Grand Canyon Village Interpretive Center Concept Plan

7/30/2019 Grand Canyon Village Interpretive Center Concept Plan

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f inal concept plan presentation

pfau architecture ltd

the sibbett group / the floating company

page & turnbull

the office of cheryl barton

arup

degenkolb engineers

auerbach consulting

psomas

davis langdon adamson

illustrations by christopher grubbs

graphic design by public

THE VILLAG

INTERPRETIVE CENTE

GRAND CANYON, A

National Park Service

April 7, 2004


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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

CONTENTS

The Vi l lage Interpretive Center

W OR KI NG ZO NE ST RAT E

Blacksmith ShopLivery Stable

Mule Corral

SUSTAINABILITY

Water

Fresh Water

Grey Water

Drainage and Water Manag

Planting

Planting Concept

S I TE M AT ER I AL L A NG UA

Rock and Stone

Concrete

Timber, Lumber & Wood

BUILDING MATERIAL

LANGUAGE

Pis Construction

SHADE STRUCTURES

SITE LOCATION 25

P RO PO SE D S IT E C ONC EPT 2 6

Introduction

Access to Site

Site Program

A DA PT IV E RE US E I M PA CT S 2 8

Pedestrian Bridge

Other Site Improvements

New Structures

Amphitheater and the Terraces

Planting and Vegetation

CULTURAL SYSTEMS 30

Views and Open Spaces

Trees

NATURAL SYSTEMS 31

CONNECTI ON TO THE R IM 32

WORKING & INTERPRETIVE

ZONES 34

PROJECT HISTORY 1

I N TE RP RE TI VE E XP ER I EN CE 2

Introduction

Goals & Objectives

INTERPRETIVE SITE

EXPERIENCE 5

Introduction

Site Program

Interpretive Exhibits within Buildings

Orientation Film

Wayside exhibits on the Site

Interpretive Programming/Special

Events and Presentations

Arts and Crafts Demonstrations

Education Programs

Guided Interpretive Talks

Park Collections/Artifacts

Historic Site Exhibits

Existing Structures

POWERHOUSE EXPERIENCE:

JOURNEY FROM RIM

TO RIVER 9

Introduction

Geology Time Elevators/Geoligic

Ascent

VISITOR EXPERIENCE SITE CONCEPTS

Rim Orientation Area

Trail Overlook

Galleries

Geology Gallery

Ecology Gallery

Fresh Water

Within the Model- Niches

Arriving at the River

Bookstore & Powerhouse History

NATIVE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

AT GRAND CANYON 19

Introduction

An Integral Experience

Design Influences

Influences on Building Design and

Site Structures

Terraces and Main Public Spaces

Program Coordination Offices

Amphitheater

Powerhouse

Maintenance Building

Laundry Building (Historic Exhibits)

Mule Barn (Theater & Education

Center)

Summary


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CONTENTS


Interior

Structural Assessment

Heating & Cooling

LAUNDRY BUILDING

(HISTORIC EXHIBITS) 71

History

Building Design Concept

Exterior Modifications

Interior Modifications

Historic Rehabilitation & Effects

Exterior

Interior


Heating & Cooling

MAINTENANCE BUILDING

(CANYON ARTS & INSPIRATION )

76

History





ExteriorInterior


Heating & Cooling

LIVERY BUILDING

History


Historic Rehabilitation & Ef


BLACKSMITH BUILDING

Introduction


Historic Rehabilitation & Ef


HISTORY OF THE SITE 53

Introduction

DESIGN CONCEPTS 54

POWERHOUSE 55

History





Exterior

InteriorStructural Assessment

Heating & Cooling

MULE BARN

(ORIENTATION THEATER AND

EDUCATION CENTER) 65

History




Historic Rehabilitation & EffectsExterior

BUILDING CONCEPTS

V EH IC UL AR CI RC UL AT IO N 4 6

Bus and Shuttle AccessRoad Modifications

Emergency Access

Parking

P ED ES TR I AN C I RC UL AT I ON 4 6

Character

Pedestrian Bridge

Social Trails and Stairs at Bright Angel

Wash

Greenway Extension/Connection

A M PH IT HE AT ER L O CA TI O N 5 0

Experience

Preferred Location

Alternate Locations

S IT E E NE RG Y S TR AT EG IE S 51

DEVELOPMENT

PHASING PLAN 46

SITE CONCEPTS (CONT)


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CONTENTS


HISTORIC PRESERVATION

MATRICES

SITE LEEDS CERTIFICATION

MATRIX

ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETIVE

EXPERIENCE CONCEPTS

APPENDICES


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VISITOR EXPERIENCE


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VISITOR EXPERIENCE

The Vi l lage Interpret ive Center

As a world heritage site,

the Grand Canyon is recognized as

a place of universal value, containing

superlative natural and cultural

features that should be preserved as

part of the heritage of all people.

General Management Plan,

1995

1 H is to ri c a er ia l v ie w o f t he s it e

1

PROJECT HISTORY

The 1995 General Management Plan for

Grand Canyon, in its directives for the

South Rim (page 32), called for new

interpretive facilities to be concentrated

in the Powerhouse area of Grand Canyon

Village. This was in response to the need

to provide expanded interpretive

resources to address the increasing

volume of people visiting the South Rim

and the opportunity these historic build-

ings offered as park support facilities

gradually were moved further away from

the rim. Planning work on this area of the

village was started in 1998 with prelimi-

nary plans for what was then called the

Heritage Education Campus.

The Concept Plan for what is now called

the Village Interpretive Center (VIC)

seeks to move planning efforts for this

area to the next level of consideration.

The conclusions summarized in this

report are the result of a ten month design

process, which sought extensive input

during the process from interested

parties. This process involved extensive

technical, historical and cultural resource

analysis on site, and incorporated find-

ings from various condition analysis

reports and cultural landscape reports

prepared in 2002 and 2004. This

process also included brainstorming

workshops, interviews with interpretive

staff and subject matter research. The

team then developed options for specific

buildings and programmatic solutions

site and buildings. These options were

refined based on ongoing review with

staff and interested parties during the

process.

The purpose of the resulting Conceptcontained in this book, is to articulate

guiding vision for the Village Interpreti

Center, which will be the roadmap for

opment of the various phases of this p

over the next 5-8 year period.

The Grand Canyon Village Interpretive

Center (VIC) will serve as the parks p

Visitor Center, providing visitors with i

knowledge and understanding about

Canyon National Park. After visiting th

the canyon, visitors will have the oppo

to visit the village and experience a se

complimentary interpretive venues tha

enhance and deepen their understand

this amazing, one-of-a-kind, resource.

The new interpretive experiences at G

Canyon Village are carefully designed

compliment the existing information an

orientation facility at Canyon View

Information Plaza and the other interp

satellite facilities at Yavapai Observati

Station and the Tusayan Museum. The

the combined interpretive experience create a world class, park-wide, learni

environment that will inspire a sense o

stewardship for Grand Canyon and in

visitors a lifelong appreciation for this

ing natural wonder.


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INTERPRETIVE EXPERIENCE

Introduction

The new Village Interpretive Center wi

the interpretive hub of Grand Canyon

National Park. As the primary interpre

facility within the park, this dynamic sit

combine a variety of interpretive exper

ences to celebrate the uniqueness of

Grand Canyon.

The Village Interpretive Center site an

historic buildings will immerse park vis

in a rich interpretive experience that w

engage them to learn about Grand Ca

primary themes focused around the fo

ing topics:

Geology

Ecology

Native American History & Perspe

History

The Colorado River

Preservation & Stewardship

Canyon Arts & Inspiration

Perhaps most important, visitors to the

Village Interpretive Center will realize

play a role in protecting and preserving

nations natural and cultural treasures

including Grand Canyon National Park

VISITOR EXPERIENCE

The Vi l lage Interpret ive Center2

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

9 10

During their experience at the Village Interpretive

Center, visitors will:

1 Contemplate the rich history of Grand Canyon

2 Experience park themes through Ranger-led

programs

3 Understand the importance of balanced use

between nature and humans

4 Admire the sculptural beauty of Vishnu Schist

and other rocks

5 Be inspired by natural beauty

6 Learn from people working at the canyon

7 Appreciate the diversity of wildlife8 Ponder the ancient stories told in fossils

9 Value the role of transportation in Grand

Canyon's history

10 Experience the canyon and its beauty through-

out the seasons


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VISITOR EXPERIENCE

The Vi l lage Interpret ive Center

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1 Enjoy unique performances and presentations

2 Realize the importance of air quality to protect

this natural resource

3 Engage with Native American communities to

learn about their customs

4 Engage in rim to river activities and learn of the

key issues facing Grand Canyon

5 Interact with interpretive exhibits which support

park themes

6 Learn about native plants that contribute to a

diverse ecosystem

7 Admire historic boats from the park's collection

8 Be immersed in multi-layered interpretive

exhibits

9 Journey along an interpretive trail

10 Increase quality experiences that illustrate the

interconnectedness of park themes

Goals & Objectives

The following interpretive goal and ob

tives were developed during this initia

phase, using feedback from park staff

partners gathered during a brainstorm

workshop, and from park documents,

including the General Management P

and the Long-Range Interpretive Plan

Interpretive Goals

To enrich the experience of Grand

Canyon visitors by facilitating meaning

personal connections with the larger

ideas, meanings and values of park

resources.

Provide a compelling, immersive

interpretive experience structured

accommodate diverse background

learning styles, interest levels and

time constraints.

Inspire visitors to learn more abou

Grand Canyon resources, both du

the remainder of their visit and wh

they return home.

Help each visitor better understan

and appreciate the significance of

Grand Canyon National Park and t

be inspired to become a lifelong

partner in the stewardship and pre

vation of Grand Canyon, other

National Park Service units, and th

world around them.


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VISITOR EXPERIENCE

The Vi l lage Interpret ive Center4

Goals & Objectives (continued)

Ensure equal access to the immer

interpretive experience offered at t

site and its facilities to all visitors,

accommodating all abilities and

cultural backgrounds.

Preserve and communicate the

historic architectural values of the

and its buildings while maximizing

opportunities for adaptive interpre

uses.

Incorporate thematic interpretatio

into all exhibits on the site, based o

the Primary Park Interpretive Them

identified in the Long-Range

Interpretive Plan.

Solicit and incorporate, to the grea

est extent possible, the input andguidance of park interpretive and

educational staff, the parks interp

tive partners, and park visitors in th

planning and design of the visitor

experience.

Solicit and incorporate, to the grea

est extent possible, the input of Na

American cultures connected to th

park in the planning and design of

visitor experience, specifically reg

ing the authenticity of interpretive

messages.

Reinforce visitor perception of this

being a National Park Service site

National Park Service staffed facil

ties.

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3

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6

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1 Be immersed in the canyon's unique geology

2 Interact with specimens to better understand

park themes

3 Identify Native American cultures associated

with the canyon

4 Appreciate the successful reintroduction of

endangered species

5 Participate in group activities that engage the

senses

6 Attend Ranger-led programs that are fun and

educational

7 Go at their own pace during their interpretive

experience

8 Have fun while learning about the canyon's

unique features

9 Be inspired to ask and answer questions

10 Enjoy the park's collection of precious artifacts

and historic documents


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Introduction

Each year, millions of visitors come to

admire the geologic grandeur of Gran

Canyon. Some visitors venture below

rim, but most only gaze over the edge.

The Village Interpretive Center aims totake all visitors below the rim on an

unforgettable journey that forges both

intellectual and emotional connection

This dynamic interpretive experience,

both outdoors and indoors, encourage

visitors to discover the uniqueness of

Grand Canyon on the rim, in the canyo

and at the river.

Within the Powerhouse building, visito

will embark on a Journey from Rim to

River. This immersive experience alo

side a canyon wall scale model will

capture the fascination of visitors dive

in age, interest and ability. Multi-layere

interpretive exhibits will present park

themes and encourage visitors to con

tinue their journey at other interpretive

experience on the Village Interpretive

Center site.

At the site and adjacent historic build-

ings, visitors will embark on more

journeys that conti nue to highlight the

interconnectedness of Grand Canyon

themes on the rim, in the canyon and a

the river.

INTERPRETIVE SITE EXPERIENCE


1 On the rim

2 In the canyon

3 At the river

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MULE BARN(THEATER & EDUCATIONCENTER)

Orientation Film

Lecture/Reading/Ranger Talks

Performances by Musicians,

Native Americans, Historians

Education Program Classes

History of Historic Buildings

Exhibits

AMPHITHEATER

Lectures/Readings/Ranger Talks

Native American Performances

Music Performances

MAINTENANCE BUILDING(CANYON ARTS & INSPIRATION)

Permanent Arts/Crafts Collection

Visiting Temporary Arts/Crafts

Collection

Artist Lectures and Demonstrations


POWERHOUSE

Primary Exhibits for the Journey

from Rim to River Experience

Galleries with Interpretive Exhibits

about Geology, Ecology, Native

American History & Perspectives,

History, the Colorado River,

Preservation & Stewardship, and

Canyon Arts & Inspiration

Bookstore and Exhibits about the

Powerhouse History

LAUNDRY BUILDING(HISTORIC EXHIBITS)

Historic Boats & related Exhibits

about exploration, transportation

and recreation

Native American Exhibits Related to

the River

Early Transportation Exhibits Cafe/Deli

Centralized Restrooms for

Maintenance and Laundry Buildings

(located at lower level)

MAIN PLAZA

Gathering/Rest Areas

Plant/Native Landscape

Exhibits/History Exhibits

Music Performances


LIVERY STABLE &BLACKSMITH SHOP

Guided Tours and Talks

Mule Viewing Area with Wayside

Exhibits

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

Wayside Exhibits Relating to

Bridge Construction at Grand

Canyon

Primary Connection to the Rim

THE TERRACE

Small Gathering Seating Areas

Outdoor Cafe Seating

Native American Performances and

Demonstrations/Talks



Site Program

The new Village Interpretive Center w

a variety of unique activities, including

pretive exhibits, special events,

demonstrations, education programs

interpretive talks featured within histo

buildings and on the site. All interpreti

experiences will meet the needs of vis

with diverse backgrounds, learning sty

interests so that they linger longer and

discover more about Grand Canyon.

Interpretive exhibits are concentrated

of the historic buildings on the site: th

Powerhouse, Laundry Building, Maint

Building and Mule Barn.

The Powerhouse features the primary

pretive experience where visitors emb

a physical Journey from Rim to River. I

Laundry Building, historic exhibits inte

exploration, transportation and recrea

the canyon. In the Maintenance Buildi

exhibits celebrate artistic expression i

by the canyon. And finally, the Mule Ba

provides an orientation film, performa

space, exhibits and a classroom spac

education programs.

Throughout the site, low-profile inform

kiosks and wayside exhibits convey th

function of historic structures, in conte

the landscape. An amphitheater provid

venue for a variety of performances, w

centralized open space features an in

gathering area with native plants.

AERIAL PERSPECTIVE WITH VISITOR EXPERIENCES DENOTED


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Orientation Film

An orientation film featuring stunning

imagery and compelling narration con-

cisely describes the special qualities that

combine to make Grand Canyon a unique

destination in the world.

The film provides an overview of the park

experience, highlighting Geology,

Ecology, Native American History &

Perspectives, History, the Colorado River,

Preservation & Stewardship, and Canyon

Arts & Inspiration. The film might also

feature a segment on early tourism and

how transportation influenced the devel-

opment of the national park.

A primary message of the film is the

importance of protecting all natural

treasures, including Grand Canyon.

Wayside Exhibits on the Site

All orientation/wayfinding graphics and

interpretive wayside exhibits will be non-

view disruptive, and placed sensitively on

the site. Low-profile information kiosks

will greet visitors at the sites four entry

points and will provide orientation for the

site and available activities.

The deck of each building might also

provide additional orientation information

Interpretive Exhibits within Buildings

The historic buildings will feature a variety

of permanent and temporary exhibits.

Permanent exhibits will provide a solid

interpretive foundation that clearly con-

veys the parks themes. A multi-layered

interpretive approach will strive to engage

visitors with different abilities, interest

and time frames. Interpretive graphics,

interactive experiences, touchable

objects and protected artifacts will create

a visually compelling experience that

illustrates the interconnectedness of the

parks primary themes.

Temporary exhibits will ensure the Village

Interpretive Center retains its dynamic

and exciting energy, continually striving to

inspire visitors to connect on variouslevels with Grand Canyon. Temporary

exhibits might feature the park's Museum

Collections or travelling exhibits from

other venues.

1

2

1 E ar th -em be dd ed I nt er pr et iv e

Plaques

2 L ow -p ro fi le Wa ys id e Exhi bi ts

3 Orient at io n & Way fi nd ing

Information

3

specific to each building, while orienti

visitors with wayfinding information an

site maps. There might be possibilities

further highlight the history of each

building with interpretive graphics and

touchable object relating to its historic

function.

Interpretive wayside exhibits will be

clustered on the edge of the site along

exterior pathways. Historic imagery w

help convey the function of the histori

site and the built landscape.

Interpretive Programming/Specia

Events and Presentations

Throughout the year, interpretive pro-

gramming will provide more opportun

for visitors to connect with Grand

Canyon. Both large-group and small-

group special events and presentation

will relate to the parks primary themes

encouraging visitors to discover more

about what makes Grand Canyon uniq

through music, dance performances,

lectures, readings and ranger talks.


Throughout the year, visitors can atten

small-group demonstrations, featuring

Native American artisans and visiting

artists.


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and recreation. Artifacts will help conv

the rich history of early transportation

tourism associated with Grand Canyo

On display will be historic transportat

mechanisms, including conserved his

river boats from the parks collection.

Existing Structures

The six historic buildings that will hous

the Village Interpretive Center were bu

between 1901 and 1935. They are

currently used as support facilities for

visitor services at the South Rim. Each

building is listed on the National Regis

of Historic Places, and as a group with

three additional buildings near the new

facility, comprise the single largest int

collection of early rustic park architec

remaining in the entire National Park

system.

The sites historic background will len

itself to interpretive programs and exh

about each buildings history and the

significance of being designated as a

World Heritage Site, while also encou

ing the stewardship of this resource

represented in preservation efforts an

sustainable development strategies of

site.

Education Programs

Visiting school groups will have a unique

opportunity to attend education programs

and classes on the second floor of the

Mule Barn. This inviting, well-lit space will

help inspire students and educators to

discover more about Grand Canyon, as

well as the Mule Barns history.

Guided Interpretive Talks

Guided interpretive talks by park staff and

partners will highlight park themes and

invite visitors to engage personally with

the people who contribute to the unique-

ness of Grand Canyon. While most

Ranger-led programs will be concen-

trated near the canyon rim, some may

begin or end on the site.

Park Collections/Artifacts

The parks collection of unique artifacts

and documentary items can be incorpo-

rated into permanent and temporary

interpretive exhibits. Utmost care will be

given to artifacts to ensure their protec-

tion and archival display.

Historic Exhibits

The Laundry Building will feature exhibits

focusing on exploration, transportation

1 Unique Nat ive American a rt ifac ts f rom

the parks collection

2 R an ge r- le d e du ca ti on p rogr am s

3 I ns pi ri ng m us ic p er fo rm an ce s

4 N at iv e A me ri ca n p er fo rm an ces an d

special events


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POWERHOUSE EXPERIENCE: JOURNEY FROM RIM TO RIVER


ILLUSTRATION OF CANYON WALL MODEL AND INTERPRETIVE TRAIL

Introduction

Visitors to the new Powerhouse interp

tive facility will experience an immersiv

awe-inspiring journey from the rim of

Grand Canyon to the rapids of the

Colorado River. Visitors will embark on

Journey from Rim to River, an interpret

experience that begins on the third flo

of the Powerhouse and descends alon

ramp system an interpretive trail to

the bottom floor.

The Journey from Rim to River experie

is designed to provide visitors of all ab

levels who might not otherwise phys

cally visit the river or backcountry area

the park opportunities to make pers

connections to the features they only

glimpse while standing on the actualSouth Rim.

The primary organizing element, to wh

all interpretation relates, is a Canyon W

Model. The model itself reflects the

canyon as a whole, while side galleries

wayside exhibits and niches behind th

model focus on the topics of Geology

Ecology, Native American History &

Perspective, History, the Colorado Riv

Preservation & Stewardship, and Can

Arts & Inspiration.

BEHIND THE MODELNICHES (HIDDEN)

CANYON WALLMODEL

TRAIL OVERLOOK

INTERPRETIVETRAIL PATH

TRAIL OVERLOOKAT RIVER LEVEL

GALLERY BEYOND

RIVER LEVELWAYSIDE EXHIBITS


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The Canyon Wall Model might be a

detailed miniature composite of signifi-

cant North Rim features or an actual

canyon section. Features on the model

might include the rim, a temple, mesa,

side canyon, cliff, cave, plateau and the

Inner Gorge.

For scale, visitors might be encouraged to

imagine themselves as half-inch miniature

people, relating to the Canyon Wall

Models scale.

Looking out across the sculptured

expanse of colorful rock layers and down

to the floor of the Powerhouse, visitors

notice their final destination: a river at the

base of the model. To reach the river,

visitors will descend along an interpretive

trail that features a system of ramps,

overlooks, galleries and niches that spiral

around the Canyon Wall Model, maximiz-

ing exhibit square footage by utilizingboth the front and back of the model.

The topics of Preservation & Stewardship

and Canyon Arts & Inspiration are woven

throughout the experience. Along their

journey, visitors might enc ounter original

Grand Canyon inspired art, such as

paintings by Thomas Moran, Louis Akin,

Ralph Love and other artists, in addition

to Native American artifacts displayed in

archival casework.

Throughout the Journey from Rim to Riverexperience, visitors will learn how best to

enjoy the actual canyon safely. They will

also realize the importance of protecting

and preserving our nation's natural and

cultural heritage, including the unique

features of Grand Canyon National Park.

Visitors will leave the Powerhouse under-

standing they too play a significant role in

the on-going stewardship of our natural

treasures.

The Journey from Rim to River interpretive

experience is articulated in over 80

4

1

3

1 Nat io nal Pa rk Service Ranger

2 Di agram showing a Secti onal

View of Grand Canyon RockLayers

3 Example of Glass Elevator

4 National Park Service

Arrowhead

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2

Exhibit Themes detailed in the Interpre

Exhibit Concept Plan Outline, a suppl

ment document to this book.

Geology Time Elevators/Geologic

Ascent

Entering the Powerhouse building, vis

tors will be greeted by National Park

Service staff stationed at a large infor

tion desk in a spacious lobby. Flanking

the information desk are the entrance

the Grand Canyon Association books

and the hallway to the restrooms. Glas

elevators line an adjacent wall of the

lobby, beckoning visitors as the portal

the Journey from Rim to River experien

Inside the elevators visitors find them-

selves at the Vishnu Schist Level and-1,700,000,000 years on a geologic

clock. The glass walled elevators reve

interpretive graphics within the elevato

shaft. As the elevators ascend three

floors to the top floor of the Powerhou

visitors pass through levels correspon

ding to Grand Canyon stratigraphy wh

the geologic clock flashes the decrea

ages.

A nearby stairwell will also feature inte

pretive graphics corresponding to Gra

Canyon stratigraphy.


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6

Rim Orientation Area

On the third floor, at the Kaibab

Limestone Level and -245,000,000

years, visitors disembark into an orien

tion area.

Welcoming exhibits will prepare visitofor the experience, build anticipation f

the discoveries to come, and introduc

the major park themes that serve as a

framework for the interpretive exhibits

that follow.

Within the orientation area, visitors mi

interact with a touchable topographic

model of Grand Canyon and view grap

panels introducing the experience.

The sense of intrigue and arrival is

enhanced by ambient, natural canyonsounds wind, water, wildlife drawi

visitors toward the interpretive trail tha

leads to the Journey from Rim to River

interpretive experience.

1 I nt er io r P er sp ec ti ve Ske tch of Ri m

Orientation Area at the Powerhouse

2 Grand Canyon as il lust ra ted by C la renceEdward Dutton

3 O ri en ta ti on m ap o f Gr an d C an yon

2 4

1


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Trail Overlook

The interpretive trail leads visitors from

the Orientation Area, around the sout

east corner of the building, where the

embark on the Journey from Rim to Ri

interpretive experience.

An exciting view greets visitors on the

first trail overlook. Illuminated by natur

light, the impressive Canyon Wall Mod

ascends thirty feet high and spans nin

feet wide, immersing visitors in the

scenery below the canyons North Rim

Along the interpretive trail, some exhib

will be interactive such as viewing

scopes to see small details of Canyo

Wall Model features while others wi

use a combination of video, audio, mu

media, text and objects to convey

interpretive messages. Exhibits might

also incorporate tactile objects, such

tracks of animals that visitors might se

during their Grand Canyon visit.

Peering through viewing scopes, visit

might see archaeological sites, such a

granary tucked into the canyon wall, o

big-horned sheep grazing along a can

slope.

Ambient nature sounds accompany

visitors as they continue their journey

down the interpretive trail.

1 Inter ior Perspec ti ve Ske tch of Trai l

Overlooks and Canyon Wall Model

2 Canyon Wall Mode l Anima l E xample , Big -horned Sheep

3 Exh ib it Technique Example (Ex is ting

Grand Canyon Viewing Scope)

4 E xhi bi t Cont en t Exam pl e, N an kowe ap

Granaries

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Galleries

Intuitively spiraling down the interpret

trail encircling the model, visitors can

choose to take side loops into galler

and interpretive niches to discover mo

in-depth interpretive experiences.

Supporting the unifying thread of the

Journey from Rim to River experience

three galleries provide in-depth interp

tation about geology, Native American

cultures and ecology.

Each gallery uses a combination of

interpretive graphics, audiovisual pro-

grams, interactive activities and artifac

to convey exhibit themes. Artifacts,

specimens and interpretive objects w

be displayed in climate-controlled cas

work, or when appropriate made avail

for interaction by visitors. Reproductio

will also be used to allow more touch

able experiences by visitors.

Seating within each gallery invites visi

to take a break or wait for a companio

Geology Gallery

The first gallery along the interpretive

focuses on geology. Here, visitors will

learn about the canyons formation an

why Grand Canyon is a unique place



1 I nt er io r Pe rs pe ct iv e Sk et ch o f Ga ll er y

Space at the Powerhouse

2 Touchable objec ts enhance the interpre-tive experience

3 I mm er si ve i nt er pr et iv e en vi ro nm en ts

engage visitors of all ages

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the world. Interpretive graphics highlight

important stories, including plate tecton-

ics and faults. Audiovisual programs

provide more in-depth information, such

as missing records in the canyons forma-

tion.

Significant paleontological specimens

from the parks collection will be dis-

played in protective casework and might

include fucoids, trilobites, brachiopods,

ferns and ripple marks. Visitors might

touch fossil reproductions or specimens

collected for open display, such as

touchable slickenside surfaces.

Visitors will also have opportunities to see

how the topic of geology relates to the

other themes in the powerhouse, includ-

ing Arts & Inspiration, Native Americanculture, history and ecology.

Native American Cultures and Grand

Canyon History Gallery

The second and largest gallery along

the interpretive trail focuses on Native

American cultures and Grand Canyon

history. Here, visitors will gain a greater

appreciation for Native American cultures

who consider the canyon their homeland,

and also learn about the people and

events that have helped shape Grand

Canyon history.

This large gallery can be divided into t

sections about Grand Canyon's histo

one interpreting Native American cultu

and the other interpreting historic eve

leading up to the designation of the

national park.

Interpretive graphics feature historic

images of the canyon from photograp

such as Ansel Adams, the Kolb Brothe

Thomas OSullivan, W. Bell and others

Audiovisual programs provide more in

depth information, such as historic

accounts relating to early tourism at th

canyon and the efforts to protect it by

designating it a national park.

Audiovisual presentations might also

include Native American storytelling,

inviting visitors to learn more about thenine tribes associated with Grand

Canyon and the cultures, traditions an

special connections to the canyon.

Within the gallery is an opportunity to

display in protective casework approp

ate Native American artifacts, such as

split twig figurines and a variety of

ceramic vessels. Visitors might also ha

the opportunity to view objects from e

exploration, settlement and tourism at

canyon, including Major John Wesley

Powells watch, one of Clement Powe



1 Exh ib it s fea tu re ar ti facts f rom the pa rk 's

collection in archival displays

2 S to ri es a bo ut Na ti ve A me ri ca n h is to ry

and culture share different perspectives

3 Inter ac ti ve e xper iences engage d if fe rent

senses

4 C om pe ll in g i ma ge ry co nv ey s t he on -going effort to ensure the protection of

the river, while providing inspiring

recreational opportunities

4


20/90

5

7

6

diaries and early hotel objects, such as

Fred Harvey promotional and souvenir

items.

To communicate the duration and inter-

connectedness of human history at

Grand Canyon, the exhibits might include

an extensive timeline that illustrates the

various cultures that played a role in

shaping life along and in the canyon.

Visitors will also appreciate how cultural

history relates to geology and ecology,

learning about the discoveries of early

explorers such as John Wesley Powell,

and how the various rock environments

create a dynamic and diverse ecosystem.

Ecology Gallery

The final gallery along the interpretive trail

focuses on ecology. Here, visitors will

connect what they viewed on the Canyon

Wall Model with the unique plants and

animals at Grand Canyon.

Interpretive graphics provide an in-depth

interpretation about a wide range of

ecology themes, including plant commu-

nities, life zones and unique adaptations.

Audiovisual programs provide more in-

depth information, such as information on

endangered species and non-native

plants and animals.

Interactive activities might invite visito

to match animals with their habitats or

identify species with symbiotic relatio

ships. Carved models and castings of

actual specimens offer visitors tactile

experiences.

Significant specimens from the parks

herbarium collection might be display

in protective casework, in addition to

catalogued samples for more interact

viewing.

Visitors will also appreciate how ecolo

relates to other topics, learning about

fragile biological soil crusts that slow

erosion and retain moisture, and the

significance of Life Zones to the large

ecological research community.

5 Interpretat ion w il l h ighl ight t he an imals

and plants that contribute to Grand

Canyon's diverse ecosystem

6 C om pe ll in g h is to ri c i ma ge ry ad ds to a

rich interpretive environment

7 I nd oo r e xp er ie nc es in sp ir e o ut do or

exploration

8 Beaut iful ly scu lp ted rock r einforces the

power and importance of water



8


21/90

Within the Model-Niches

Continuing along their interpretive jou

ney, visitors discover light-protected

spaces behind the Canyon Wall Mode

exhibit niches ideal for rich multimedia

and immersive experiences.

These multimedia programs encourag

visitors to make connections with the

ideas, meanings and values of Grand

Canyons geological, ecological, cultu

and historical resources. The multimed

program might feature one large inform

tion database that enables each niche

be focused on one specific topic. Visit

could focus on one theme and also ga

access to the larger body of informati

enabling them to explore at their own

pace.

Touch screen videos programs provid

depth interpretation for visitors to lear

more about: the four distinct forests

within the canyon; historic tourism con

flicts; the importance of caves to

sustaining a healthy ecosystem and th

connection to Native American culture

and changing viewpoints between diff

ent cultures and throughout time.



1 Inter io r Per spec ti ve Sketch o f Beh ind the

Model Gallery at the Powerhouse

2 Interpret ive N iches a re idea l for mul ti -media experiences

3 Mul timedia e xper iences engage v is itor s

with in-depth interpretation

2 3

1

16


22/90

Arriving at the River

A dynamic environment awaits visitors

arriving at the river where they find the

selves immersed in the sounds and sig

of the natural river corridor complete

a scaled-down version of the Colorad

River that might feature recirculating w

A large area of floor space in front of th

model provides ample opportunity for

exhibits that both highlight river-relate

themes.

Visitors will also notice the transition f

desert to riparian plants and how nativ

plants, invasive species and water co

have all shaped the ribbon of life along

river. A line of dead mesquite trees on

canyon model illustrates the impact of

controlling water levels.

Along the river, visitors can interact wi

large-scale objects to learn more abou

river history, such as a reproduction of

Wesley Powells wooden boat. Toucha

river sculpted rock with fluting and sca

ing conveys the impact of water over t

A final exhibit area presents an overvie

the issues facing the Grand Canyon to

their historic roots and future implicati

Having concluded their Journey from

River, visitors exit the exhibit space int

wide hallway leading into the booksto

Powerhouse lobby, or retrace their ste

a journey up the interpretive trail.



MAIN GALLERY AT THE GROUND FLOOR OF THE POWERHOUSE


23/90

18



Bookstore & Powerhouse History

Visitors can enrich their understandin

and appreciation of the Grand Canyo

purchasing theme-related publication

and products.

The bookstore will feature educationamaterials about Geology, Ecology, Na

American History & Perspectives,

History, the Colorado River, Preservat

& Stewardship, and Canyon Arts &

Inspiration.

The bookstore for this building is in an

area that houses the generators that

previously provided power to the Sou

Rim. These generators will be incorpo

rated into the bookstore environment

will have exhibits that explain the build

ings history. The plans for this buildin

can be found in the Building Concept

section of this book.

1 Inter io r Per spec ti ve Sketch o f Bookstore

at the Powerhouse

2 E xam ple of Bo ok store Di spl ays

3 E xam ple of Bo ok store Di spl ays

2 3

1


24/90

NATIVE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT GRAND CANYON


Introduction

Native Americans were the first peopl

discover, explore and live in the Grand

Canyon region. The history of these fi

populations, their experience and how

they lived within Grand Canyon is of g

value to understanding the resource

itself. These early populations develo

an intimate relationship with the enviro

ment at Grand Canyon and cultivated

resources available to them. Today th

decendants of these tribes carry forth

these traditions and maintain a strong

connection to the Grand Canyon as a

sacred place.

The tribes with past and present ties t

Grand Canyon are:

Havasupai

Hualapai

Hopi

Kaibab Band of Paiute

Navajo Nation

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah

Pueblo of Zuni

San Juan Southern Paiute

1

6

2

4

7

3

5

8

1 Havasu Falls

2 Hopi Artifacts

3 Kaibab Paiute Artifacts

4 Vulcans Anvil

5 Navajo Weaving

6 I ll us tr at io n o f P ue bl o D we ll in g

7 1995, Members of the Hopi

Coochyamptewa Family dancing at Hopi

House

8 1 93 3, Ho pi Da nc er s a t t he de di ca ti on o f

the Desert View Watchtower


25/90


The Vi l lage Interpretive Center20

MULE BARN(THEATER & EDUCATIONCENTER)

Indoor Evening Events and

Performances

Classroom Space for special

programs and demonstrations

Gathering Place for School Groups

AMPHITHEATER

Large, outdoor area for demonstra-

tions, talks and performances of all

kinds

MAINTENANCE BUILDING(CANYON ARTS & INSPIRATION)

Permanent Display of Native

American Art

Traveling Exhibit Opportunities


POWERHOUSE

Primary Exhibits with galleries

displaying Native American

artifacts and interpetive informa-

tion

LAUNDRY BUILDING(HISTORIC EXHIBITS)

Native American Artifacts and

Interpretation about the River

THE TERRACE

Small Gathering Seating Areas

Native American Performances or

Demonstrations/Talks

An Integral Exp erience

The National Park Service an

American Indian tribes repres

Grand Canyon have continue

together to ensure the on-go

tion of Grand Canyon. Both N

American staff members and

sentatives have participated

conceptual planning for the V

Interpretive Center.

American Indian tribes have c

great deal to Grand Canyon,

work in the preservation of its

relationship to their culture, t

meaning and expression deri

place and the stewardship of

environment.

Design Influences

The Village Interpretive Cente

approach integrates the Nativ

experience throughout the sit

approach enables the Americ

tribes to use all areas withou

though their stories and histo

limited to one place.

All buildings and the 7-acre s

include Native American inte

and have been designed with

NATIVE AMERICAN PROGRAM AT THE VILLAGE INTERPRETIVE CENTER


26/90

1 H uala pai C amp, G ran d C an yon

2 Anasazi Bridge

3 Nankoweap Graneries

Influences on Building Design and

Site Structures:

The only new architectural elements on

the site are the entry decks and shade

structures associated with four of the

buildings. In addition to complementing

the historic nature of the site and build-

ings, these elements reflect a design

approach inspired by past peoples who

adapted to the climatic challenges of

Grand Canyon. It was clear that native

cultures used materials in two

approaches to mitigate the effects of the

harsh climate. The first was to build light

structures that touched upon the land

with respect and allowed wind movement

through the structure to combat the heat.

This was an effective use of materials

available at the Grand Canyon. The

second was to make use of the thermal

mass available in heavier structures that

were integrated into the landscape by the

use of stone. Thermal mass allowed

these heavier structures to remain tem-

perate in a hot or cold environment.

These ideas influence the shade structure

design and the use of passive cooling

and heating approaches for the primary

occupied buildings on the site.



Terraces and Main Public Space:

The primary design parameters for Na

American use include: a variety of spa

that are open for interpretation, set in

natural environment and with the use o

sustainable materials that are inheren

native culture and its relationship to G

Canyon.

With this in mind, the primary Main Pla

between the buildings at the Village

Interpretive Center has been left virtua

intact out of respect for the natural en

ment. This space will be complement

the addition of some stone seat walls,

crushed stone paving, and native plan

and trees. The smaller terraces to the

of the Main Plaza will have a similar ma

palette. The Main Plaza can be used a

place for presentations and tours abo

native plant species and their medicin

while, smaller terraces can be used as

intimate gathering spots.

Program Coordination Offices:

The offices for the American Indian trib

and National Park Service coordinatio

site events are located in the same sp

the ground floor of the icehouse portio

the Powerhouse, which will serve as t

primary visitor center.

1 2

3


27/90

22

tions from available sources.

be used as a place where Na

American artists can show th

hold public interaction forum

discussions and/or craft dem

Laundry Building

(Historic Exhibits):

This building will primarily hou

tion of historic, conserved bo

once used on the Colorado R

American interpretive opport

building will relate primarily to

Colorado River and its impac

and meaning to the native cul

Mule Barn

(Theater & Education Cente

This building will house a 185

climate controlled theater. Th

here will serve as an alternate

smaller venue for indoor func

to those of the amphitheat er.

Theater may run an orientatio

times when no special presen

scheduled, it can be reserved

in the evening hours or during

weather. The classrooms ups

also be used by the Native Am

tribes for regularly scheduled

events such as craft-making a

telling.



Amphitheater:

A large outdoor space seats up to 400

people and is placed in a natural bowl on

the site. The backdrop for this space is

the Bright Angel Wash with additional

native plants and trees. This space will

accommodate large demonstrations,talks and performances.

Powerhouse:

This building will host the primary inter-

pretive experience at the Village

Interpret ive Center. The coordination

offices are located in this building along

with interpretive exhibits about Native

American History and its relationship to

the primary concept, Journey from Rim to

River. In addition to a large model of a

portion of the Grand Canyon and a ramp

system that emulates the trail experience,

there will be galleries where additional

artifacts and audio/visual technologies

will further enhance the understanding of

Native Americans and Grand Canyon.

Maintenance Building

(Canyon Arts & Inspiration):

This building includes three gallery

spaces that will display artifacts from the

park's permanent collection, as well as

space to accommodate traveling exhibi-

43

1

1 Native American Slipper

2 Stone Artifacts

3 Stone Carvings

4 Navajo Painter

5 Rock Art Hands

6 Pot Artifact

2

65


28/90

Summary

The concept plan outlined in this book is

the result of on-going work with the

National Park Service and the American

Indian tribes at Grand Canyon.

Throughout this collaborative process

Native American interpretive staff and

tribal representatives have helped to

develop a comprehensive plan that

reflects the rich cultural heritage of Grand

Canyon.

Long before the planning efforts detailed

in this book, a preliminary idea was

explored of having a Native American

Cultural Center on the site. This center

was to be located at the Livery Stable

that currently houses a mule concession

operation.

While this dedicated space would have

allowed the American Indian tribes to

share their history, viewpoints, demon-

strations and crafts with park visitors, the

space would have segregated the

experience to one building on the site.

During this current planning effort, it was

determined that the historic use of the

Livery Stable was of value to the site and

that the mule operation should be kept at

this location.

These ideas have led the con

towards an approach to integ

American stories, needs and

throughout the site and into t

visitor experience rather than

segregate it in one place.

The in tegration of Native Amcultures throughout the exhib

site opportunities at the Villa

Interpretive Center, will provi

experience for both visitors a

of the region.

This design approach will hel

National Park Service and the

Indian tribes to take pride in a

goal, to share with park visito

contributions made by Ameri

tribes connected with Grand

and to provide them with a se

stewardship for this amazing



3

21

1 2003, Work sho p f or th e Co nc ept

Planning of the Village Interpretive

Center

2 Ame ric an In di an Ro de o C ow bo y

Association Event

3 Ch il d h avi ng fu n w ith a bab y lam b


29/90


SITE CONCEPTS

Th Vi l l I t ti C t


30/90

SITE CONCEPTS


SITE LOCATION

The site for the Village Interpretive Ce

is located at the heart of the visitor se

ices area at the South Rim. It is visible

from Village Loop Road and its develo

ment and rehabilitation will compleme

existing services currently available at

location. The diagram to the left showsproximity to lodging, trails, transportat

and the rim.

The adaptive reuse of this 7-acre site w

transform utility and industrial use buil

ings to an in-depth education and

discovery center that will revitalize this

area.

This section of the book will review the

following topics:

Proposed Site Concept

Adaptive Reuse Site Impacts

Cul tural Systems

Natural Systems

Connection to the Rim

Working and Interpretive Zones

Working Zone Strategy

Sustainabil ity

Plant ing Concept

Site Material Language

Building Material Language

Shade Structures

Vehicular Circulation

Pedestrian Circulation Amphitheater Location

Site Energy Strategies

Concept Plan Phasing

OLD SUPERINTEN-DENTS HOUSE

RANGER OPERA-TIONS BUILDING

THE VILLAGEINTERPRETIVECENTER

MASWIKTRANSPORTATIONCENTER

TRAIN DEPOT

HOPI HOUSE

EL TOVAR

KOLB STUDIO VILLAGE LOOP

WEST RIM DRIVE

HISTORIC MASWIKCABINS

VICTOR/VICTORANNEX

COMMUNITYBUILDING

OLD VILLAGEBYPASS ROAD

BRIGHT ANGELLODGE

Restricted access

Visitor parking

Shuttle bus route

Employee access

Pedestrian trail

Bike and/or pedestrian trail

Transit center

Plaza/pedestrian area

Lodging/visitor services

Community services

Management support

Revegetate

GENERAL OFFICESBUILDING

COLTER HALL

LOOKOUT STUDIO

MASWIK LODGE

MODIFIED DIAGRAM OF GRAND CANYON VILLAGE FROM THE 1995 GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN



31/90

PROPOSED SITE CONCEPTS

Introduction

The concept for the visitor experience

the site engages six existing buildings

and the areas between and around the

With a thoughtful rehabilitation of the

buildings and site this existing service

area will be transformed into the prem

interpretive facility for the Grand Cany

experience.

Access to the Site

The 1995 GMP notes that a Village

Interpretive Center would require stro

connections to the park-wide systems

around it to ensure its success. The

primary connection, of the Village with

vitality of the Rim experience, via a bridover the Bright Angel Wash and train

tracks will be clear, direct and safe

pedestrian route. Less direct, on-grad

alternatives will follow a new accessib

path, or two stairways, down the slope

before crossing the tracks and Wash.

Elsewhere, pedestrian, bicycle and

shuttle bus connections into the Villag

are clarified by adjusting existing path

circulation routes and drop-off points.

Vehicular access to the site will be

improved in the near-term (pending

SITE CONCEPTS


LAUNDRY

Boat Museum

Cafe

Centralized Restrooms

POWERHOUSE

Interpretation

NPS and Native

American Coordination

Offices

Bookstore

Bike Rental Facility

AMPHITHEATER

Outdoor Seating and

Stage

MULE BARN

Orientation Theater

Education Center

BLACKSMITH SHOP

Guided Tours of

Historic Working

Function

MAINTENANCE

Gallery

Demonstration Area

LIVERY STABLE

Guided Tours of

Historic Working

Function

Mule Viewing Area

PUBLIC SPACE

Central Corridor

EXISTING AERIAL SITE PHOTOGRAPH WITH ADAPTIVE REUSE PROGRAM



32/90

SITE CONCEPTS


THE VILLAGE INTERPRETIVE CENTER SITE PLAN

resolution of park wide parking and tra

issues), by adding limited amounts of

parking in adjacent lots and clarifying

connections to the existing parking at

Backcountry Offices. The future light

system, proposed in the GMP to be

located in the Wash area, has been

anticipated in the site planning for the

Village and can be accommodated wit

little impact.

Site Program

Visitor and support facilities will find

homes in four under-utilized buildings

after significant rehabilitation. As the

centerpiece structure, the three-story

Powerhouse will anchor the pedestria

bridge connection to the Rim and hou

the principal interpretive exhibit, thebookstore, offices, and public restroo

Bicycle rental facilities will occupy the

north side of the lower level of the

Powerhouse, adjacent to the extended

Greenway and visible to visitors

approaching from the pedestrian bridg

and Village Loop Road.

Other visitor facilities include an orien

tion theater and education center in th

Mule Barn; an art gallery in the

Maintenance Building; and a caf, boa

museum, and restrooms in the Laundr

Building.

28 The Vi l lage Interpretive Center


33/90

2

SITE CONCEPTS

g p

AERIAL VIEW ILLUSTRATION OF THE THE VILLAGE INTERPRETIVE CENTER

Two buildings, the Livery Stable and th

Blacksmith Shop, will continue to func

tion, largely unchanged, as a working

mule operation with adjacent staff par

ing, a reconfigured mule corral, and

operational accommodations for guid

tours.

A new amphitheater, dining terraces, a

view corridors will reveal and enhance

natural and cultural riches of the natur

environment where activities as varied

musical events, Native American perfo

ances, lectures, and demonstrations w

welcome visitor participation.

In the development of the site program

and concept, the preservation of signi

cant site resources was carefully

balanced with the need to accommod

new uses on the site. New materials a

structures will be compatible with the

historic structures and the natural pale

of the site.

ADAPTIVE REUSE SITE IMPACT

Pedestrian Bridge

The new pedestrian bridge from the rim

the Village Interpretive Center will intro

duce a new visual feature to the area.

design team proposes that this bridge



34/90

constructed of cor-ten steel trusses and

be allowed to weather naturally. The

bridge design will be in the same charac-

ter as the bridges built at the bottom of

the canyon and be light in form to mini-

mize its visual impact on the Bright Angel

Wash and adjacent areas. This approach

will complement the historical industrial

character of the surrounding buildings

and the site.

Other Site Improvements

A Main Plaza area will replace the paved

roads and parking that dominate the

central space between buildings. P aved

in a stabilized crushed stone with a

hardened accessible path at its perime-

ter, the Main Plaza will be an open,

pedestrian zone restricting vehicular

access to emergencies or limited service

requirements. Low rock walls will support

new soil for a raised planting island and

ramp condition that will provide definition

to the Plaza. The new construction will

use materials similar in character to the

significant existing natural and cultural

landscape.

New Structures

Shade structures constructed of wood

posts, lightweight cor-ten steel trusses

SITE CONCEPTS

and corrugated metal roofs will provid

covered shelter in the Main Plaza adja

cent to the buildings. These elements

have been designed to reference the

existing rustic industrial structures of t

area, and be freestanding from the bu

ings to minimize their physical impact.

Amphithea ter and the Terrace

East and west of the Powerhouse, the

Amphitheater and Terraces will replac

utility, roadway and parking areas with

stone walls, boulders and planting tha

recall the topographic and geologic

underpinnings of the site. Carefully

following the contours of the site, the

ramps and stone steps of the

Amphitheater will be located to prese

a small grove of existing trees. The

Terraces will be the setting for smaller

programs and demonstrations, and w

provide an opportunity for an expansio

of the outdoor dining area of the Laund

Building.

Planting and Vegetation

Throughout the site, native drought-

resistant trees, shrubs and groundcov

will be planted where appropriate to

provide shade and a green cover over

relatively barren, historic utilitarian lanscape.

PERSPECTIVE SKETCH OF PROPOSED SITE CONCEPTS

MULE BARN (THEATER &EDUCATION CENTER)

AMPHITHEATER

MAINTENANCE BUILDING(CANYON ARTS &INSPIRATION)

POWERHOUSELAUNDRY BUILDING(HISTORIC EXHIBITS)

MAIN PLAZA

LIVERY STABLE

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

THE TERRACE

BLACKSMITH SHOP



35/90

CULTURAL SYSTEMS

The draft (October 2002) Cultural

Landscape Report (CLR) notes that the

region has had over 5,000 years of

human occupation, dating back to the

several prehistoric Native American

peoples. At the Village InterpretiveCenter (VIC) site, the CLR identifies the

period of significance for the extant

cultural landscape as between 1897 to

1942. This period spans the beginning of

the tourist development through the end

of the Civilian Conservation Corps work

in National Parks when this area was

notable as a utility and transportation

hub.

As prominent natural features, Bright

Angel Wash and its terraced rock slopes

have equal significance to the cultural

landscape.

Views and Open Spac e

Retaining and maintaining the existing

views and open space in and around the

Main Plaza of the VIC are key recommen-

dations noted in the CLR. The view down

the long east-west axis of the Main Plaza

and the open space character of the

Bright Angel Wash are retained virtually

intact. The east-west view along Bright

EXISTING SITE SYSTEMS

Angel Wash reveals the terraced topo

phy and the stone wall that defines thi

historic transit corridor.

Trees

Trees within the Village Interpretive

Center site and in groves near the

Community Building and Blacksmith

Shop are also noted in the CLR as co

tributing features to the cultural

landscape. Very little tree or ground c

remains within the site. With their slo

growth in this rocky environment, mat

trees with canopies are slow to estab

Particularly notable are a single 50 pi

at the southeast corner of the

Powerhouse and a cluster of smaller

trees in a natural amphitheater-like slo

between the Powerhouse and the Mul

Barn. Just off the site to the east and

south, significant groves of trees in

grassland are reminiscent of the histo

forest that once dominated the land-

scape.

CULTURAL SYSTEMS DIAGRAM



36/90

EXISTING SITE SYSTEMS

NATURAL SYSTEMS DIAGRAM

NATURAL SYSTEMS

The natural systems of the site have

indelible patterns that are still legible

amidst the roads and buildings. To the

careful observer, those patterns of top

raphy, hydrology, geology, tree cover,

winds and drainageways reveal the ricnatural landscape that shaped the var

human interventions over time.

Bright Angel Wash and the 20-30 ta

terraced rock slopes directly north of t

wash are the dominant topographic

features. These features form a natura

barrier that historically separated the

utilitarian landscape of the site from th

tourist lodging at the South Rim. The

wash itself, with its relatively flat, acce

ble grades was a natural route for the

roads and trails that may have preced

the railroad.

Very little tree or ground cover remain

within the site. With their slow growth

this rocky environment, trees are prec

commodities. Particularly notable are

single 30 pine at the southeast corne

the Powerhouse and a cluster of smal

trees in a natural amphitheater-like slo

between the Powerhouse and the Mul

Barn. Just off the site to the east and

south, significant groves of trees ingrassland are reminiscent of the histo

forest that once dominated the land-

scape.



37/90

GREENWAY

SITE DESIGN CONCEPTS

CONNECTION TO THE RIM

The existing complex of buildings at th

village is separated from the Rim area

a large wash that also accommodates

daily arrival of the train from Williams a

may handle a light rail drop off point in

future. Crossing the wash and train trapresents a formidable obstacle to visit

at the rim who may wish to visit the site

For this reason, a bridge is provided th

makes a strong connection from the ri

to the new interpretive village. It is also

important that this bridge make a logic

connection to the vital pedestrian pro

nade that exists along the rim.

The best opportunity for this connectio

exists in the space between Bright An

and Thunderbird Lodges. With a reorg

1 S ite Sec tion Showing Pedestr ian Bridge

Connection to the Rim

2 Composi te Images of the View between

the Powerhouse and the Rim

2

1

TRAINROADWALKWAY ROAD

POWERHOUSE RIM PEDESTRIANROUTE



38/90

zation of some of the existing parking,

removal of several existing smaller trees

and the introduction of a new path adja-

cent to Thunderbird, a direct visual link

can be created to the new Powerhouse

Interpretive Facility. This will allow you to

stand on the path at the rim and have a

clear view of the Powerhouse Entry.

Locating the new bridge along this line of

sight will provide you with a clear, simple

and obvious path to that point. This path

will connect with and pass by an existing

shuttle bus stop and shelter, which will

provide the same clear visual access to

visitors riding the shuttle.

The bridge is proposed as a light cor-ten

steel truss-work bridge that spans

between heavy masonry abutments on

both end of the bridge. These masonryelements reach out from either side

lessening the span of the bridge and

visually balancing the lightness of the

center span. They also provide pausing,

overlook and orientation points on either

side for visitors, and are to be made from

masonry (Kaibab Limestone) that harmo-

nizes with the golden color earth of the

site. The simple twelve foot wide truss-

work span reflects the strait-forward

language of the two bridges at the bottom

of the canyon. While they are respectively

the Silver Bridge and Black Bridge

the new bridge, made of self weatherin

cor-ten steel that is easy to maintain,

would be the Brown Bridge. Adequa

guardrails and handrails as well as a s

walking surface will provide safe and

comfortable passage for even the fain

heart.

In order to adequately clear the train b

as well as tall trucks on the vehicular

access road, the bridge lands at a hig

masonry abutment on the powerhouse

side and then translates down to the

powerhouse entry level by means of a

secondary ramp. On the north side of

bridge the abutment flares open towa

the road, welcoming pedestrians from

several trajectories and providing a

secure place to pause away for traffic

1 Ske tch of Pedestr ian Bridge ove r Brigh t

Angel Wash

2 B lack B ridg e, Grand Canyon

3 C on st ru ct ion D et ai l o f B la ck Br id ge

4 Ex ample of Sto ne t o be used at

Pedestrian Bridge Abutments


1

2 3

4

34




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WORKING & INTERPRETIVE ZONES

All of the buildings on the site have

utilitarian roots and historically provided

support for the South Rims visitor serv-

ices. The buildings at the site still serve

some support functions to this day and

include, warehouse storage, maintenance

facilities and mule concession operations.

The Powerhouse, Laundry Building and

Maintenance Building share the same

utilitarian language. Their facades are

constructed of a rough masonry base

with dark wood detailing and steel win-

dows and doors. Their interiors also share

a similar industrial aesthetic with steel

truss roof framing.

The Mule Barn, Livery Stable and

Blacksmith Shop share a working barnor more agrarian language. The Mule

Barn is currently empty, the Livery Stable

houses the mules that are used at Grand

Canyon and the functioning Blacksmith

Shop is still used to support the mule

operations.

The development of the site program and

interpretive concepts lead the design

team to the determination that it would be

important to retain the historic uses of the

Livery Stable and Blacksmith Shop.


AERIAL VIEW OF THE CENTER FROM THE NORTHEAST

WORKING ZONE

INTERPRETIVE ZONE

Their value as actual working operat

facilities will be a very important cultur

resource to the Village Interpretive

Center, as well as a valuable interpret

tool. It is intended that both the

Blacksmith Shop and Livery Stable wo

operate pretty much as they currently

while accommodating limited access

visitors through interpretive tours con

ducted by the staff.

By retaining some of these operationa

staff and concessionaire functions, th

complex would be divided into two zo

the interpretive zone and the workin

zone.

The interpretive zone is open to the

public and visitors are free to roam fre

through its many exhibits and areas, w

access to the working zone is restric

to guided tours and observation from

periphery. In fact, the edges between

these zones must be carefully conside

to prevent undesirable overlap or mixin

of uses.


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41/90

1

SUSTAINABILITY

While recognizing that the National Pa

have not yet decided whether to pursu

LEED certification (requiring addition

formal documentation) for this project

is recognized that the US Green Build

Councils codification of sustainable

strategies in the LEED criteria is a goo

way to target and track sustainable

design issues to ensure that sustainab

remains on the agenda throughout the

design process. LEED (rating system

version 2.1) criteria has been used to

assess the proposed concept plans

sustainability potential. The matrix

included in appendix illustrates the

proposed strategies towards achievin

specific sustainable goals. The summ

tion of the matrix indicates a strong

possibility of achievement of a gold ra

under the LEED rating system for the

overall project.

As individual task orders are issued in

relationship to this Concept Plan for

specific buildings it is suggested that

LEED for Existing Buildings (currently

its pilot phase) criteria be used.


1 Drainage Culvert

2 Bio-Swale

3 Brigh t Angel Wash Dra inage a t West of

Site

4 Rock Erosion Control

5 Brigh t Angel Wash Dra inage Area near

Train Station

23

4 5




42/90


Water

The existing Village Interpretive Cente

Site already has a number of water

management programs in place for bo

clean water collection and for grey wa

reclamation and re-use.

Since the proposed adaptive re-use p

may increase visitation, it is proposed

existing water management strategies

used, added to and enhanced where

possible.

Fresh Water

The current strategy for obtaining fres

drinkable water for the Village Interpre

Center (outlined in the diagram to the

provided by the National Park Service

a great example of utilizing efficient

means appropriate to the existing situ

tion. With the increase in potable wate

demand to the new facilities, the exist

water supply would need to be evalua

in more detail with the assistance of th

National Park Service.

Grey Water

Grey water reclamation and reuse stra

gies are currently employed at other

projects at Grand Canyon. The conce

plan proposes to implement similar

strategies as part of each buildings

NORTH/SOUTH RIM FRESH WATER SYSTEM DIAGRAM

38




43/90


SITE GRADING DIAGRAM

rehabilitation. Grey water from sinks,

employee showers and rainwater run-

from roofs can be collected and retain

on-site or directed to tie into the existi

water treatment system for greater pa

reuse. The water retained on-site can

then be utilized for initial plant establis

ment, mule corral maintenance or toileflushing.

To enhance the visibility of this sustain

able strategy it is proposed that this

water be stored in an aboveground

storage tank, incorporated into an edu

tional exhibit.

Drainage and Water Management

The site generally falls about 22 diago

nally from its highest point at Village Lo

Road to the northwest corner of theLaundry Building, with most of the sur

face runoff draining into Bright Angel

Wash.

Site rainwater runoff (including parkin

lot and roadway runoff) will be directe

overland via sheet flow to grass bio-

swales to capture particulate pollutan

(suspended solids and trace metals),

promote infiltration, and reduce the flo

velocity of storm water runoff before

being directed into the Wash.




44/90


Drainage of the mule corral area would

collected separately and treated prior

connection to the existing sanitary wa

water system. After treatment at the

wastewater facility the reclaimed wate

could be re-used as appropriate.

Planting

Native, low water use, drought toleran

plant species will be used throughout

Village Interpretive Center site. No irrig

tion will be provided to these species

the exception of selective hand wateri

for the first one to two years in key are

to promote plant establishment.

Consistent with National Park Service

natural resource management policies

seed stock for new planting will be ha

vested from within the project watersh

to prevent genome contamination.

A precious commodity at the Grand

Canyon, trees provide much needed

protection from the harsh climate.

Because trees have a very slow growt

rate at this particular site, they are diff

to replace. Site grading improvements

are designed to retain significant exist

trees.

1 E xa mp le o f Ca nopy a nd G ra ss Zone

2 E xa mp le o f Ca nopy a nd G ra ss Zone

3 Native Vegetation

4 Ex amp le of Op en Grass Zo ne

5 Ex amp le of Shrub and Ro ck Zo ne

6 Native Vegetation

4 5

1 2 3

6

40




45/90

wildflowers. There is virtually no tre

canopy and the shrub layer is scat

tered and minimal. This zone will b

extended across the western

approach to the Laundry and

Maintenance Buildings. It will rep

existing asphalt pavement with an

open native meadow, and enhancethe visual connection with the

Hermits Rest shuttle stop area.

Planting Zone C

Shrub and Rock Zone is characte

tic of the slopes of the Bright Ange

Wash. While the rocky slopes of t

zone do not support grasses or tre

they are nearly absent, the shrub la

is quite diverse and notable. The

character of this zone will be recal

in the areas of greatest grade chaincluding the sloped walks and ter

races at the South Entrance, the

Amphitheater, and the Terraces.

S S CO C S

PLANTING CONCEPT DIAGRAM

Planting Concept

The VIC planting concept (see diagram

on the next page) adopts the existing

native plant palette to expand the native

vegetative cover and provide visual and

ecological connection with the surround-

ing landscape. The existing landscape

was characterized into three distinct

typologies which informed the location

and extent of the planting concept:

Planting Zone A

Canopy and Grass Zone, which

covers the southern and eastern

edges of the site is characterized by a

closed canopy of Pinyon and

Ponderosa Pine trees. The ground-

cover layer is a diverse mix of grasses,

wildflowers and prickly pear cacti,typically without shrubs. Expanding

this landscape typology to the adja-

cent Amphitheater and Mule Corral

will, in time, add shade to key human

and animal gathering areas.

Planting Zone B

Open Grass Zone, is most evident on

the northwestern corner of the site

but is also visible along the Bright

Angel Wash. The ground plane in this

zone is rich with tall grasses and




46/90

sources within 500 miles of the projec

such as the Kaibab-limestone quarry

nearby Williams, Arizona.

Concrete

Site walkways, horizontal patios and

paths will be constructed of textured

colored concrete for durability and eaof maintenance. Colors for these ele-

ments will be chosen to integrate with

natural colors of the site. These exterio

concrete elements, and all other conc

and mortar used on site, will incorpora

fly ash, a by-product of coal-fired pow

plants. Fly ash creates a more durable

product while reducing the amount of

carbon dioxide that is produced in ma

standard concrete. The benefits of fly

concrete when compared to conventi

concrete include: increased strength,

of a waste by-product, and less energused and global warming gases creat

in its manufacture.

Timber, Lumber & Wood

Site features, including benches and

shade structures, will incorporate larg

hewn from logs timber components,

which will be allowed to achieve a nat

weathered wood finish. These feature

will be produced with salvaged or recy

cled material from the secondary woo

market or assembled from smaller sus

tainably harvested dimensional lumbeother wood site features will be con-

structed of sustainably harvested woo

as appropriate.

1 Tr ai l E dg ing at Br ig ht An ge l Tr ai l

2 Te rr ac ing wi th R ock a nd S tone

3 NativePlants

4 Pedestri an Pat h near the Sit e

1

3 4

2

SITE MATERIAL LANGUAGE

The use of local materials that is appropri-

ate to the canyon eco-region is a defining

goal for new construction. The availability

of these materials within a 500 mile

radius outside the National Parklands is a

key sustainable objective (per LEED

sustainability criteria) that supports thelocal economy and avoids the environ-

mentally unsound practice of long

distance transport.

Historically, structures were built of local

materials out of necessity. Using this

palet

Documents

Grand Canyon Village Interpretive Center Concept Plan