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Graphics ISketching
October 3, 2012
Prof. Paul Kurowski
ES1050 – Introductory Engineering Design and Innovation Studio
Sketching in Engineering
Objectives Demonstrate the Importance of Sketching. Introduce Sketching Techniques
Drawing simple lines and curves, using construction lines, bounding lines, etc.
The Importance of Sketching
Sketching quickly communicates design ideas. It’s a necessary skill for any technical person. Often part of the creative process – Generation
of Design Concepts. Helps to visualize 3D objects from 2D images. Used extensively in Engineering.
Sketches from Leonardo da Vinci’s Design Notebook
Thomas Edison's Sketches
First sketch of the phonograph, 1877
A sketch showing the basic circuit for energizing a discharge tube.
The Importance of SketchingNot Just for Design - Engineering Inspections
The Importance of SketchingNot Just for Design - Engineering Inspections
Sketching is used throughout the design process to communicate information
The Role of Sketching
Talking sketches Informal communication
Thinking sketchesTo help you think creatively
Prescriptive sketchesDocument design ideas
Problem Definition:
Sketch shows cross-section of a Hong Kong skyscraper tested in the wind tunnel.
Tuned mass damper required to prevent excessive vibrations.
Example in Design
Preliminary Idea Generation:
After considering other alternatives, a pendulum damper was selected as the best option.
The design progressed with this basic shape.
Example in Design
Constraints:
After some detailed engineering calculations, the final requirements were determined and details could be worked out with sketches.
The final unit has to meet all of the constraints.
Example in Design
Example in Design
The Importance of Sketching
Plan good for Layout and Cost.
But how will it look?
The Importance of Sketching Evaluate Options/Different Concepts Helps to visualize in 3-D.
The Importance of Sketching
To help sort out the details.
Sketching is based on the interactive process of seeing, imagining and representing
Interesting optical illusion, but not a good engineering sketch!
Interesting optical illusion, but not good engineering sketches!
What do you need…
Sketching tools - pencils, paper and a big eraser – note: no ruler necessary.
patience and practice – with these you can be good at making quick, clear, well-proportioned sketches regardless of your experience or natural ability
Contour Sketching – a Practice Technique
Contour Sketching
Fundamental Techniques
Straight Lines
Curved Lines
Construction Lines and Proportions
Lettering
Begin using grid paper, or the clear side of graph paper.
Mark the endpoints of the line to be drawn
Lines should be straight, continuous and dark with uniform thickness
Straight Lines
Long lines are difficult. Use grid paper as a guide or reduce the size of the sketch.
Do not fix paper to the table, and rotate it to find an easier angle for drawing lines.
Draw away from yourself or at a slight angle. Relax your hand.
Straight Lines
Mechanical
Sketched
Good
No!
No!
No!
Straight Lines
MARK END-POINTSMARK END-POINTS
Line Types
Line Precedence
Visible lines have top priority
Hidden lines do not cross or have priority over visible lines
Centre lines do not cross or have priority over visible or hidden lines
Construction Lines
The first step is drawing construction lines that form the backbone the sketch.
These very light thin lines roughly layout some of the details
Do not erase them!
Curved Lines Curved lines are essentially
interpolations between 2 or more points. These points are typically marked as intersecting lines or tangents
Control the degree of curvature - not too flat, not too curved
Circles and ellipses require construction lines.
Curved Lines
Circles and Ellipses
Small circles
Use center lines
Large circles
Use scrap paper with radius marked on it as a guide
Circles and Ellipses
Use diagonals to proportion
Locating the center of squares and rectangles
Use construction lines to draw diagonals. Diagonals can be used to construct new rectangles
Creating a Proportioned Sketch
Creating a proportioned sketch
Use multiple steps to create lightly sketched rectangles and squares then used them as guides for final sketch
Lettering
Suggested sequence of strokes
This can be a guide for hand lettering of technical drawings
Sketching in Engineering
Review Demonstrate the Importance of Sketching. Introduce Sketching Techniques
Drawing simple lines and curves, using construction lines, bounding lines, etc.
Next Class Types of Engineering Drawings Projections Views
