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Development of Virtual Navigation Aid Using Simulator
AJMAL P YOOSUFMUHAMMED NADHEERNOUFAL SHAHVINAY SADAN PILLAI
Project Guide:Mr KIRUBAKARAN PSB
Project Overview
• To develop a Virtual Navigation
System (VNS) to enhance
current navigation capabilities
of an UAV
• Provide real time simulation of
aircraft.
• This project relates to Green
Aviation Project- Aura Mithra II
INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM
• Dead Reckoning Navigation
• Velocity and position calculation by successive integration of
acceleration w.r.t time
• Major components: IMU, Instrument Support Electronics and GPS
• Two Types: Stabilized Platform & Strap-down Mechanism
• Stabilized platform involves mechanical gyros mounted on a
stable platform, giving orientation and acceleration when the
vehicle moves
• Strap-down mechanism involves accelerometers mounted directly
to airframe and measure body acceleration, processed using DCM
which in fact is computed using mounted gyro outputs.
• Strap-down Mechanism being used in this miniature model
Types Of INS
Stable Platform Mechanism Strap-Down Mechanism
INS Mechanism
Current Status
• What is the progress?o IMUs and Chips Identified- ArduIMU V3 , Arduino UNO, u-Blox
GPS Module & Xbee Pro Transceiver
o Simulator best suited for the job decided : X-Plane
o ArduIMU chip programmed to make it work for our model
o Mode to transmit and receive data from IMU sorted out
o Sending the data to simulator is achieved
o Completed the working model of VNS as well as the Aircraft
Identify the chips and other items
How to Transfer Signal from Sensor Chip
Design and Program the System
Bring it onto Simulator
Make the Input Device &Simulate the Model
Timeline
ArduIMU+V3
• An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
• Effective for running the Attitude Heading Reference
System (AHRS) code
• Based on DCM algorithm
• 9 DOF – 3 Accelerometers, 3 Gyros & 3 axis Magnetometer
• IMU - MPU 6000
• Magnetometer – HMC 5883L
• Microcontroller – ATMega328
Arduino UNO
• Integrate and retrieve the required values, i.e., Pitch, Roll
and Yaw from the ArduIMU
• It is programmed to read the binary values of Pitch, Roll
and Yaw and convert into angles
• Use ATMega328
u-Blox GPS
• Intended purpose of use – To reduce the yaw drift caused
by IMU values integration by magnetometer
• Error accumulates with passage of time and motion of
IMU, where the system confuses with it’s actual position
X-Bee Pro Transceiver
• Used for long range serial communication – 1600m in line
of sight
• Two X-Bee Pro Transceivers are used in this system
• One transmits data to Arduino UNO ; other receives data
from IMU
Attitude Indicator.exe• In this system, this software plays a role of interfacing the
Pitch, Roll and Yaw data to X-Plane as inputs
• This runs on PC which runs the simulator and to which
Arduino UNO is connected
X-Plane Flight Simulator
• Implements an aerodynamic model – Blade Element
Theory
• Best suited for design work and simulation
• Includes tools for designing Aircraft and Airfoil; Plane
Maker and Airfoil Maker respectively
• Model of our RC aircraft is designed for simulation using
Plane Maker
• The dimensions of the RC model was chosen based on it’s
performance in this simulator
Working Of The System
• ArduIMU mounted onboard, level and parallel to longitudinal axis
detects the Pitch, Roll and Yaw of the aircraft with the GPS data from
u-Blox GPS module
• X-Bee Pro transceiver connected to Tx pin of ArduIMU transmits the
data
• Arduino UNO programmed for reading binary data from ArduIMU
receives the serial data through X-Bee Pro transceiver connected to
Rx pin of Arduino UNO
• In Attitude Indicator.exe connect the COM port of Arduino UNO
• Open X-Plane, fly the model; it replicates the motion of the real
aircraft
System Setup
On-Board Aircraft Ground Setup
ProcessPROJECT SETUP
3-View Diagram
RC MODEL OF AURA-MITHRA II
Simulation in Action
Dependencies and Resources
Simulation
IMUs & Chips
Engine Parameter
s
Control Geometry
Input Config.
Other Parameter
s
Conclusion
• The pilot gets a Bird’s Eye View of
his aircraft and the surrounding
environment
• Enable flights at near zero visibility
• Enable the use of a virtual ILS for
landing assist
• Aid in pilot training and perception
of situation
Appendix• Software used:
• X-Plane• Plane Maker• Arduino Software• X-CTU• Visual Basic C#
• Circuitry:• ArduIMU+V3• Arduino UNO• u-Blox GPS Module• X-Bee Transceivers• FTDI Break-out Board• X-Bee Explorer Board
Appendix
• Documents Referred:o X-Plane Tutorial
o Plane Maker Tutorial
o ArduIMU Datasheet & Schematics
o Quadcopter Design Document
o UAV Design Document
o Hardware In-Loop Simulation Guidelines