PEANUTS -
iKnow more. Grow more.
December 2014
Know more. Grow more.
FeedbackTable of Contents
Know more. Grow more.
planning/paddock preparation pre-planting planting
plant growth and physiology nutrition and fertiliser
weed control insect control nematode control
diseases harvest post harvest handling and storage
environmental responses marketing current research
December 2014
Peanuts
PEANUTS - Contents
iiKnow more. Grow more.
Know more. Grow more.
Feedback
December 2014
Table of Contents
A Introduction
A.1 Agronomy at a glance ..................................................................................... viii
A.2 Crop overview .................................................................................................. ix
A.3 Executive summary ........................................................................................... x
A.4 Keywords ......................................................................................................... xi
1 Planning/Paddock preparation
1.1.1 Peanut production season plan ...............................................................1
Pre-season.................................................................................................................. 2
Ground preparation ..................................................................................................... 2
Week 0: planting ......................................................................................................... 2
Week 1: cracking ......................................................................................................... 3
Weeks 2 and 3: crop establishment............................................................................. 3
Weeks 4 and 5: flowering ............................................................................................ 3
Weeks 6 and 7: main flowering .................................................................................... 3
Weeks 8 and 9: pegging ............................................................................................. 4
Weeks 10 and 11: pegging and pod-setting ................................................................ 4
Weeks 12 and 13: canopy closure and pod-setting ..................................................... 4
Weeks 14 and 15: Pod-filling ....................................................................................... 4
Weeks 16 and 17: pod-filling and early maturity........................................................... 4
Weeks 18 and 19: maturity and digging ...................................................................... 4
Weeks 20 and 21 ........................................................................................................ 5
Harvest ....................................................................................................................... 5
Pre-cleaning ................................................................................................................ 5
Curing ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Paddock selection .............................................................................................6
1.2.1 Rotations ................................................................................................6
1.2.2 Soils ........................................................................................................6
1.3 Paddock history ................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Paddock history trials ..............................................................................8
1.3.2 Pesticide history ....................................................................................12
1.4 Benefitsofpeanutsasarotationcrop .............................................................12
1.5 Disadvantagesofpeanutsasarotationcrop .................................................13
1.6 Pre-plant weed control ....................................................................................13
1.7 Potential crop contaminants ............................................................................13
1.8 Seedbed requirements ....................................................................................13
1.9 Soil moisture ..................................................................................................14
1.9.1 Dryland .................................................................................................15
1.9.2 Irrigation ...............................................................................................15
What will Irrigation do? .............................................................................................. 15
Irrigation systems ...................................................................................................... 17
1.10 Yield and targets .............................................................................................18
Contents
PEANUTS - Contents
iiiKnow more. Grow more.
Know more. Grow more.
Feedback
December 2014
Table of Contents
1.10.1 Seasonal outlook...................................................................................19
1.10.2 Fallow moisture and double-cropping ....................................................19
1.10.3 Water-useefficiency ..............................................................................20
1.10.4 Nitrogen-useefficiency ..........................................................................22
1.11 Diseasestatusofpaddock ..............................................................................22
1.12 Insectstatusofpaddock .................................................................................23
2 Pre-planting
2.1 Varietalperformanceandratingsyield ...............................................................1
2.1.1 Hi Oleic varieties ......................................................................................3
2.1.2 Yielding ability .........................................................................................3
2.2 Qualityofplantingseed ....................................................................................5
2.2.1 Growingpeanutsforseed .......................................................................5
Clean land ................................................................................................................... 6
Clean machinery ......................................................................................................... 6
Irrigation ...................................................................................................................... 6
Supplementary calcium ............................................................................................... 6
Maturity ....................................................................................................................... 6
Digging and threshing ................................................................................................. 7
Drying ......................................................................................................................... 7
Peanut seed contracts ................................................................................................ 7
3 Planting
3.1 Seed dressings .................................................................................................1
3.2 Inoculation ........................................................................................................2
3.3 Germination ......................................................................................................2
3.4 Reduced tillage .................................................................................................2
3.5 Timeofplanting ................................................................................................3
3.6 Seeding rate ......................................................................................................3
3.7 Sowing depth ....................................................................................................4
3.8 Rowconfiguration .............................................................................................5
3.9 Sowing equipment ............................................................................................7
3.9.1 Press-wheels ..........................................................................................8
3.9.2 Planters ...................................................................................................9
4 Plant growth and physiology
4.1 Botanical types .................................................................................................2
4.2 Growth and development ..................................................................................3
4.2.1 Germination and emergence ...................................................................3
4.2.2 Vegetative growth ....................................................................................4
4.2.3 Flowering ............................................................................
