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7/28/2019 Group Design Project Final Presentation
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SMART WATERSMART POWERH2.0
Group 3 Members:
Ryan McCartney (Project Leader)
Julian Phatarfod (Liaison Officer)
Ahmad Al IdelbiMehdi Bedja
Divya Bhanderi
Clinton Chan
Grace Lee
Steve Moore
Charalambos Spanos
FinalPresentation
Clients:
Dr. Ivan Stoianov (Imperial College)
Dr. James Kierstead (Imperial College)
Mr. Laurie Reynolds (Aquamatix)
Mr. Danny Ball (Bristol Water)
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Water Utility Companies
WATER UTILITIES!
Water
Customers!Pump
Scheduling
StorageReservoir
Maintaining a regulated service to customers
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Water Utility Companies
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Current State of the Art
Large Electricity Consumers!Approx. 3% of the UKs usage!Up to 90% from pumping!Aim to minimise pumping costs!
Water UtilityCompanies !
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Water Utilities and National Grid
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Water Utilities and National Grid
!!
!NATIONAL
GRIDTariffs andContracts
WATERUTILITIES
Managing large consumers of electricity
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Current State of the Art
Large Electricity Consumers!Approx. 3% of the UKs usage!Up to 90% from pumping!Aim to minimise pumping costs!
Electricity Bought in Advance!Time-of-use (TOU) Tariff!Minimise exposure to fluctuations!Less cost-effective!
Water UtilityCompanies !
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Current State of the Art
Large Electricity Consumers!Approx. 3% of the UKs usage!Up to 90% from pumping!Aim to minimise pumping costs!
Electricity Bought in Advance!Time-of-use (TOU) Tariff!Minimise exposure to fluctuations!Less cost-effective!
Pump Schedule!Avoid consuming during peak periods !Avoid penalty charge times (triad)!
Water UtilityCompanies !
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Current State of the Art
Large Electricity Consumers!Approx. 3% of the UKs usage!Up to 90% from pumping!Aim to minimise pumping costs!
Electricity Bought in Advance!Time-of-use (TOU) Tariff!Minimise exposure to fluctuations!Less cost-effective!
Pump Schedule!Avoid consuming during peak periods !Avoid penalty charge times (triad)!
Fixed Speed Pumps!Inefficient !Cannot manage fluctuations!
Water UtilityCompanies !
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National Grid
!!
!
!
!
LoadBalancing
Consumers(Demand)
Generators(Supply)
NATIONAL GRID
Maintaining a regulated service to customers
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Energy Systems in the Future
EU Renewables Obligations
UK Target increase to15% by 2020
Wind Power
Highest renewable generation source (currently 5.7%)
Stochastic Behaviour
Unpredictable and uncontrollable generation
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Project ObjectiveTo assess the techno-economic feasibility of optimising pumpschedulingto enable water utility companies to actively participatein load balancing within electricity distribution grids in order to
facilitate the increasing generation from renewable sources.
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!
NATIONALGRID
WATERUTILITIES
!
ManagingLarge
Consumers
FEASIBILITYSTUDY
DomesticConsumers!
LoadBalancing
Generation
(Supply)Consumption
(Demand)
Storage?
DomesticConsumers
PumpScheduling
(Optimisation)
Non-RenewableEnergy
RenewableEnergy
Customers
(Demand)
Storage(Supply)
!
StorageReservoir
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Linear SystemDecoupling hydraulic model from optimisation process
Single Matrix FormulationAvoidance of implicit equations
Key AssumptionsNetwork segmentation to simplify the model
Optimising Pump Schedule
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Optimising Pump Schedule
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Mass Balance Reservoir Pump
[!]
2!"2!
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![!]
2!!2!
[!]2!!2!
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Upper Bound Lower Bound
Constraints
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Hydraulics
Flows&
Pressures&&Tank&Levels&
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Affinity Laws
Q = Flow
N = Pump SpeedH = Total HeadP = Power
Hydraulics
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!
NATIONAL
GRID
LoadBalancing
Generation(Supply)
Consumption(Demand)
Storage?
DomesticConsumers
Non-RenewableEnergy
RenewableEnergy
!
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Storage Issues
UK installed pumped hydro capacity: 2800MW
Equivalent to only 2.43% of the peak winter electricity demand
Pumped Hydro Electrochemical
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0.00!
20.00!
40.00!
60.00!
80.00!
100.00!
120.00!
0!
5000!
10000!
15000!
20000!
25000!
12:00 AM! 3:00 AM! 6:00 AM! 9:00 AM! 12:00 PM! 3:00 PM! 6:00 PM! 9:00 PM!
EectySMkePce(MW
PwGao(MW
Settlement Period!
Electricity Generation from different sources on
02/03/2013!
Coal!
Electricity Spot Price!
CCGT!
Wind!
Nuclear!
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Probability of Reaching Installed Capacity
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Electricity Spot Price Variability
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Low Renewables Penetration
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High Renewables Penetration
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Six different cases:
Assessing impact of renewables
Simulating emergency situations
Case Studies
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Tank 1
!! ! !! ! !! ! !!
DemandNetwork
Reservoir
Pump
Tank 2
! ! !! ! !! ! !!
Pump
DemandNetwork
Case Studies
Simplified Network for Optimisation
Tank Demand Profiles
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Key Performance Indicators
Results of Case Studies assessed on:
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Current state of pump optimisation
Low renewables penetration
Relies on avoiding peak tariff period
Case Study I
NullScenario
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Linear optimisation of pump schedule
Low renewables penetration (5.7%)
Spot market prices for real time price fluctuations
Case Study II
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Linear optimisation of pump schedule
High renewables penetration (15%)
Spot market prices with additional volatility to model wind effects
Case Study III
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Simulation of a pipe burst
Low renewables penetration
Burst lasts for two hours;
modelled as a fourfold increase indemand at the industrial node
Case Study IV
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Storm surge simulation: change of reservoir limits
Low renewables penetration
Surge not to pass above 50% of net capacity of tanks
Case Study V
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Simulation of pump maintenance work
Low renewables penetration
Booster pump is forced offline for two hours
Case Study VI
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Results Summary
Case Study I II III IV V VI
Cost
[]
Carbon[kg]
Efficiency[%]
EnergyUsage
[MWh]
119.96 100.45 92.98 102.53 100.9 101.2
477.55 441.62 397.73 466.81 447.02 450.66
N/A 16.26 22.49 14.53 15.89 15.64
0.871 0.805 0.725 0.851 0.815 0.822
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National Grid: Balancing Mechanism!
Hours 240 mins
BM Start Up STORDemand Management
Fast Start
Fast Reserve
FCDM
Frequency Response
Real Time
5 mins
RESPONSETIME
2 mins
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National Grid: Balancing Mechanism!
Hours 240 mins
BM Start Up STORDemand Management
Fast Start
Fast Reserve
FCDM
Frequency Response
Real Time
5 mins
RESPONSETIME
2 mins
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Balancing by Demand Reduction
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Risk Assessment!!
!
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Very%
High%
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%
High%
! !!!
!!
%Mediu
m%
!!
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!
!!
%
Low%
! !!
!
%
!
Low% Medium% High% Very%High%
Impact'
Probability
'
Lack!of!sufficient!
water!pressure!!
Increased!Spot!
price!volatility!
!
Burst!pipes!due!to!
pressure!surges!
!
Policy!reversal:
Reduction!in!
renewables!
Model!error!
!
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Sustainability
Future Renewable Scenarios
Making water utility companies compatible with future energy systems
Carbon Optimisation
Shifting focus from cost to carbon - potential multi objective function
Pump Efficiency
Improving pumps from fixed to variable speed
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Recommendations
Optimise
Implement pump schedule optimisation model
Invest
Improve efficiency of pumps with variable speed drives
Balance
Provide a load balancing service to the National Grid (STOR)
SMART WATERH2 0
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SMART WATERSMART POWERH2.0
Final
Presentation
Thank you for attending.
Please feel free to ask any questions.
Many thanks to Laurie Reynolds, Simon Bunn, Danny Ball
and the support from our clients at Imperial College
Visit our website at:
www.h2point0.org
Folllow us on Twitter:
@SmartWaterGDP
#GPDesignPS
http://www.h2point0.org/http://www.h2point0.org/