MEDIUM OF

VISUAL ARTS

 

MediumIt refers to the material which is used by an

artist. It is the means of by which she communicates idea.

Media is the Plural form

PaintingSculpture

Architecture

A. PaintingIt is the art of creating meaningful

effects on flat surface by the use pigments.

The materials of the painter are pigments applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood or paper.

Pigments can come from minerals, vegetables mater, coal tars and other chemical combination.

1. OilIt has been used since 15th Century

 Two methods of Painting in Oil

Direct The paints are opaque and are applied to the surface

just as they are to look in the finished product.Indirect The paint is applied in many thin layers of

transparent color. It is more flexible

Well known Filipino PaintersCarlos “Botong” Francisco (Maria Makiling)Norma Belleza (Sari-Sari, 1979)

Maria Makiling

The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the Western world. Made by Leonardo Da Vinci

Family Series by Norma Belleza

2. Tempera It is a mixture of ground pigments and an

albuminous or colloidal vehicle, egg, gum or glue.

Examples : Resurrection with two Angels by Bernadino Fungai and Segma di Bonaventura’s Majesty

 Three Principals Dimension of Tempera

Unvarnished or Gouache-like Tempera Simplest to useVarnished Tempera It is an AdvantageTempera as under painting for oil

The Last Supper by Leonardo de Vinci tempera on gesso 1452-1519

3. Watercolor The pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine

white paper. Opaque watercolor is called “gouache” Opaque (adj.) Not reflecting light; having no luster 4. Pastel It is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting

of pure powdered pigment and a binder. 5. Fresco The color are mixed with water and applied to fresh

plaster which absorbs the color. In Italian it means “fresh” and is used to designate the process of painting in fresh wet plaster.

Watercolor

Pastel

Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin Self Portrait in pastel 1771, The Louvre.

A bravura pastel portrait of Louis XV by Maurice Quentin de La Tour, 1748

Rosalba Carriera. Self-portrait of Italian painter Rosalba Carriera holding a portrait of her sister. 1715. Pastel on paper. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

Ceiling Mosaic of the Arian Baptistry Ravenna , Italy (5th century).

Fresco by Dionisius epresenting Saint Nicholas n the Ferapontov Monastery

Dante Domenico di Michelino's Divine Comedy in Duomo of Florence

Fresco

DisadvantagesIt is almost impossible to move a frescoThe painting is subject to the disasters that may

happen to the wall of which it has become a part.

6. Acrylic Synthetic Paints using acrylic emulsion as binder.

They Combine the transparency and quick-drying qualities of watercolor and are as the flexible as oil.

Example Mario Parial “Sisa”

Rodolfo Paras perez “Anting-Anting” Jose Joya “Blue

Odyssey” 

Fluorescent acrylic paints lit by UV lig

B. SculptureIt is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining

hard and/or plastic material, sound, and/or text and or light, commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, glass, or wood

Two Major Processed UsedSubtractive It is a process in which the unwanted material is cut away Example Carving of Stone and woodAdditive It is a Construction of a figure by putting together bits of clay

or by welding together parts of metal.

Two types of Sculpture (in general)Relief-- It refers to figures which are attached to a ground Example the relief of “Stela of Akhenaten”Free-Standing -- Example UP Oblation by Guillermo Tolentino

in 1949 made of bronze and stone

1. Stone and BronzeStone is durable, resistant to the elements, fire and

other hazards; it is heavy and breaks easily. Marble is the most beautiful of stones.

Example “Pieta” by Michael Angelo “Head of Ptolemy VI” Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of

copper, usually with tin as the main additive, but sometimes with other elements such as phosphorus, manganese, aluminum, or silicon.

2. Wood It is cheap, readily available and easy to cut. Wood carving as folk art is popular in the towns of

Paete and Pakil in Laguna and in Betis Pampangga.

Stone and Bronze

Artist Michelangelo Year 1499 Type Marble Dimensions 174 cm × 195 cm (68.5 in × 76.8 in) Location St. Peter's Basilica

Wood

3. Ivory It is a hard, smooth, yellowish-white

substance composed primarily of dentin that forms the tusks of the elephant.

4. Terra Cotta The result is usually referred to as “terra

cotta” which literally means “cooked earth” 5. Other Materials Metals aluminum, chromium, steel, plastics

chemically treated clay and stone for casting in liquid are now being used.

Ivory

Terra Cotta

A terracotta sculpture of Hanuman in India. The reddish color is due to iron oxide in the source clay. Clays with low iron content can result in paler colors on firing, ranging from white to yellow

Rare terracotta image of Isis lamenting the loss of Osiris (Eighteenth Dynasty, Egypt) Musée du Louvre , Paris

C. Architecture

It is the art of designing and constructing a building.

 Primary Purpose:To fulfill a need that led to its creation

MaterialsStone It Is the material used in most of the great

architecture of the world where permanence is desired.Wood It is the common building material today. Its

advantages are its abundance, relative durability, and high tensile compression strength.

Steel It is a tough alloy of iron in variable amounts.ConcreteBrickGlassPlastic Materials

San Juanico Bridge Samar Leyte

Manila Hotel

Dubai

UAE Hotel in Sharjah

flyover

**Durability and Beauty are also other

factors often considered in the

choice of materials.

Types of Construction

Post-and-Lintel It consists of two vertical posts for

support (post) and a horizontal one (lintel)

Example Parthenon in Athens, Greece

 

Arch It is a architectural form built from pieces of wood called voussoirs with joints between them and are arranged in a semi-circle.

Cantilever It is a any Structural part projecting horizontally and anchored at one end only.