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Gross Anatomy
Skull and brain
1/21/10
Identify the Bone
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic Bone
Temporal Bone
Frontal Bone
Identify the Landmark
Mental Foramen
Infraorbital Foramen
Supraorbital Notch(Foramen)
Identify the Bone
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Frontal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandible
Sphenoid
“PEST OF 6”
Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal
Identify the Landmark
External OccipitalProtuberance
External AuditoryMeatus
Zygomatic Process(Temporal Bone)
Temporal Process(Zygomatic Bone)
Condylar Process(Mandible)
Coronoid Process(Mandible)
Ramus of the Mandible
Mental Foramen
Styloid ProcessMastoid Process
Identify the Bone
Occipital Bone
Temporal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Frontal BoneEthmoid Bone
Identify the Landmark
Hypoglossal Canal
Jugular Foramen
Carotid Canal
Foramen Lacerum
Foramen Spinosum
Foramen OvaleGreater Wing of the Sphenoid
Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid
Optic CanalCrista Galli
Cribiform plate
Foramen Magnum
More Foramina (and what runs through them)
Optic Canal•Optic Nerve (II)•Ophthalmic artery
Foramen Ovale•Mandibular Nerve (V3)•Accessory meningeal artery
Foramen Spinosum•Middle meningeal artery
Carotid Canal•Internal carotid artery•Internal carotid nerve plexus
Jugular Foramen•Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)•Vagus Nerve (X)•Accessory Nerve (XI)•Sigmoid sinus•Posterior Meningeal ArteryHypoglossal Canal•Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Things we didn’t see yet…
Superior Orbital Fissure Oculumotor nerve (III),
Trochlear nerve (IV), Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Abducens nerve (VI), Superior ophthalmic vein
Foramen Rotundum Maxillary nerve (V2)
Internal Auditory Meatus Facial nerve (VII),
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), Labyrinthine artery
SOF
FRIAM
OVALE:
Otic ganglion (just inferior) V3 cranial nerve Accessory meningeal artery Lesser petrosal nerve Emissary veins
Identify the Structure
Cingulate GyrusCorpus Callosum Fornix
Central Sulcus
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Septum Pellucidum
Anterior Commisure
Identify the Structure
Cingulate GyrusCorpus Callosum Fornix
Central Sulcus
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Septum Pellucidum
Anterior Commisure
Massa Intermedia
Pineal Body
Mammillary Body
Hypophysial Stalk
Fourth Ventricle
Identify the StructurePrimary Fissure
TonsilNodule
Cranial nerves
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)Hypoglossal (XII)
Accessory (XI)
Mnemotechnics on cranial nerves "On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops":From I to XII: Olfactory Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Auditory [or Vestibulocochlear] Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory [or Spinal root of the accessory] Hypoglossal
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Make some new (that will be more stable in your own mental environment)!
Again!Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)& Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Cranial nerves: sensory, motor or both
"Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More"
From I to XII: Sensory Sensory Motor Motor Both Motor Both Sensory Both Both Motor Motor
Name the Function!Olfactory (I)- smell
Optic (II)- sight
Oculomotor (III)- eyelid & eyeball movement
Trochlear (IV)- turns eye down/out (sup. obl.)
Trigeminal (V)- chewing, face touch and pain
Abducens (VI)- turns eye laterally (lat. rectus)
Facial (VII)- controls most facial expressions, tears and saliva, taste (ant. 2/3)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)- hearing, equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal (IX)- taste (post. 1/3), senses carotid BP
Vagus (X)- senses aortic BP, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs taste
Hypoglossal (XII)- controls tongue movement
Cavernous sinus content O TOM CAT: O TOM are lateral wall
components, in order from superior to inferior.
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM.
See diagram.
Occulomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Maxillary nerve (V2) Carotid artery Abducent nerve (VI)
T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM
Name the Function!
Accessory (XI)- controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
Question
Which structure carries fibers with motor and sensory information from the cortex?A.
B.
C. A
B
C
Answer
Which structure carries fibers with motor and sensory information from the cortex?A.
B.
C. A
B
C
Question
During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor accidentally drops a jelly bean into the patient’s skull, where it becomes lodged in the marked structure. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Difficulty swallowing
B. Difficulty chewing
C. Drifting of eyes inward
D. Partial loss of vision
E. Diarrhea
Answer
During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor accidentally drops a jelly bean into the patient’s skull, where it becomes lodged in the marked structure. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Difficulty swallowing
B. Difficulty chewing
C. Drifting of eyes inward
D. Partial loss of vision
E. Diarrhea
Question
During another procedure, the same careless doctor accidentally transects the nerve running through the marked hole. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Partial loss of taste
sensation
B. Tongue deviates left
C. Tongue deviates right
D. Left shoulder drop
E. Right shoulder drop
F. Diarrhea
Answer
During another procedure, the same careless doctor accidentally transects the nerve running through the marked hole. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Partial loss of taste
sensation
B. Tongue deviates left
C. Tongue deviates right
D. Left shoulder drop
E. Right shoulder drop
F. Diarrhea
Question
During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210 accidentally transects the marked nerve. What symptom will his droopy-chinned patient have?A. Difficulty chewing
B. Difficulty swallowing
C. Tongue deviation
D. Shoulder weakness
E. Diarrhea
Answer
During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210 accidentally transects the marked nerve. What symptom will his droopy-chinned patient have?A. Difficulty chewing
B. Difficulty swallowing
C. Tongue deviation
D. Shoulder weakness
E. Diarrhea
Question
Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate a nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a student asleep and severs the indicated nerve. What sign did she need to take a picture of?A. Right-sided medial eye deviation
B. Left-sided medial eye deviation
C. Right-sided drooping
eyelid
D. Left-sided drooping
eyelid
E. Lower face paralysis
Answer
Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate a nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a student asleep and severs the indicated nerve. What sign did she need to take a picture of?A. Right-sided medial eye deviation
B. Left-sided medial eye deviation
C. Right-sided drooping
eyelid
D. Left-sided drooping
eyelid
E. Lower face paralysis
Question
What is the gross brain structure indicated by the arrow?A. Caudate nucleus
B. Globus Pallidus
C. Hippocampus
D. Putamen
E. Thalamus
Answer
What is the gross brain structure indicated by the arrow?A. Caudate nucleus
B. Globus Pallidus
C. Hippocampus
D. Putamen
E. Thalamus
Question
From whence do most of the neurons in the marked structure come?A. Left red nucleus
B. Right red nucleus
C. Left pontine nuclei
D. Right pontine nuclei
E. Left lower limb
F. Right lower limb
G. Left fastigial nucleus
H. Right fastigial nucleus
Answer
From whence do most of the neurons in the marked structure come?A. Left red nucleus
B. Right red nucleus
C. Left pontine nuclei
D. Right pontine nuclei
E. Left lower limb
F. Right lower limb
G. Left fastigial nucleus
H. Right fastigial nucleus
Question
Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of the skull shown?A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Temporal
D. Occipital
Answer
Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of the skull shown?A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Temporal
D. Occipital