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ASST. PROF. RITESH PATEL ASST. PROF. PARTH SHAH C.E. DEPT., CIT-CHANGA [email protected] [email protected] MOBILE COMPUTING

Gsm Sms Gprs

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ASST. PROF. RITESH PATELASST. PROF. PARTH SHAH

C.E. DEPT., CIT-CHANGA

[email protected]@ecchanga.ac.in

MOBILE COMPUTING

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OUT LINE

GSM Architecture

SMS Architecture

GPRS Architecture

MMS Architecture

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GSM SERVICES

Tele-services Bearer or Data Service Supplementary Services

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TELE SERVICES • Telecommunication services that enable voice communication

via mobile phones

• Offered services

- Mobile telephony

- Emergency calling

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BEARER SERVICES

Include various data services for information transfer between GSM and other networks like PSTN, ISDN etc at rates from 300 to 9600 bps

Short Message Service (SMS) up to 160 character alphanumeric data transmission to/from the mobile terminal

Voice mailbox Electronic mail

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SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICESCall related services :• Call Waiting- Notification of an incoming call while on the handset• Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call• Call Barring- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls• Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined by the

user• Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls together• CLIP – Caller line identification presentation• CLIR – Caller line identification restriction• CUG – Closed user group

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GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREBSC

BSC

MSC

MS

MS

MS BTS

BTS

BTS

GMSC

PSTNISDNPDN

EIRAUC

HLR

VLR

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GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

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LOGICAL VIEW OF GSM NETWORK

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GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE-I Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Equipment (ME)Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)Base Transceiver Station (BTS)Base Station Controller (BSC)

Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)Mobile Switching Center (MSC)Home Location Register (HLR)Visitor Location Register (VLR)Authentication Center (AUC)Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

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MOBILE STATION (MS)The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:

1. Mobile Equipment (ME)2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

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MOBILE STATION (MS) Mobile Equipment

Portable, vehicle mounted, hand held device Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International

Mobile Equipment Identity) Voice and data transmission Monitoring power and signal quality of

surrounding cells for optimum handover Power level : 0.8W – 20 W 160 character long SMS.

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MOBILE STATION (MS) CONTD.Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Smart card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services

Encoded network identification details - Key Ki, Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms Protected by a password or PIN Can be moved from phone to phone

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MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITIES IN GSM IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity

MCC + MNC + MSIN Shall not exceed 15 digits First 2 digits of MSIN identify HLR

TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity It is MSC-VLR Specific

MSISDN: Mobile Station ISDN Composed of CC + NDC + SN First two digits of SN identify HLR

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CONTINUE……

MSRN: Mobile Station Roaming Number Allocated Temporary during roaming It is used by HLR to reroute the call to roaming

area It is per call basis Upon receiving MSRN, HLR informs to GMSC

IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity It is used to determine

authorized (white), unauthorized (black), and malfunctioning (gray) GSM hardware

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BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS) Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts

that communicate across the standardized Abis interface allowing operation between components made by different suppliers

1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)2. Base Station Controller (BSC)

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BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS): Encodes,encrypts,multiplexes,modulates and

feeds the RF signals to the antenna. Frequency hopping Communicates with Mobile station and BSC Consists of Transceivers (TRX) units

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BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Manages Radio resources for BTS Assigns Frequency and time slots

for all MS’s in its area Handles call set up Transcoding and rate adaptation

functionality Handover for each MS Radio Power control It communicates with MSC and BTS

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Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Heart of the network Manages communication between GSM and

other networks Call setup function and basic switching Call routing Billing information and collection Mobility management

- Registration- Location Updating- Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff

MSC does gateway function while its customer roams to other network by using HLR/VLR.

NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

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NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

Home Location Registers (HLR)

- permanent database about mobile subscribers in a large service area(generally one per GSM network operator)

database contains IMSI, MSISDN, prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions, supplementary services.

Visitor Location Registers (VLR)

Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR database

Controls those mobiles roaming in its area Reduces number of queries to HLR Database contains IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, MSRN, Location

Area, authentication key

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NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

Authentication Center (AUC) - Protects against intruders in air interface- Maintains authentication keys and algorithms

and provides security triplets ( RAND,SRES,Kc)- Generally associated with HLR

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)- Database that is used to track handsets using

the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List

Only one EIR per PLMN

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GSM SPECIFICATIONS-1

RF SpectrumGSM 900 Mobile to BTS (uplink): 890-915 Mhz BTS to Mobile(downlink):935-960 Mhz Bandwidth : 2* 25 Mhz

GSM 1800 Mobile to BTS (uplink): 1710-1785

Mhz BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1805-1880

Mhz Bandwidth : 2* 75 Mhz

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GSM SPECIFICATION-II

Carrier Separation : 200 Khz Duplex Distance : 45 Mhz No. of RF carriers : 124 Access Method : TDMA/FDMA Modulation Method : GMSK Modulation data rate : 270.833

Kbps

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GSM ARCHITECTURE

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

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FULL NETWORK DIAGRAM

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FUNCTIONAL GROUPING: REF. POINTS

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CALL ROUTING

Call Originating from MS Call termination to MS

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OUTGOING CALL

1. MS sends dialed number to BSS

2. BSS sends dialed number to MSC

3. MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the requested service. If so, MSC asks BSS to allocate resources for call.

5 MSC routes the call to GMSC6 GMSC routes the call to local

exchange of called user7, 8,9,10 Answer back(ring

back) tone is routed from called user to MS via GMSC,MSC,BSS

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INCOMING CALL1.Calling a GSM

subscribers2.Forwarding call to

GSMC3.Signal Setup to

HLR4.5. Request MSRN

from VLR6.Forward

responsible MSC to GMSC

7.Forward Call to current MSC

8.9. Get current status of MS

10.11. Paging of MS12.13. MS answers14.15. Security

checks16.17. Set up

connection

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ARCHITECTURE EXAMLE

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EXERCISE,…………..

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HANDOVERS

Channel Handover Between 1 and 2 –

Inter BTS / Intra BSC Between 1 and 3 – Inter BSC/ Intra MSC Between 1 and 4 – Inter MSC

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ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE: HANDOVER

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SECURITY IN GSM

On air interface, GSM uses encryption and TMSI instead of IMSI.

SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the ownership of SIM

3 algorithms are specified :- A3 algorithm for authentication- A5 algorithm for encryption- A8 algorithm for key generation

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AUTHENTICATION IN GSM

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KEY GENERATION AND ENCRYPTION

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CHARACTERISTICS OF GSM STANDARD Fully digital system using 900,1800 MHz

frequency band. TDMA over radio carriers(200 KHz carrier

spacing. 8 full rate or 16 half rate TDMA channels per

carrier. User/terminal authentication for fraud control. Encryption of speech and data transmission

over the radio path. Full international roaming capability. Low speed data services (upto 9.6 Kb/s). Compatibility with ISDN. Support of Short Message Service (SMS).

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ADVANTAGES OF GSM OVER ANALOG SYSTEM

Capacity increases Reduced RF transmission power and longer battery

life. International roaming capability. Better security against fraud (through terminal

validation and user authentication). Encryption capability for information security and

privacy. Compatibility with ISDN, leading to wider range of

services

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GSM APPLICATIONS

Mobile telephony GSM-R Telemetry System - Fleet management - Automatic meter reading - Toll Collection - Remote control and fault reporting of DG sets Value Added Services

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QQQ……& AAA……… GSM

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SMS INTRODUCTION

The Short Message Service (SMS) is the ability to send and receive text messages to and from mobile telephones.

The text can comprise of words or numbers or an alphanumeric combination.

Length:160 characters in Latin alphabets 70 characters in length when non-Latin

alphabets such as Arabic and Chinese are used

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SMS ARCHITECTURE

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MOSM

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MTSM

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MESSAGE ROUTING

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QQQ……& AAA……… SMS

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BENEFITS OF GPRS

Higher Data Rate GSM, the connection setup takes several

seconds and rates for data transmission are restricted to 9.6 kbit/s

Easy Billing

GPRS INTRODUCTION

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SERVICES OF GPRS

Mobility Immediacy Localization

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APPLICATION OF GPRS

Communications E-mail, fax, unified messaging and intranet/Internet access etc.

Value-added services Information services and games etc.

E-commerce Retail, ticket purchasing, banking and financial trading etc.

Location-based applications Navigation, traffic conditions, airline/rail schedules and location

finder etc. Advertising

Advertising may be location sensitive. For example, a user entering a mall can receive advertisements specific to the stores in that mall.

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GSM ARCHITECTURE

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GPRS ARCHITECTURE

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MODIFICATIONS TO GSM NETWORK ELEMENTS

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GPRS - QUALITY OF SERVICE

Service Precedence The service precedence is the priority of a service in relation

to another service Reliability

Three reliability classes are defined, which guarantee certain maximum values for the probability of loss, duplication, mis-sequencing, and corruption of packets

Delay the delay for request and assignment of radio resources and

the transit delay in the GPRS backbone network. Transfer delays outside the GPRS network

Throughput specifies the maximum/peak bit rate and the mean bit rate

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DATA SERVICE IN GPRS

Modes Application Mode Tunneling Mode

GPRS Handsets Class A

GPRS data and GSM voice and SMS Simultaneous attach, activation, monitor and traffic

Class B Monitor GSM and GPRS channel simultaneously Simultaneous attach, activation, monitor but not Simultaneous traffic

Class C Support nonsimultaneous attach

Data services supported SMS, WAP and MMS

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REFERENCE POINTS

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LIMITATION OF GPRS

Limited Cell Capacity for all user Voice and GPRS data on same network

Speed Lower in Reality Practically not possible to allocate all 8

slots to user Mobile Server not Supported

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MMS INTRODUCTION

MMS supports the transmission of various media types: text picture audio video combinations of the above

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QQQ……& AAA………

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REFERENCES

Mobile Computing, Asoke Talukder, Roopa Yavagal

www.eventhelix.com www.gsmworld.com www.gsmfordummies.com

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THANK YOU………

[email protected]

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MOBILE IP

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MOBILE IP