Graziani IPv6 Part1

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    1: Introduction to IPv6

    Rick GrazianiCabrillo College

    [email protected]

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    For more information please check out my Cisco Press book and

    IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforard

    Approach to !nderstanding IPv6 By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"1#-$1$-

    IPv6 Fundamentals "ive"ess

    Straightforard Approach to By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"%0-#"-&

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    1#1: $eginning ith IPv%

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    $eginning ith IPv%

    IPv% &Internet Protocol version %' 'e(elo)ed in *+e early 1,!0

    RC "&0 /an 1,!0 obole*edby RC ",1 Se) 1,!1

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    IPv%

    $%-bi* addree re)reen*ed in do**ed-decial no*a*io ro(ide #.%, billion addree. 2+y no* ore addree3 I* eeed like a lo* o4 addree a* *+e *ie5

    10.1.1.1

    10.1.0.%

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    IPv% ( 1)*1

    #.%, billion addree6 abou* a 1:1 ra*io 7i*+ *+e 7orl

    )o)ula*ion.

    2+a* 7a *+e In*erne* like in 1,!13 No 2226 no obile de(ice6 and o* )eo)le ne

    *+e In*erne* 9o*ly ain4rae and inico)u*er +e IB9 C 7a in*roduced *rying *o o(er*ake *+e

    IPv%

    I(# 7a *

    )ro(iioning

    addree 4

    o4 #.#1 billio

    I(# ;ddree 2orld o)ula*ion 1,!0

    ? 1

    ? 1

    Iage cour*ey o4 Co)u*er i*ory 9ueu

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    +he Internet $egins to +ake ,ff

    1,,0 in*roduced *+e 2orld 2ide 2eb. A(eryone 7a ge**ing on *+e In*erne*. In*erne* rou*ing *able gro7ing ra)idly %06000 rou*e IA realized *+a* i* 7ould oon run ou* o4 I(# addre

    Iage cour*ey o4 Co)u*er i*ory 9ueu

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    IPv%: -unning ,ut of Addresses

    S+or* *er olu*ion included: N;

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    1#. Introducing IPv6

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    No* a Ene7F )ro*ocol. 'e(elo)ed id *o la*e

    1,,0.

    9uc+ learned 4ro I(#. 1%!-bi* addre )ace6

    7ri**en in +eadecial. +i gi(e u $#0

    undecillion addree5

    Introducing IPv6

    1%! bi*

    1%! bi*%001:'B!:C;A:0001::100

    $#0 undecillion

    ? $#06%!%6$&&6,%06,$!6#&$6#&$6$"#6&0"6#$16"&!6%116#

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    o7 any i $#0 undecillion3 $#0 undecillion addree i 10

    nonillion addree )er )eron5

    In*erne* i a uc+ di44eren* )laceand 7ill con*inue *o e(ol(e: 9obile de(ice Hideo on deand In*erne* o4 A(ery*+ing

    ; cri*ical )ar* in +o7 7e Eli(e67ork6 )lay6 and learnF.

    IPv6

    10 nonillion

    ? 106000600060006000600060006000600060006000

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    I(& i no* u* abou* ore

    addree: S*a*ele au*ocon4igura*ion And-*o-end reac+abili*y 7i*+ou*

    )ri(a*e addree and N; Be**er u))or* 4or obili*y eer-*o-)eer ne*7orking eaier *o

    crea*e and ain*ain6 ander(ice uc+ a HoI and

    Juali*y o4 Ser(ice

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    1,,$6 IA announced a call 4or 7+i*e )a)er 7i*+ RC

    IP: Next Generation (IPng) White Paper Solicitation. IA c+oe Si)le In*erne* ro*ocol lu

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    0hat About IPv2

    In *+e la*e 1,"06 a 4aily o4 e)erien*al )ro*ocol 7

    de(elo)ed in*ended *o )ro(ide Kuali*y o4 er(ice

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    1#4: +he 5eed for IPv6

    +h 5 d f IP 6

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    +he 5eed for IPv6

    2e are running ou* o4

    I(# addre )ace. 9onday6 /anuary $16

    %011 I;N; alloca*ed *+ela* D! I(# addre

    block *o *+e RIR. RIR8 +a(e (ery 4e76 i4

    any I(# addre le4*. 9any IS are e(erely

    lii*ed and oe +a(e

    already run ou*. ;c*ual or )roec*ed da o4 No(eber %01#

    Source: 777.)o*aroo.ne*D*oolDi)(#

    5ote: ;NIC and RIA are no* co)le*ely ou* o4 addree

    bu* *+ey are (ery re*ric*i(e on alloca*ion o4 addree.

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    -unning ,ut of IPv%

    +e region 7i*+ *+e large* )o)ula*ion +a(e *+e lo7e

    )ercen*age o4 )eo)le connec*ed *o *+e In*erne*Graphic from Internet World Stats, www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

    I t t f

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    Internet of

    verything

    Cico de4ine *+e In*erne* o4 A(ery*+ing

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    5o 7ore 5A+ as 0e

    N; +a been ued *o +el) E+ideF cu*oer and 7ork 4o

    ini*ia*ed a))lica*ion. o7e(er6 N; alo crea*e oe iue6 like )eer-*o-)eer

    and acceing our E+iddenF y*e 4ro o*+er ne*7ork. Ming N; *o E+ideF I(& ne*7ork +a been *+e ource o4

    deba*e. IA con*inue *o *a*e *+a* N; i no* a ecuri*y 4ea*ure.

    IS Ne*7ork

    ublic I(#

    5A+

    Cu*oer Ne*7ork

    1,%.1&!.1.0D%#

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    $enefits of IPv6

    ; en*ioned )re(iouly *+e bene4i* o4

    I(& include: arger addre )ace

    S*a*ele au*ocon4igura*ion And-*o-end reac+abili*y 7i*+ou* )ri(a*e

    addree and N; Be**er obili*y u))or* eer-*o-)eer ne*7orking eaier *o crea*e

    and ain*ain6 and er(ice uc+ a HoIand Juali*y o4 Ser(ice

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    1#%: +ransitioning to IPv6

    +ransitioning to IPv62

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    +ransitioning to IPv62

    I(# and I(& 7ill coei* 4or

    *+e 4oreeeable 4u*ure. ual(stack 'e(ice running

    bo*+ I(# and I(&. An*er)rie and IS +a(e *o

    u))or* bo*+ )ro*ocol6 7+ic+

    i a reaon *o e(en*ually go *o

    only I(&.

    IPv% I

    /appy yeballs

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    /appy yeballs

    -FC6 /appy yeballs:

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    -FC6 /appy yeballs:

    Success ith ual(Stack /osts +e dual-*ack code ay ge* *7o

    addree back 4ro 'NS

    2+ic+ one doe i* ue3 In order *o ue a))lica*ion o(er

    I(&6 i* i neceary *+a* uer enoy

    nearly iden*ical )er4orance a

    co)ared *o I(#.

    IPv%

    IPv62

    -FC6 /appy yeballs:

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    C6 appy yeba s

    Success ith ual(Stack /osts

    777.4acebook.co

    Juery ;;;; re

    777.4acebook

    Connec* *o:

    $1.1$."".&Connec* *

    %a0$:%!!0:401&:#01:4

    GA D1.1

    777.4acebook.co

    Juery ; record3

    777.4acebook.co

    a))y Ayeball in a nu*+ell

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    a))y Ayeball in a nu*+ell

    I9A

    Mer:

    E777.4acebook.coF

    ;**e)* I(& looku) and

    connec*

    ;**e)* I(# looku) and

    connec*

    Re*rie(e and di)lay

    $00

    ir* coe6 4ir* er(ed

    Ml*ia*ely6 i* de)end on +o

    and a))lica*ion 7an* *o +an

    +ransitioning to IPv6

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    +unneling Hariou )ro*ocol *o enca)ula*e I

    )acke* inide I(# )acke*. 5A+6% ranla*ing be*7een I(# and I(&. 5ative IPv6 ;ll I(&

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    "earn; !se; and Familiari

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    =ou Are Probably Already -unning IPv6

    2indo7 Hi*a or la*er6 9ac OSP6 inu already running

    acke* analyzer

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    .: Comparing IPv% and IPv6

    Rick GrazianiCabrillo College

    [email protected]

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    .#1: Comparing the IPv% and IPv6 /e

    "et?s $egin ith the IPv6 /eader Siila

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    "et s $egin ith the IPv6 /eader

    Mnder*anding I(& begin 7i*+ *+e

    I(& +eader. I(& *ake ad(an*age o4 -bi*

    CM. Se(eral di44erence be*7een I(#

    and I(& +eader.

    IPv%

    IPv6

    -bi* eory 7ord Si)ler I(&

    +eader.

    ied #0 by*eI(& +eader.

    e* look a*

    *+e

    di44erence

    IPv6 @ersion

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    6

    IPv%@ersioncon*ain #. IPv6@ersioncon*ain &.

    Herion 3 In*erne* S*rea ro*ocol

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    g IPv% Internet /eader "ength &I/"'

    eng*+ o4 I(# +eader in $%-bi*

    7ord including any O)*ion or

    adding. IPv6 I 4or I(& i no* needed. I(& +eader i 4ied a* #0 by*e.

    IPv%

    IPv6

    * bytes

    * bytes

    * bytes

    * bytes

    * bytes

    % bytes 3

    1

    .

    4

    %

    2

    IPv6 +raffic Class

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    IPv% +ype of Service IPv6 +raffic Class

    No* anda*ed by any I(& RC.

    Sae 4unc*ionali*y a I(#. Me ae 'i44eren*ia*ed Ser(ice

    *ec+niKue

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    Ne7 4ield in I(& no* )ar* o4 I(#. lo7 label i ued *o iden*i4y *+e )acke* in a coon *rea ra44ic 4ro ource *o de*ina*ion +are a coon 4lo7 labe

    RC $" I(& lo7 abel S)eci4ica*ion

    IPv%

    IPv6

    11111111

    1111111111

    IPv6 Payload "ength IPv% /eader a

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    y g IPv% +otal "ength Nuber o4 by*e o4

    *+e I(# +eader

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    g I(# 4ield ued 4or 4ragen*a*ion and

    reaebly. In*eredia*e de(ice uc+ a I(&

    rou*er do no* )er4or 4ragen*a*ion. ;ny 4ragen*a*ion needed 7ill be

    +andled by *+e ource uing an

    e*enion +eader.

    IPv%

    IPv6

    IPv6 5e>t /eader

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    IPv%Protocol IPv65e>t /eader or bo*+ )ro*ocol6 *+e 4ield indica*e

    *+e *y)e o4 +eader 4ollo7ing *+e I+eader.

    IPv%

    IPv6

    Coon (alue:

    & ? C

    1" ? M' ! ? IC9(& !! ? AIGR !, ? OS

    IPv6

    /eader

    5e>t

    /eaderata

    &Protocol: +CP; !P; I

    IPv6 /op "imit

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    IPv%++" &+ime to "ive' IPv6/op "imit Renaed *o ore accura*ely re4lec*

    )roce. Se* by ource6 e(ery rou*er in )a*+

    decreen* +o) lii* by 1.

    IPv%

    IPv6 2+en 06

    dro) )acke*.

    IPv6 Source and estination Addresse

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    IPv6 Source andestination

    addree +a(e *+e ae baic

    4unc*ionali*y a I(#.

    I(# $%-bi* addree. I(& 1%!-bi* addree. Soe igni4ican* c+ange in I(&.

    IPv%

    IPv6

    IPv% /eader Checksum

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    IPv%/eader Checksum No* ued in I(&. M))er-layer )ro*ocol generally +a(e

    a c+ecku

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    IPv%,ptions andPadding No* ued in I(&. Hariable leng*+6 o)*ional.

    IPv% ,ptionsare +andled uinge*enion +eader in I(&.

    IPv%

    IPv6

    Paddingake

    ure I(# o)*ion

    4all on a $%-bi*

    boundary. I(& +eader i

    4ied a* #0 by*e.

    % bytes 3

    IPv6 >tension /eader

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    5e>t /eader iden*i4ie: +e )ro*ocol carried in *+e

    da*a )or*ion o4 *+e )acke*.

    IPv6 7ain

    /eader

    5e>t

    /eader

    >tension

    /eader

    5e>t

    /eaderata

    &Protocol: +CP; !P; I

    >tension headers are o)*ional and 4ollo7 *+e ain I ro(ide 4leibili*y and 4ea*ure *o *+e ain I(& +eade

    en+anceen* 7i*+ou* +a(ing *o redeign *+e en*ire ) ;llo7 *+e ain I(& +eader *o +a(e a 4ied ize 4or

    e44icien* )roceing.

    +e )reence o4 an e*enion +eader.

    IPv6 >tension /eader

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    5e>t /eader @alue&ecimal'

    >tension /eader5ame

    >tension /eader escription

    0 o)-by-o) O)*ion Med *o carry o)*ional in4ora*ion6 7+ic+ u* be erou*er along *+e )a*+ o4 *+e )acke*.

    #$ Rou*ing ;llo7 *+e ource o4 *+e )acke* *o )eci4y *+e )a*+ *

    ## ragen* Med *o 4ragen* I(& )acke*.

    0 Anca)ula*ingSecuri*y ayload

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    .#.: A $rief "ook at IPv6 Address +

    IPv6 Address +ypes9ore de*ail ineon $ # &

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    I(& ;ddree

    FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%

    ::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B

    Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n

    ;igned Solici*ed Node

    Global

    Mnica*ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied

    MniKue

    ocal

    eon $6 #6 &

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    .#4: A $rief "ook at IC7Pv65eighbor iscovery

    IC7Pv6Internet Control 7essage Protocol for IPv6

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    Internet Control 7essage Protocol for IPv6

    IC9(& i de4ined in RC ###$. Siilar *o IC9(#6 decribe *7o *y)e o4

    eage: In4ora*ional Arror

    IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery i decribed in RC

    #!&1.

    9uc+ ore robu* *+an IC9 4or I(#. Con*ain ne7 4unc*ionali*y and i)ro(een*. 9ore *+an u* EeagingF bu* E+o7 I(&

    conduc* buineF.IPv6 7ain

    /eader

    5e>t

    /eader

    *

    IC7Pv

    /eade;ll IC9(&

    eage

    IC7Pv6 5eighbor iscover Protocol

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    -outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith d#namic address allocation

    5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)

    -edirect 7essage

    Similar to IPv% redirect message

    'oter*to*+evice messaging

    -oute

    7es

    evic

    7es

    IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:

    -outer Solicitation D -outer Advertisement 7e

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    -outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith d#namic address allocation

    5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)

    -edirect 7essage

    Similar to IPv% redirect message

    'oter*to*+evice messaging

    -oute

    7es

    evic

    7es

    IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:

    ynamic Address Allocation in IPv%

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    1

    %

    I need IPv%

    addressing

    information#

    /ere is

    yo

    ynamic Address Allocation in IPv6

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    IC7Pv6 -outer Advertisement

    IC7Pv6 -outer Solicitation

    +o all IPv6 routers:

    I need IPv6 address

    information#

    +o all IPv6 devices:

    "et me tell you ho

    to do this E 1# S"AAC

    .# S"AAC ith

    Stateless /CPv6

    4# Stateful /CPv6

    S"AAC

    &Stateless Address Au

    I m

    -outer Solicitati

    -outer Advertise

    5eighbor Solicitation D 5eighbor Advertisement

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    -outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith d#namic address allocation

    5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)

    -edirect 7essage

    Similar to IPv% redirect message

    'oter*to*+evice messaging

    -oute

    7es

    evic

    7es

    IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:

    ARP Request: Broadcast

    Address -esolution: IPv% and IPv6

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    thernet A-P -euestB-ep

    IC7Pv6: 5eighbor SolicitationBA

    I(#: ;R o(er A*+erne*

    CBA-P -euest

    5eighbor

    Advertisement

    1

    .5eighbor

    Solicitation

    1

    A-P -eply

    .7y IPv%G/ere is the

    7AC2

    7y IPv6G

    /ere is the

    7AC2

    ARP Request: Broadcast

    NS: Multicast NS: Solicited Node Multicast

    thernet IPv6 /eader

    I(&: IC9(& o(er I(& o(er A*+erne*

    A-P

    Cache

    5

    5eighbor Sol

    5eighbor Adv

    -edirect 7essage

    IC9 & N i +b 'i d 4i di44 * k * *

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    -outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith d#namic address allocation

    5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)

    -edirect 7essage

    Similar to IPv% redirect message

    'oter*to*+evice messaging

    -oute

    7es

    evic

    7es

    IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:

    IC7Pv6 -edirect5et

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    Siilar 4unc*ionali*y a IC9(#. ike I(#6 a rou*er in4or an origina*ing +o* o4 *+e I addre o4 a

    i on *+e local link and i cloer *o *+e de*ina*ion. Mnlike I(#6 a rou*er in4or an origina*ing +o* *+a* *+e de*ina*ion

    di44eren* )re4iDne*7ork= i on *+e ae link a i*el4.

    5et

    PCA

    -1 -.

    estination:

    5etork 9 /ost

    estination:

    PC$

    IPv6

    5etork A

    IC7Pv6 5eighbor iscover ProtocolIC9 & N i +b 'i d 4i di44 * k * *

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    -outer Solicitation 7essage -outer Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith d#namic address allocation

    5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage

    $sed !ith address resoltion (IPv% &'P)

    -edirect 7essage

    Similar to IPv% redirect message

    'oter*to*+evice messaging

    -oute

    7es

    evic

    7es

    IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery de4ine di44eren* )acke* *y)e:

    9ore de*ail in eo

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    4: IPv6 Address -epresentationAddress +ypes

    Rick GrazianiCabrillo College

    [email protected]

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    4#1: !nderstanding /e>adecimal 5u

    Simple 5umber System -ules

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    For all number systems, the first digit is 0

    ; Bae-n nuber y*e +a n nuber o4 digi*:

    'ecial: Bae-10 +a 10 digi*: 0616%6$6#66&6"6!6,

    Binary: Bae-% +a % digi*: 061/e>adecimal: $ase(16 has 16 digits

    +e 4ir* colun i al7ay *+e nuber o4 1

    Aac+ o4 *+e 4ollo7ing colun i n *ie *+e )re(iou

    ? Bae-n=

    Base 10: 10,000 1,000 100 10 1

    Base 2: 16 8 4 2 1

    Base 16: 65,536 4,096 256 16 1

    /e>adecimal: 16 digits

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    Dec

    8

    910

    11

    12

    1314

    15

    Dec

    0

    12

    3

    4

    56

    7

    Hex

    0

    12

    3

    4

    56

    7

    'ecial

    10 digi*6*ar*ing 7i*+ 0

    eadecial 1& digi*6

    *ar*ing 7i*+ 0

    +he $eauty of /e>adecimal: % bits 3 1 heBinary B

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    Dec

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    Hex

    8

    9

    A

    B

    C

    D

    E

    F

    Dec

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    Hex

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    Binary

    8421

    0000

    0001

    0010

    0011

    01000101

    0110

    0111

    B

    8

    1

    1

    1

    1

    11

    1

    1

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    4#.: -epresenting an IPv6 Addre

    IPv6 Address 5otation

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    I(& addree are 1%!-bi* addree re)reen*ed in: eadecial: 1 +e digi* ? # bi* Aig+* 1&-bi* egen* or E+e*e*F

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    2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:00

    1%! bi*

    5umber of IPv6Addresses

    Nuber naeScien*i4icNo*a*ion Nube

    1 +ouand 10$

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    IPv% addresses: %#4 billion

    IPv6 addresses:

    4% undecillion

    1 9illion 10&

    1 Billion 10,

    1 rillion 101%

    1 Juadrillion 101

    1 Juin*illion 101!

    1 Se*illion 10%1

    1600

    1 Se)*illion 10%#

    16000600

    1 Oc*illion10

    %"160006000600

    1 Nonillion 10$0

    1600060006000600

    1 'ecillion 10$$

    16000600060006000600

    1 Mndecillion 10$& 16000600060006000600060

    I(#

    #.$ billion

    I(&

    $#0 undecillion

    $#06%!%6$&&6,%06,$!6#&$6#&$6$"#6&0"6#$

    5umber of IPv6 Addresses

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    $#0 undecillion addee or $#0 *rillion *rillion *rillion addree or a oe )eo

    )u* i*.

    E10 nonillion addree 4or e(ery )eron on ear*+F E&6"06",$6$#!6!&&6,#$6!,!6,, addree 4or

    Kuare e*er o4 *+e Aar*+ ur4ace.F

    +o -ules for Compressing IPv6 Addr-ule 1: ,mitting "eading s

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    g g

    7o rule 4or reducing *+e ize o4 7ri**en I(& addree. First rule: eading zeroe in any 1&-bi* egen* do no* +a(e *o b

    2001 : 0DB8 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef

    2001 : DB8 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef

    2001 : 0DB8 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e00

    2001 : DB8 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e00

    2001 : 0DB8 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 000

    2001 : DB8 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 :

    +o -ules for Compressing IPv6 Addr-ule 1: ,mitting "eading s

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    g g

    nlyleading 0 can be ecluded6 *railing 0 u* be included

    Or lead *o abigui*y

    2001 : 0DB8 : ab : 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef12

    2001 : 0DB8 : 00ab : 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef12

    2001 : 0DB8 : ab00: 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef122001 : 0DB8 : 0ab0: 1234 : 5678: 9abcd: ef12

    2

    +o -ules for Compressing IPv6 Addr-ule .: ouble Colon ::

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    +e econd rule can reduce *+i addre e(en 4ur*+er: Second rule:;ny ingle6 con*iguou *ring o4 one or ore 1&-bi*

    coni*ing o4 all zeroe can be re)reen*ed 7i*+ a double colon

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    double colon.

    ;l*+oug+ *+e rule *a*e *+a* bo*+ o4 *+ee are correc*

    2001 : DB8 : 0000 : 0000 : 1234 : 0000 : 0000

    2001 : DB8 :: 1234 : 0 : 0

    2001 : DB8 : 0 : 0 : 1234

    or

    aximm redction of the address is no!n as the -compressed. format"

    RC ,% *a*e *+a* *+e longe* *ring o4 zeroe u* be re)laced 7i*+ *+

    are eKual *+en *+e 4ir* *ring o4 08 +ould ue *+e :: re)reen*a*ion.

    -FC ).

    -ule .: ouble Colon :: ,nly ,nc

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    Ming *+e double colon ore *+an once in an I(& addre can crea

    becaue o4 *+e abigui*y in *+e nuber o4 0.

    2001:DB8::1234::5678

    2001:DB8:0000:0000:0000:1234:0000:5678

    2001:DB8:0000:0000:1234:0000:0000:5678

    2001:DB8:0000:1234:0000:0000:0000:5678

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    4#4: +he IPv6 Prefi> "ength

    IPv%: Subnet 7askand Prefi> "ength

    Pre

    Binary Mask Len11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 /8

    11111111 10000000 00000000 00000000 /9

    11111111 11000000 00000000 00000000 /1

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    I(#6 *+e )re4i6 *+e ne*7ork

    )or*ion o4 *+e addre6 can

    be iden*i4ied by: 'o**ed decial ubne*

    ak re4i leng*+ +e nuber o4 bi* in *+e

    )re4i or ne*7ork )or*ion o4

    *+e addre.

    5etork portion

    Prefi>/ost portionIPv%

    4. bits

    11111111 11100000 00000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11110000 00000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111000 00000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111100 00000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111110 00000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 /1

    11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111000 00000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111110 00000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 /2

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100 /3

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110 /3

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 /3

    IPv6 Prefi> "ength I(& )re4ie are al7ay iden*i4ied by prefi> length#

    P fi l th + b 4 bi* i *+ 4i *i

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    Prefi> length- +e nuber o4 bi* in *+e re4i)or*ion

    addre

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    2+a* abou* a D&%3 re4i leng*+ can 4all 7i*+in a nibble bu* 7i*+ 7i*+ uc+ a

    addre )ace *+i i uually no* reKuired or recoende

    2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:00

    B6B6%

    Prefi>

    Prefi> length

    Interface I

    bits

    0000

    B6.

    IPv6 Prefi> "engthre4i

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    2001:DB8::/32

    2001:DB8:1::/48

    2001:DB8:CAFE::/482001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:1234::/64

    2001:DB8:CAFE::1/48

    2001:DB8:CAFE::99:2/48

    2001:DB8:CAFE:1::100/64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:1:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC:DDDD/64

    I(& de(ice addre ea)le:

    Tou 7ill becoe

    7i*+ *+ee addre

    In eon # 7e 7ieay I(& addre

    Really5

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    4#%: ,vervie of IPv6;ddre y)e

    IPv6 Address +ypesE# -oad 7apI(& ;ddree

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    FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%

    ::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B

    Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n

    ;igned Solici*ed Node

    GlobalMnica*

    ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied MniKueocal

    eon # eon

    eon &

    %P&' does not ha&e a (broadcast) address*

    IPv6 Source and estination Addresse IPv6 Source ;l7ay a unica* IPv%

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    IPv6 estination Mnica*6

    ul*ica* or anyca*.

    IPv6

    !nicast Addresses

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    Hlobal !nicast Address &H!A= ore in /esson % %000::D$

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    "ink(local !nicast0 ore in /esson 1 A!0::D10

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    "oopback Address ::1D1%! Med by a node *o end an I(& )acke* *o i*el46 *y)ically 7+en

    CDI *ack Sae 4unc*ionali*y a I(# loo)back 1%".0.0.1 No* rou*able.

    !nspecified Address ::

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    !niue "ocal Address C00::D"

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    mbedded IPv% Address 2a ued by dual-*ack de(ice *+a* u))or* bo*+ I(# and I(

    Rarely ued and i no7 de)reca*ed. O*+er *rani*ion e*+od no7 ued 7+en reKuired *o end I(&

    o(er I(#-only ne*7ork6 uc+ a *unneling and N;.

    All s

    )6 bits

    IP

    7ulticast Addresses

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    7ulticast Addresses - Med *o end a ingle )acke* *o ul*i)le

    iul*aneouly

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    Solicited 5ode 7ulticast Address ore in /esson 6 0%:0:0:0:0:1:00::D10#

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    Anycast Address ; unica* addre *+a* i aigned *o ore *+an one in*er4ace

    di44eren* de(ice=. Siilar *o I(# anyca*6 a )acke* en* *o an anyca* addre

    *+e Eneare*F in*er4ace +a(ing *+a* addre6 according *o *+e r

    rou*ing *able

    .1:$*:A:$::1

    .1:$*:A:$::1

    Summary: IPv6 Address +ypesI(& ;ddree

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    FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%

    ::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B

    Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n

    ;igned Solici*ed Node

    GlobalMnica*

    ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied MniKueocal

    eon # eon

    eon &

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    %: Hlobal !nicast Addresses &H

    Rick Graziani

    Cabrillo College

    [email protected]

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    %#1: Purpose and Format of H!A

    IPv6 Address +ypesI(& ;ddree

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    FF::B* FF.::1:FF:B1%

    ::B1.*::1B1.*.::B4 F*::B1 FC::B

    Mnica* 9ul*ica* ;n

    ;igned Solici*ed Node

    GlobalMnica* ink-ocal oo)back Mn)eci4ied MniKueocal

    %P&' does not ha&e a (broadcast) address*

    IPv6 Source and estination Addresse IPv6 Source ;l7ay a unica*

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    Hlobal !nicast Address &H!A= %000::D$

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    001 0010 0000 0000 0000 :0011 1111 1111 1111 :

    I;N;8 alloca*ion o4 I(&

    addre )ace in 1D!*+ec*ion

    Range: 2000:

    3FFF:

    Hlobal !nicast Address &H!A= %000::D$ Range %000::D *+ru $444:444:444:444::D

    1D!*+o4 I(& addre )ace

    Firs

    Hlobal !nicast Address -angeIn*er4ace I'Subne* I'Global Rou*ing re4i

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    Ace)* under (ery )eci4ic circu*ance6 all end uer 7il

    global unica* addre.

    5ote: ; +o* eKui(alen* *o *+e net!or address of an IPv%

    Prefi> length eKui(alen* *o s2net mas in IPv%

    Interface I eKui(alen* *o host portion of an IPv% ad

    001Range:

    2000::"64 !r# 3$$$:$$$:$$$:$$$::"64

    Parts of a Hlobal !nicast AddressIPv% !nicast Address

    5etork portion /ost portiSubnet portion

    D3

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    -bi* In*er4ace I' ? 1! Kuin*illion

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    In*er4ace I'Subne* I'Global Rou*ing re4i

    2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0001: 0000 : 0000 : 000

    3 % 1 & 4 '"64( : 4

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001:0000:0000:0000:0100"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:1::100"64

    1& bi* 1& bi* 1& bi* 1& bi* & b * 1& bi* & b *

    $ 1 #

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    %#.: Subnetting IPv6

    Subnetting IPv6an you count in he-.

    /u* increen* by 1 in eadecial:

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    /u* increen* by 1 in eadecial:

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000::"64

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001::"64

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0002::"64 )))

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0009::"64

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:000A::"64

    Halid abbre(ia*ion i *o reo(e *+e leading 0:

    2001:DB8:CAFE:1::"64

    $-1-#R

    For emonstration Purposes ,nly>tending the Subnet I

    Hlobal -outing Prefi>%*(bit

    Interfac4.(bit Subnet I

    D!0D#!

    Hlobal -outing Prefi> Interface I16(bit Fi>ed

    S b t I

    DD#!

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    re4i

    2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000

    2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0000 : 0001 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000

    2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : 0000 : 0002: 0000 : 0000 : 0000

    !r#

    2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : FFFF : FFFE : 0000 : 0000 : 0000

    2001 : 0DB8 : CAFE : FFFF : FFFF : 0000 : 0000 : 0000

    Global Rou*ing re4i Subne*-I' In*er4ac

    Hlobal -outing Prefi> Interfac4 b t Sub etHlobal -outing Prefi> Interface I

    Subnet I

    No*e: I* i +ig+ly recoended *o NO ubne* in*o *+e

    in*er4ace I' )or*ion o4 *+e addre *o con4igure +e only ece)*ion 7ould be 4or ne*7ork in4ra*r

    Interface ISubnet I

    D&!D#!

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    D&! re4i

    Subne**ing on a nibble

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    D"0 re4i

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:0000::"70

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:04

    00::"70

    2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:0800::"70

    2001:0DB8:CAF:0000:0C00::"70

    Hlobal -outing Prefi> Interface ISubnet I

    %% bi* ! bi*

    0000

    01001000

    1100

    our Bi* 7o le

    Subne

    7o ri

    ;oc

    In*er4a

    Binary

    o I 5eed the IPv6 uivalent to an IPv

    D#!

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    RC &1 - Ming 1%"-Bi* I(& re4ie on In*er-Rou*er ink

    ing-ong ;**ack

    Neig+bor Cac+e A+au*ion Iue

    +ere are i*iga*ion *ec+niKue 4or bo*+.

    I4 you 7an* *o ue a D1%"6 reer(e a e)ara*e D 4or eac+ D1%".

    Hlobal -outing Prefi> Subnet I

    ", bi*

    Allocate Separate B6%?s

    D#!

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    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::0"127

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::1"127

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::0"127

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::1"127

    Hlobal -outing Prefi> Subnet I

    ", bi*

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F002::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F003::"64

    An* s+ +n)))

    or eac+ D1%" alloca*e an

    en*ire D:

    000001

    !se a ifferent "ast 4 bits for the Sub

    D#!

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    Hlobal -outing Prefi> Subnet I

    ", bi*

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::A"127

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F000::B"127

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::"64

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::A"127

    2001:DB8:CAFE:F001::B"127

    000001

    Be care4ul 7+ic+ *7o

    in*er4ace addree you

    c+ooe.

    ::, and ::; are no* on *+eae D1%" ubne*

    IPv6 Addressing Plan I(# ubne**ing i ued *o +el)coner(e I(# addre )ace.

    9anaging a lii*ed )ace

    RC 1!"! HS

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    g g ) HS9 D$0 4or )oin*-*o-)oin* link

    I(& addre coner(a*ion doe no*need *o be a aggrei(e a I(#.

    'e(elo)ing an addre )lan *+a* i: 9ake ene. Aay *o anage.

    N;NOG BCO: I(& Subne**ing

    Cico: I(& ;ddre Guide RIA NCC: re)aring an I(&

    ;ddreing lan - RIA Ne*7ork

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    %#4: IPv6 Address Allocation

    D#! DD$%D%$ D&

    I a ge**ing a D aHlobal -outing Prefi>IPv6 Address Allocation

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    >RIR

    >IS re4i

    >Si*e re4i

    Subne* re4i

    > +i i a iniu alloca*ion. +e )re4i-leng*+ ay be +or*er i4 i* ca

    oible oe Si*e re4i

    Interface ISubnetISub

    Internet Ser

    Provide

    Hlobal -outing Prefi> determines number of B6%

    2001:DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:00B6%

    6% bit Interface I

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    D$% ? &6$& D#!8

    D&0 ? 1& D

    D& ? %& D

    D% ? #60,& D

    B%* 3 6;46 B6%?s &7any sites ill get this pr

    6%(bit Interface I

    D## ? 160#!6"& D

    D#0 ? 1&6"""6%1& DD$& ? %&!6#$6#& D

    D$% ? #6%,#6,&"6%,& D

    PI versus PA Address SpaceD#!D$%

    ISP-I-

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    Provider Independent &PI' ;ddre S)ace ;ddre )ace *+a* i aigned by *+e RIR. Reain aigned *o *+e cu*oer regardle o4 )ro(ider No )re4i renubering needed i4 c+ange )ro(ider

    Provider Aggregatable &PA';ddre S)ace ;ddre )ace *+a* i *y)ically aigned by an IS *o a cu*oer. C+ange )ro(ider6 u* ge* ne7 addre )ace Cu*oer u* do )re4i renubering Interfac

    Subnet

    I

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    %#%: Configuring a Static H!A

    Configuring a Hlobal !nicast AddreGlobal Mnica*

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    +etails, inclding the operations and configrations of S/&& (Stateless &

    &toconfigration) in /esson 3 and +4Pv6 in /essons 5"

    9anual 'ynai

    S*a*icI(&

    unnubered

    S*a*ic Q AMI

    S;;C

    S;;C Q'C(&

    Siilar *o I(# unnubered

    Stateless

    .1:$*:

    .1:$*:CAF:1::B6%

    HB

    :1

    :1

    HB1

    :1

    SBB

    :1

    :1

    Static H!AConfigurationR1

    ;

    B

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    Aac*ly *+e ae a an I(# addre only di44eren*.

    No )ace be*7een I(& addre and re4i-leng*+.

    IOS coand 4or I(& are (ery iilar *o *+eir I(# coun

    All 0s and all 1s are &alid %P&' host %P&' addresses*

    No )ac

    R1(config)#iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"0R1(config-if)#i-.6 a**ress 2001:*8:ca$e:1::1"64R1(config-if)#n+ s!#*+/nR1(config-if)#exi

    .1:$*:CAF:.::B6%

    .1:$*:

    .1:$*:CAF:1::B6%

    HB

    :1

    :1

    HB1

    :1

    SBB

    :1

    :1

    Static H!AConfigurationR1

    ;

    B

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    .1:$*:CAF:.::B6%

    R1(config)#iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"1R1(config-if)#i-.6 a**ress 2001:*8:ca$e:2::1"64R1(config-if)#n+ s!#*+/nR1(config-if)#exiR1(config)#iner$ace seria 0"0"0R1(config-if)#i-.6 a**ress 2001:*8:ca$e:3::1"64

    R1(config-if)#n+ s!#*+/nR1(config-if)#exi

    +e i-.6 #nicasr+#ing global con4igura*ion coand i

    4or7ard I(& )acke* i* i notreKuired *o con4igure I(& addre

    .1:$*:

    .1:$*:CAF:1::B6%

    HB

    :1

    :1

    HB

    :1

    SBB

    :1

    :1

    @erifyingAddress !sing

    -unning

    Configuration

    R1

    ;

    B

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    R1# s!+/ r#nningc+n$ig

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    g / p p

    FE80::FE:FF:FE3:C4E0

    2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1.

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    Same as IPv% devices: Servers, printers, roters

    an also

    local ni

    of the ro

    PCA> ipconfig

    Windows IP Configuration

    @erifying !nicast Addresses on PC

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    Windows IP Configuration

    Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:

    Connection-specific DNS Suffix : IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . : 2001:db8:c

    Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . :

    fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1

    Default Gateway . . . . . . . : 2001:db8:c

    ink-local addree are crea*ed au*oa*ically. Recen* 9icroo4* o)era*ing y*e ue a rando -bi* In*er4ace

    local addre

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    5inging 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1 from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::100 6ith 42 "$t

    Rp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71mRp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71m

    Rp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71m

    Rp*$ from 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1: tim71m

    5ing t&titic for 2001:!"8:c&f:1::1:

    5&ct: 9nt 7 Rci! 7 ;ot 7 0 (0 *o)

    Appro+im&t roun! trip tim in mi**i-con!:

    =inimum 7 1m =&+imum 7 1m Ar&g 7 1m

    5CA%

    Routr(config)# i-.6 genera-re$ix

    >?RD 'nr&* prfi+ n&m

    Routr(config)# i-.6 genera-re$ixyA 2001:*8:ca$e::"48

    Routr(config)# iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"0

    Routr(config-if)# i-.6 a**ress yA 0:0:0:88::1"64

    IPv6 Heneral Prefi>: 7aking your life e

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    Routr(config-if)# i-.6 a**ressyA 0:0:0:88::1"64

    Routr(config-if)# n+ s!#*+/n

    Routr(config-if)# exi

    Routr(config)# iner$ace gigaie!erne 0"1

    Routr(config-if)# i-.6 a**ressyA 0:0:0:99::1"64

    Routr(config-if)# n+ s!#*+/n

    Routr(config-if)# en*

    Routr# s!+/ i-.6 iner$ace rie$

    'ig&"itEthrnt00 /upup

    FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3480

    2001:DB8:CAFE:88::1

    'ig&"itEthrnt01 //upup FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3481

    2001:DB8:CAFE:99::1

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    FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3480

    2001:DB8:BEEF:88::1

    'ig&"itEthrnt01 //upup

    FE80::EAD:FF:FECC:3481

    2001:DB8:BEEF:99::1

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    %#: Configuring a Static H!A 7i*+ AMI-

    Configuring a Static H!A K !I(6

    Global Mnica*

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    9anual 'ynai

    S*a*icI(&

    unnubered

    S*a*ic Q AMI

    S;;C

    S;;C Q

    'C(&

    Siilar *o I(# unnubered

    Stateless

    R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1

    R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:cafe:99::/64 ?

    eui-64 Use eui-64 interface identifier

    < >

    Configuring a Static H!A K !I(6

    &ll s is o7

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    R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:99::/64 e

    R1(config-if)#

    .1:$*:CAF:))::B6%

    HB1

    -1

    &ll s is o7

    ; -bi* In*er4ace I' i crea*e

    uing:

    #!-bi* 9;C addre Iner*ing 1& bi*: -A li))ing *+e MD tended !niue Ide

    00 0$ &B A, '# !0

    ,!I &.% bits' evice Identifier &.% bits'

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    00 0$ &B A, '# !0

    00 0$ &B A, '#FF F

    0$ &B A, '#FF F 00

    MD bi* 4li))ed

    1

    0. 0$ &B A, '#FF F

    Insert FF(F

    R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1

    R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:cafe:99::/64 eui-64

    R1# show interface gigabitethernet 0/1

    Confi

    guring a Static H!A K !I(6

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    GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up

    Hardware is AmdFE, address is 0003.6be9.d480(bia 0003.6be9

    R1# show ipv6 interface gigabitethernet 0/1

    GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up

    IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:

    Global unicast address(es): 2001:DB8:CAFE:99:203:6BFF:FEE9:D480,

    subnet is 2001:DB8:CAFE:99::/64

    6%*2it prefix from configration6%*2it Inte

    I+ sing 8

    8$I*6%: %5*2i

    !ith FFF8 (96

    and 3th2it flip

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    %#6: ,vervie of ynamic IPv6 Address;lloca*ioand 'C(&=

    ynamic IPv6 Address Allocation

    Global Mnica*

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    9anual 'ynai

    S*a*icI(&

    unnubered

    S*a*ic Q AMI

    S;;C

    S;;C Q

    'C(&

    Siilar *o I(# unnubered

    Stateless

    ynamic IPv% Address AllocationI need I(# addreing

    in4ora*ion 4ro a 'C er(er.

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    'C Clien*

    ere

    addre

    de4au

    'NS e

    IC7Pv6

    Internet Control 7essage

    Protocol for IPv6

    IC9 & + E i F b E+

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    IC9(& *+an u* EeagingF bu* E+o7

    I(& conduc* buineF. IC9(& Neig+bor 'ico(ery

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    g -outer Advertisement 7essage

    Med 4or dynaic addre alloca*ion.

    5eighbor Solicitation 7essage 5eighbor Advertisement 7essage

    Med 7i*+ addre reolu*ion

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    ;n IC9(& -outer Advertisement &-A'sggests*o all I(& de(link +o7 i* 7ill recei(e I(& ;ddre In4ora*ion.

    Sen* )eriodically by an I(& rou*er or 7+en *+e rou*er recei(e a Rou*er Solici*a*ion eage 4ro a

    IC9(& Rou*er Solici*a*ion

    9ul*ica*: o all

    I(& de(ice6

    le* e *ell you +o7

    *o do *+i

    I ig

    It $egins ith the -A 7essage

    IC9(& Rou*er ;d(er*ieen*

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    -outer Advertisement &-A' 7essage ar* o4 IC9(&

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    Routr(config)# i-.6 #nicasr+#ing

    ,ption 1: S"AAC 5o /CPv6 &efault on Cisco routers'

    EI8 ever#thingyou need

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    9anual

    S*a*icI(&

    unnubered

    S*a*ic Q AMI

    S;;C

    S;;C Q

    'C(&

    Siilar *o I(# unnubered

    Stateless

    IPv6 0 /esson IPv6 Neigh2or +iscover# inclding pacet captres 0 /esson 9

    'ynai

    "esson

    "esson

    For more information please check out my Cisco Press book and

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    IPv6 Fundamentals: A StraightforardApproach to !nderstanding IPv6 By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"1#-$1$-

    IPv6 Fundamentals "ive"essStraightforard Approach to By Rick Graziani ISBN-10: 1-!"%0-#"-&