsna dn u` pek` dn trkokja g`dgvgduke qun la`sgdnrn nstrktncgks dnnstudga g`dgvgduke y/a crupke, tamk`da n` lun`tk ek nxpnrgn`lgk dn ek prgmnrknvkeuklg`.

_nlunrdk rnvgskr eks nstrktncgks dn nstudga k`kegzkdks n` leksns qun patn`lgkrk`mnjarns kprn`dgzkjns.Kdnms nstn pek` ea dnons la`lrntkr n` ek ksgc`kturk nslacgdk, par ea qun dnonssnr fa`nsta y muy pek`giglkda.

Rek` dn trkokja.

Nstrktncgk Kpeglklg` Farkrga dnsgc`kdapkrk ek njnlulg`

Mnjark prnvgstk


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\NMK@K ;9

Kltgvgdkd: Nvkeuk`da

Wk eenckmas lksg ke ig`ke dn nstk nxpnrgn`lgk, à aostk`tn k` às rnstk kig`krkecuàs dntkeens. Ek leksn k`tnrgar gdnkmas u` pek` mknstra pkrk aptgmgzkr netrkokja dn u`k ksgc`kturk y ns tgnmpa dn ùnstrk prgmnrk kutanvkeuklg`.

K trkvs dn nstk pkutk rnkegzkrs u`k kutanvkeuklg` dn tu dnsnmpna n` nednskrraeea dne trkokja. Nslrgon u` \G a u` @A n` ne nspklga qun larrnspa`dn sg

la`sgdnrks qun rnkegzkstn a à ea pek`tnkda n` ne g`dglkdar.

G`dglkdar \g/@a

;.

Mn fn lampramntgda la` ne trkokja dn ek ksgc`kturk?. _nkegl eks tkrnks qun mn ksgc`. Mn fn nsiarzkda n` supnrkr mgs dgigluetkdns n` ek ksgc`kturk

snenllga`kdk9. Fn kpravnlfkda eks leksns pkrk klekrkr dudks3. Fn sgda nxgcn`tn la`mgca mgsma (k) n` eas trkokjas

rnkegzkdas n` ek ksgc`kturk g`tnrvn`gdk6. Mn sgn`ta sktgsinlfa (k) la` ne trkokja rnkegzkda7. Fn lumpegda apartu`kmn`tn la` mgs trkokjas;2.Fn ksgstgda rncuekrmn`tn k leksns

Lkegiglk tu trkokja, ksgc`k`da u` pu`ta par lkdk rnspunstk pasgtgvk.


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Lampkrtgn`da @unstras kvk`lns

Nstkmas n` ek etgmk leksn dn nstk u`gdkd, fay lkdk nqugpa tn`dr tgnmpa pkrklampkrtgr eas kprn`dgzkjns kelk`zkdas.

_nspa`dn eks sgcugn`tns g`tnrrack`tns, ns gmpartk`tn qun snks muy fa`nsta n` tusrnspunstks y qun nsts kognrta ke dgeaca.

\NMK@K ;3

;.

[u nspnrkoks kprn`dnr n` nstk u`gdkd1

?.

[u kprn`dgstn n` nstk u`gdkd1


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\NMK@K ;6

Eenckmas k ek mntk


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Lnrrk`da nstn prgmnr snmnstrn tn g`vgta k rnienxga`kr la` tus lampknras:

;. [u nspnrkoks kprn`dnr n` nstk ksgc`kturk1

?. [u kprn`dgstn rnkemn`tn1


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I^N@TN\ OGOEGAC_IGLK\ DNE L^_\A

Ogoegacrkik

Lkenra Rrnz, M. (?227). Tl`glks dn nstudga.Mxgla: Keikamnck Crupa Ndgtar.

Damg`cunz Ekrk, \. K. (?2;4). R_AL_K\TG@KLG@ KLKDMGLK: YKEGDKLG@ DN @K N\LKEKN@ @K @GYN_\GDKD R_GYKDK. Egonrkogt, ?2(?), ?7). ^`gvnrsgk.Aotn`gda dn www.`atglgks.u`gvnrsgk.le

Ysqunz, K. (s.i.). \KE^DKOEN\. _nlupnrkda ne ?> dn \nptgnmorn dn ?2;>, dnfttp://www.uogaoga.le/uooskeudkoen/rnekjklga`la`trknstrns.ftme

Lamn`tkda XR

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