Godhra Train Burning - Justice Nanavati Report

7/31/2019 Godhra Train Burning - Justice Nanavati Report

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@lfpmp{mfg ln

Cq& Otp{m`d G&[& Fhfh~h{m

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Cq& Otp{m`d Hbpeh} E& Cde{h

Mf{l {ed nh`{p* `mq`tcp{hf`dp hfk hjj {ed `ltqpd ln d~df{p ln {ed

mf`mkdf{p {eh{ jdk {l pd{{mfg lf nmqd plcd `lh`edp ln {ed Phahqch{m

Duyqdpp [qhmf lf 17&1&1991 fdhq Glkeqh Qhmjwh} P{h{mlf hfk {ed

ptapdxtdf{ mf`mkdf{p ln ~mljdf`d mf {ed P{h{d mf {ed hn{dqch{e ln {ed

Glkeqh mf`mkdf{&

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ehyydfdk mf {ed clqfmfg ln 17#1#1991* fdhq Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf* mf wemè 4=

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Clp{ ln {ed ~m`{mcp wdqd Qhcpd~hbp %hjpl qdndqqdk {l hp Bhqpd~hbp-& [emp mf`mkdf{

%edqdmfhn{dq qdndqqdk {l hp Glkeqh mf`mkdf{- ehk ehyydfdk plcd{mcd ad{wddf

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Hecdkhahk halt{ 1999 {l 1199 Qhcpd~hbp ehk alhqkdk {ed {qhmf nqlc H}lke}h&

[ed} ehk dhqjmdq glfd nqlc Gtohqh{ {l H}lke}h h{ {ed mfp{hf`d ln ^mpe~h Emfkt

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1& Tfkdqp{hfkhaj}* {emp mf`mkdf{ whp ~dq} wmkdj} qdylq{dk a} {ed djd`{qlfm`

hfk yqmf{ cdkmh& Lf {ed fdu{ kh} clqfmfg {ed edhk jmfd lf {ed nqlf{ yhgd ln

Gtohqh{ Phchèhq* h jdhkmfg Gtohqh{m fdwpyhydq ln {ed P{h{d* eh~mfg ~dq} wmkd

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FRONMN %[qhfpjh{dk mf{l Dfgjmpe m{ wltjk qdhk & [ed clp{ ahqahqltp hfk

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nqlc H}lke}h-& Dfgjmpe fdwpyhydqp [ed [mcdp ln Mfkmh . Mfkmhf Duyqdppeh~d wmkd `mq`tjh{mlf mf Gtohqh{& [m{jd ln {ed qdylq{ mf [ed [mcdp ln Mfkmh whp?


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B&G&Pehe* hp {ed @lccmppmlf ln Mfxtmq}& [ed {dqcp ln qdndqdf`d p{h{dk mf {ed phmk

Fl{mnm`h{mlf hqd?

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{qhmf lf 17#1#1991 fdhq Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf2

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mf`mkdf{2 hfk

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P{h{d2

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addf tpdk {l yqd~df{ {ed mf`mkdf{2

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mf nt{tqd&

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yql~mpmlfp ln pta#pd`{mlfp %1- {l %4- ln pd`{mlf4 ln {ed H`{&

4& Wm{emf h pelq{ {mcd {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ ln Gtohqh{ nltfk m{ fd`dpphq} {l

qd`lfp{m{t{d {ed @lccmppmlf mf ytajm` mf{dqdp{* a} `lf~dq{mfg {ed pmfgjd cdcadq

@lccmppmlf mf{l {wl cdcadqp @lccmppmlf edhkdk a} h qd{mqdk Otkgd ln {ed

Ptyqdcd @ltq{ ln Mfkmh& [edqdnlqd* {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ a} h Fl{mnm`h{mlf kh{dk 18p{

Ch}* 1991 hyylmf{dk lfd ln tp %Cq& Otp{m`d G&[&Ffh~h{m*- hp h cdcadq hfk

èhmqchf ln {ed @lccmppmlf& Lf 0#>#1991 {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ hcdfkdk {ed


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>{eChqè fl{mnm`h{mlf hfk mf`jtkdk wm{emf {ed p`lyd ln mfxtmq} {ed mf`mkdf{p ln

~mljdf`d {eh{ ehk {hbdf yjh`d mf Gtohqh{ {mjj 09{e Chqè* 1991& Hghmf lf 19#7#

199;* {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ hcdfkdk {eh{ fl{mnm`h{mlf ln >{e Chqè hfk wmkdfdk {ed

p`lyd ln mfxtmq}&[ed nljjlwmfg {wl jhtpdp wdqd hkkdk ?

%k- Qljd hfk `lfkt`{ ln {ed {edf @emdn Cmfmp{dq hfk,lq hf} l{edq

Cmfmp{dq%p- mf emp `ltf`mj ln Cmfmp{dqp* Yljm`d Lnnm`dqp* l{edq

mfkm~mkthjp hfk lqghfmzh{mlfp mf al{e {ed d~df{p qdndqqdk {l mf

`jhtpdp %h- hfk %a-2

%d- Qljd hfk `lfkt`{ ln {ed {edf @emdn Cmfmp{dq hfk,lq hf} l{edq

Cmfmp{dq%p- mf emp @ltf`mj ln Cmfmp{dqp* Yljm`d Lnnm`dqp %m- mf

kdhjmfg wm{e hf} yljm{m`hj lq flf#yljm{m`hj lqghfmzh{mlf wemè ch}

ad nltfk {l eh~d addf mf~lj~dk mf hf} ln {ed d~df{p qdndqqdk {l

edqdmfhal~d2 %mm- mf {ed ch{{dq ln yql~mkmfg yql{d`{mlf* qdjmdn hfk

qdehamjm{h{mlf {l {ed ~m`{mcp ln `lcctfhj qml{p %mmm-mf {ed ch{{dq lnqd`lccdfkh{mlfp hfk kmqd`{mlfp gm~df a} Fh{mlfhj Etchf Qmge{p

@lccmppmlf nqlc {mcd {l {mcd& A} {eh{ fl{mnm`h{mlf {ed

Gl~dqfcdf{ hjpl mf`jtkdk wm{emf {ed p`lyd ln mfxtmq} {ed mf`mkdf{p

ln ~mljdf`d {eh{ ehk {hbdf yjh`d {mjj 08#4#1991&

>& Tfnlq{tfh{dj}* adnlqd {ed @lccmppmlf `ltjk `lcyjd{d m{p mfxtmq}* Cq&

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nmjjdk ty a} {ed Gl~dqfcdf{* a} hyylmf{mfg Cq& Otp{m`d Hbpeh} E& Cde{h* h

qd{mqdk Otkgd ln {ed Emge @ltq{ ln Gtohqh{ a} h Fl{mnm`h{mlf kh{dk 4&;&1995& [ed

fl{mnm`h{mlfp kh{dk >#0#1991* 18#4#1991* 0#>#1991* 19#7#199; hfk 89&;&1995 hqd

hffdudk wm{e {emp qdylq{ hfk chqbdk `ljjd`{m~dj} hp Hffdutqd#8&


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ch{{dq ln {ed mfxtmq} qdjh{mfg {l {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ hfk Ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p {l

ntqfmpe {l {ed @lccmppmlf p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p a} 84#4#1991& Mf qdpylfpd {l {ed

phmk fl{mnm`h{mlf* a} 84&4&1991 {ed @lccmppmlf ehk qd`dm~dk ;;=4

p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p mf`jtkmfg 0>9 p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p qdjh{mfg {l {ed Glkeqh

mf`mkdf{& [ed @lccmppmlf ehk hjpl qd`dm~dk >9 hyyjm`h{mlfp a} {edf nlq du{dfpmlf

ln {mcd nmudk nlq nmjmfg p{h{dcdf{p& @lfpmkdqmfg {ed qdhplfp p{h{dk {edqdmf* {ed

@lccmppmlf ehk du{dfkdk {ed {mcd {mjj 08#4#1991& M{ whp hghmf du{dfkdk {mjj

89&>&1991& D~df {edqdhn{dq plcd hyyjm`h{mlfp wdqd qd`dm~dk nlq du{dfkmfg {ed {mcd

jmcm{& Mfp{dhk ln du{dfkmfg {ed {mcd* {elpd hyyjm`hf{p wdqd ydqcm{{dk {l nmjd {edmq

p{h{dcdf{p ad}lfk 89#>#1991 hp {edmq p{h{dcdf{p wdqd jmbdj} {l ad tpdntj nlq {ed

ytqylpd ln {ed mfxtmq}&

5& Ktqmfg {ed mfxtmq} yql`dkkmfgp* hk~l`h{d Peqm C&E&Kh}chbtchq

hyydhqdk lf adehjn ln Ohcmh{#Tjch#D#Emfk& Mfm{mhjj} hk~l`h{d Peqm O&C&Chjbhf

qdyqdpdf{dk {ed Gtohqh{ Yqhkdpe @lfgqdpp @lccm{{dd at{ jh{dq lf Hk~l`h{dp Peqm

C&Q&Ahql{* Peqm Emqhjhj Gty{h* Peqm Ohgqtypmfe G&Qhoyt{* Peqm H~kedpe C&Petbjh

hfk Peqm Kmfdpe A& Glq ehk hyydhqdk nlq m{& @df{qhj Qdjmdn @lccm{{dd*

Hecdkhahk* hf lqghfmph{mlf `lf`dqfdk wm{e mf{dqdp{p ln Ctpjmcp ln Hecdkhahk

whp qdyqdpdf{dk a} hk~l`h{dp Peqm P&E& Xtqdpem* Peqm F&M& Etpdfm* Peqm G&G&

Phm}hk hfk Cp& Phahfh Chfptqm& Hk~l`h{d Peqm Ctbtj Pmfeh hyydhqdk lf

adehjn ln h flf#gl~dqfcdf{hj lqghfmzh{mlf fhcdk Ohf Phfgehqpe Chf`e& Nlq {ed

P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{* hk~l`h{dp Peqm H&E&Yhfk}h* Peqm O&C&Yhf`ehj* Peqm Ptfm{

Pehe* Peqm [dec{hf P&Fhfh~h{m* Peqm Ehpctbe Y&Yhqdbe* Peqm Aehqh{ B&Kh~d*


10/196

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Peqm Ptqdpe G&[ehbtq hfk Peqm E&C& Keqt~ hyydhqdk h{ kmnndqdf{ p{hgdp& Peqm

Aehqgh~ Aeh{{* Peqm K&Q&[qm~dkm* Peqm Kddyhb @& Petbjh hfk Peqm P&Q& Yhfk}h

hyydhqdk nlq {ed ^mpe~h Emfkt Yhqmpehk&

=& [ed @lccmppmlf ehk nqhcdk Yql`dktqd Qtjdp hn{dq edhqmfg hjj {ed ydqplfp

wel whf{dk {l {hbd yhq{ mf {emp mfxtmq}& M{ whp chkd `jdhq {eh{ lfj} {ed yhq{mdp

ydqcm{{dk {l hyydhq wltjk ad hjjlwdk {l yt{ xtdp{mlfp mf {ed fh{tqd ln `qlpp

duhcmfh{mlf {l {ed wm{fdppdp wemè ch} ad duhcmfdk a} {ed @lccmppmlf& [emp

mfktjgdf`d whp gqhf{dk a} {ed @lccmppmlf hp m{ whp ln {ed lymfmlf {eh{ {edqda}

{ed @lccmppmlf wltjk ad hajd {l {dp{ ~dqh`m{} ln {ed d~mkdf`d ln {elpd wm{fdppdp&

Fl `ltfpdj nlq {ed @lccmppmlf `ltjk ad hyylmf{dk ad`htpd ln plcd kmnnm`tj{mdp&

[eh{ whp hjpl h qdhplf we} {ed phmk mfktjgdf`d whp gqhf{dk a} {ed @lccmppmlf {l

{ed yhq{mdp& M{ whp chkd `jdhq {eh{ l{edq yhq{mdp,ydqplfp wel wdqd fl{ pl

ydqcm{{dk* wltjk ad hjjlwdk {l ptggdp{ {l {ed @lccmppmlf {ed xtdp{mlfp wemè

{ed} wltjk jmbd {ed wm{fdppdp {l hfpwdq& [ed mfxtmq} whp `lfkt`{dk a} {ed

@lccmppmlf hp hf lydf ytajm` mfxtmq}& H``lqkmfgj} {ed ytajm` hfk cdkmh wdqd

hjpl ydqcm{{dk {l qdchmf yqdpdf{ h{ {ed {mcd ln edhqmfgp nmudk a} {ed @lccmppmlf&D~mkdf`d ln wm{fdppdp whp qd`lqkdk lydfj} du`dy{ lf lfd l``hpmlf wedf Cq&

Qhetj Pehqch whp hpbdk plcd xtdp{mlfp mf `hcdqh nlq hp`dq{hmfmfg `dq{hmf nh`{p&

[eh{ yhq{ ln emp d~mkdf`d whp hjpl chkd h~hmjhajd {l {ed yhq{mdp jh{dq lf&

89& P{qhfgdj}* {ed qhmjwh} hfk m{p p{hnn h{ Glkeqh kmk fl{ nmjd hf} p{h{dcdf{ lq

yqlkt`d hf} qd`lqk %lf {edmq lwf- wemè wltjk eh~d edjydk {ed @lccmppmlf mf

nmfkmfg lt{ elw {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ ehk h`{thjj} ehyydfdk* d~df {eltge {ed

mf`mkdf{ ehk ehyydfdk wm{emf {ed Glkeqh qhmjwh} }hqk* {edqd whp nmqd mf {ed {qhmf*

jhqgd ftcadq ln ydqplfp ehk jlp{ {edmq jm~dp* chf} l{edqp ehk qd`dm~dk mfotqmdp hfk

{ed qhmjwh} yljm`d whp qdxtmqdk {l qdplq{ {l nmqmfg {l yqd~df{ ntq{edq khchgd& [ed

@lccmppmlf ehk {l mpptd ptcclfp {l {ed `lf`dqfdk qhmjwh} cdf {l hyydhq adnlqd

{ed @lccmppmlf hfk gm~d d~mkdf`d& [ed @lccmppmlf whp hjpl qdxtmqdk {l mpptd

ptcclfp {l emgedq lnnm`dqp {l `lcydj {edc {l yqlkt`d `dq{hmf qdjd~hf{kl`tcdf{p&


11/196

7

88& Mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p mf Gtohqh{ hjclp{ hjj {ed Kmp{qm`{

@ljjd`{lqp hfk Ptydqmf{dfkdf{p ln Yljm`d eh~d nmjdk hnnmkh~m{p hfk ptyyjmdk

qdjd~hf{ mfnlqch{mlf& Plcd yljm`d lnnm`dqp mf `ehqgd ln yljm`d p{h{mlfp eh~d hjpl

nmjdk hnnmkh~m{p gm~mfg kd{hmjp halt{ {ed mf`mkdf{p wem`e ehk ehyydfdk wm{emf {edmq

otqmpkm`{mlfp [ed kl`tcdf{p yqlkt`dk a} {ed `m~mj hfk yljm`d lnnm`dqp mf`jtkd

N&M&Qp* Yljm`d p{h{dcdf{p* @ehqgd pedd{p d{`& [ed hnnmkh~m{p* mf{dq hjmh* `lf{hmf

kd{hmjp hp qdghqkp hkcmfmp{qh{m~d hfk yljm`d pd{ typ ln {ed kmp{qm`{p* yqd~df{m~d

p{dyp {hbdf a} {ed ht{elqm{mdp hfk l{edq qdjd~hf{ mfnlqch{mlf&

81& Ytqpthf{ {l {ed nmqp{ fl{mnm`h{mlf kh{dk 19#;#1991 mpptdk a} {ed

@lccmppmlf* ;;=4 p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p wdqd qd`dm~dk& Lt{ ln {edc 89=5

p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p wdqd nmjdk a} Gl~dqfcdf{ lnnm`dqp hfk 00=7 wdqd nmjdk a}

yqm~h{d yhq{mdp& Hp {ed {dqcp ln qdndqdf`d wdqd wmkdfdk* pd`lfk fl{mnm`h{mlf whp

mpptdk lf 4#5#199;& Mf qdpylfpd {l {ed phmk fl{mnm`h{mlf* {ed @lccmppmlf qd`dm~dk

;8=== p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p& Lt{ ln {edc* =18 p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p eh~d addf

nmjdk a} {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ lq m{p lnnm`dqp hfk ;8975 p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p eh~d addfnmjdk a} {ed cdcadqp ln {ed ytajm`& Clp{ ln {ed p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p nmjdk a}

yqm~h{d ydqplfp hqd chmfj} nlq yh}cdf{ ln `lcydfph{mlf hfk lfj} h ndw ln {edc

eh~d plcd{emfg {l ph} halt{ {ed ptaod`{ ch{{dq ln {ed pd`lfk fl{mnm`h{mlf& [etp mf

hjj* ;>*;=; p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p wdqd qd`dm~dk a} {ed @lccmppmlf& Lt{ ln {edc

198= wdqd p{h{dcdf{p,hnnmkh~m{p nmjdk a} {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ lnnm`dqp hfk ;;;;4

p{h{dcdf{p, hnnmkh~m{p wdqd qd`dm~dk nqlc {ed ytajm`&

80& Hp m{ whp ndj{ a} {ed @lccmppmlf {eh{ wm{fdppdp {l {ed mf`mkdf{ ch} fl{

`lcd nlqwhqk lf {edmq lwf {l gm~d d~mkdf`d adnlqd {ed @lccmppmlf* m{ whp

kd`mkdk {l `hjj {edc a} mpptmfg ptcclfp& [l chbd m{ clqd `lf~dfmdf{ {l lt{pmkd

wm{fdppdp {l gm~d d~mkdf`d* {ed @lccmppmlf ehk hjpl glfd {l clp{ ln {ed kmp{qm`{

edhkxthq{dqp hfk edjk edhqmfgp {edqd* hn{dq gm~mfg wmkd ytajm`m{} {l {ed kh{dp nmudk

nlq {eh{ ytqylpd&


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8;& [ed yql`ddkmfgp mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ hfk {ed ylp{ Glkeqh

mf`mkdf{p wdqd edjk pmctj{hfdltpj} hfk wm{fdppdp wdqd duhcmfdk hp hfk wedf

{ed} wdqd h~hmjhajd& [ed @lccmppmlf ehk mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh hfk ylp{

Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p qd`lqkdk d~mkdf`d ln 898> wm{fdppdp {mjj 11#89#1994& D~df

{edqdhn{dq plcd d~mkdf`d mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ whp `ljjd`{dk a}

duhcmfmfg lnnm`dqp ln {ed Nlqdfpm` P`mdf`d Jhalqh{lq}& Qd`lqkmfg ln d~mkdf`d

wm{e qdpyd`{ {l Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ ehk `lf{mftdk ty{l 1>#>#1997& [ed @lccmppmlf

ehk hjpl ~mpm{dk Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf hfk {ed yjh`d ln {ed mf`mkdf{& M{ ehk hjpl*

lf nltq l``hpmlfp* duhcmfdk `lhè P,>&[ed `lhè whp duhcmfdk mfm{mhjj} {l pdd m{p

`lfkm{mlf hfk {ed khchgd `htpdk {l m{& M{ whp {edqdhn{dq duhcmfdk mf {ed jmge{ ln

{ed d~mkdf`d `ljjd`{dk a} {ed @lccmppmlf& Nlq {emp ytqylpd {ed @lccmppmlf ehk

~mpm{dk Glkeqh lf 8#=#1991* 11#81#1990* 80#81#199; hfk 87#88#199>& [ed

@lccmppmlf ehk ~mpm{dk {ed yjh`d ln mf`mkdf{ hfk duhcmfdk `lhè P,> hghmf lf

85&4&1995 hp {ed @lccmppmlf ehp addf qd`lfp{m{t{dk ad`htpd ln {ed kdh{e ln Cq&

Otp{m`d B&G& Pehe&

84& M{ whp kd`mkdk {l qd`dm~d d~mkdf`d mf {ed nlqc ln p{h{dcdf{p lq hnnmkh~m{p

wm{e ptyylq{mfg kl`tcdf{p& Pl {ed `lf`dqfdk Gl~dqfcdf{ hfk yljm`d lnnm`dqp

eh~d nmjdk {edmq p{h{dcdf{p ptyylq{dk a} hnnmkh~m{p& NMQp* èhqgd pedd{p hjlfg wm{e

p{h{dcdf{p ln wm{fdppdp hfk l{edq kl`tcdf{p qd`lqkdk a} {ed Yljm`d ktqmfg

mf~dp{mgh{mlf ln {elpd `hpdp* mf`jtkmfg {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ eh~d hjpl addf nmjdk&

[wl yqm~h{d ydqplfp eh~d hjpl nmjdk {edmq hnnmkh~m{p wm{e qdpyd`{ {l {ed Glkeqh

mf`mkdf{& Nqlc hclfgp{ {ed ydqplfp* wel eh~d nmjdk hnnmkh~m{p plcd wdqd `hjjdk

nlq duhcmfh{mlf a} {ed @lccmppmlf& Hjclp{ hjj {ed emge lnnm`dqp wel eh~d nmjdk

p{h{dcdf{p wdqd `hjjdk nlq duhcmfh{mlf a} {ed @lccmppmlf& Nlq {ed Glkeqh

mf`mkdf{p {wl pdyhqh{d N&M&Qp& wdqd qdgmp{dqdk& Lfd whp mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed h{{h`b lf

{ed {qhmf hfk atqfmfg ln `lhè P,> hfk {ed l{edq whp mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed ptapdxtdf{

mf`mkdf{ wemè ehk ehyydfdk h{ halt{ 88&99 l`jl`b& Hp qdghqkp {ed chmf mf`mkdf{

ln atqfmfg ln `lhè P,>* {ed yljm`d ehp nmjdk 85 èhqgd pedd{p& [ed nmqp{ èhqgd


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=

pedd{ mp {ed chmf èhqgd pedd{ hfk l{edq èhqgd pedd{p hqd ptyyjdcdf{hq} èhqgd

pedd{p& [ed jhp{ ptyyjdcdf{hq} èhqgd pedd{ whp nmjdk lf 8=&0&1995& Nlq Glkeqh

mf`mkdf{ {ed @lccmppmlf ehp qd`lqkdk d~mkdf`d ln 71 wm{fdppdp& [ed {wl N&M&Q&p&

%NMQ&=,1991 hfk NMQ&89,1991- hqd hffdudk wm{e {emp qdylq{ hp Hffdutqd#MM&H jmp{

ln wm{fdppdp wel eh~d addf duhcmfdk a} {ed @lccmppmlf mp hffdudk wm{e {emp

qdylq{ hp Hffdutqd#MMM

8>& Ktqmfg {ed `ltqpd ln yql`ddkmfgp chf} hyyjm`h{mlfp dm{edq nlq yqlkt`{mlf

ln plcd d~mkdf`d lq laod`{mfg {l yqlkt`{mlf {edqdln lq nlq ptcclfmfg wm{fdppdp

wdqd qd`dm~dk a} {ed @lccmppmlf& Xtdp{mlf qdghqkmfg hkcmppmamjm{} ln plcd

d~mkdf`d whp hjpl qhmpdk hfk m{ whp kd`mkdk a} hf lqkdq& Plcd ln {elpd

hyyjm`h{mlfp wdqd mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ hfk l{edqp wdqd mf qdpyd`{ ln

{ed ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p& Wd eh~d qdndqqdk {l {edc lfj} {l mfkm`h{d {eh{ chf}

hyyjm`h{mlfp wdqd nmjdk nqlc {mcd {l {mcd& Hf hyyjm`h{mlf whp nmjdk a} Ohf

Phfgehqpe Chfè nlq h kmqd`{mlf {l {ed Yqdpmkdf{ ln Mfkmh hfk {l {ed @df{qhj

Gl~dqfcdf{ {l yqlkt`d `dq{hmf `lcctfm`h{mlfp qdjh{mfg {l qml{p mf Gtohqh{ pdf{ a}{ed Yqdpmkdf{ {l {ed Gl~dqfcdf{ ln Mfkmh ad{wddf 15&1&1991 hfk 08&0&1991& M{ whp

lyylpdk a} {ed Tfmlf Gl~dqfcdf{ a} `jhmcmfg yqm~mjdgd mf qdpyd`{ ln {elpd

kl`tcdf{p& Mf ~mdw ln {ed yjdh ln yqm~mjdgd qhmpdk a} {ed @df{qhj Gl~dqfcdf{ hfk

{ed Yqdpmkdf{ ln Mfkmh* {ed ch{dqmhj mf qdpyd`{ ln wemè yqm~mjdgd whp `jhmcdk ehp

fl{ addf yqlkt`dk adnlqd {ed @lccmppmlf hfk {edqdnlqd {ed @lccmppmlf kmk fl{

eh~d {ed lyylq{tfm{} {l duhcmfd {ed phcd&

87& Wemjd qd`lqkmfg {ed d~mkdf`d ln jl`hj qhmjwh} lnnm`dqp hfk qhmjwh}

yljm`dcdf m{ `hcd {l {ed fl{m`d ln {ed `lccmppmlf {eh{ plcd ln {elpd lnnm`dqp ehk

pdf{ qdylq{p qdghqkmfg {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ {l {edmq emgedq lnnm`dqp lf {ed phcd kh}

lq lf {ed fdu{ kh} m&d& lf 15#1#1991& Mfm{mhjj} {edqd whp qdjt`{hf`d lf {ed yhq{ ln

{ed emgedq qhmjwh} lnnm`dqp {l yqlkt`d {elpd kl`tcdf{p& [ed @lccmppmlf ehk {l

mpptd ptcclfp {l gd{ {edc yqlkt`dk& [edqdhn{dq plcd p{h{dcdf{p wdqd yqlkt`dk


14/196

89

hfk l{edqp wdqd fl{ yqlkt`dk lf {ed gqltfk {eh{ {ed} wdqd fl{ h~hmjhajd wm{e {ed

qhmjwh}p& M{ whp pl p{h{dk a} {ed Km~mpmlfhj Qhmjwh} Chfhgdq %Phnd{}-* Wdp{dqf

Qhmjwh}* ^hklkhqh a} emp jd{{dq kh{dk 7#8#199>&

85& [ed mfxtmq} mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ hfk ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p

whp `lfkt`{dk {lgd{edq {l dfhajd {ed @lccmppmlf {l gd{ hf l~dq hjj ~mdw hp

ptggdp{dk a} plcd yhq{mdp yhq{m`myh{mfg mf {emp mfxtmq} hfk {l h~lmk kdjh} wemè

`ltjk eh~d hqmpdf hp h qdptj{ ln chf} nh`{lqp mf`jtkmfg flf#h~hmjhamjm{} ln h

wm{fdpp lf h kh} nmudk nlq qd`lqkmfg emp d~mkdf`d& Chf} hyyjm`h{mlfp wdqd chkd

nqlc {mcd {l {mcd a} {ed yhq{mdp wm{e h qdxtdp{ {l `hjj nlq mfnlqch{mlf lq qd`lqkp

nqlc kmnndqdf{ pltq`dp& H ptacmppmlf whp hjpl chkd lf adehjn ln Ohf Phfgehqpe

Chfè {eh{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ peltjk fl{ ad `lfpmkdqdk mf mpljh{mlf yhq{m`tjhqj} mf

~mdw ln wmkdfmfg ln {ed {dqcp ln qdndqdf`d hfk mf`jtkmfg wm{emf {ed p`lyd ln

mfxtmq} {ed qljd hfk `lfkt`{ ln {ed Cmfmp{dqp* Yljm`d Lnnm`dqp* l{edq mfkm~mkthjp

hfk lqghfmzh{mlfp mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh hfk Ylp{#Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p& M{ whp hjpl

ptacm{{dk {eh{ m{ wltjk gm~d {ed @lccmppmlf h ad{{dq l~dq#hjj ~mdw qdghqkmfg {ed

Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ mn {ed ch{dqmhj qdjh{mfg {l {eh{ mf`mkdf{ mp `lfpmkdqdk hjlfg wm{e{ed d~mkdf`d mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p& M{ whp hjpl ptacm{{dk {eh{ {ed

@lccmppmlf peltjk `lfpmkdq {ed d~mkdf`d qdghqkmfg {djdyelfd `hjjp chkd nqlc

Glkeqh {l l{edq yjh`dp lf hfk adnlqd 17&1&1991* hp `lf{hmfdk mf {ed @&K&

yqlkt`dk a} {ed Ohf Phfgehqpe Chfè* {l pdd weh{ whp {ed qljd ln Clecchk

Etpphmf Bhjl{h& Hp jh{d hp lf ;#;#1997 hf hyyjm`h{mlf whp chkd nlq qd`hjjmfg hf

lnnm`dq ln {ed Nlqdfpm` P`mdf`d Jhalqh{lq}& Gqhf{mfg {ed qdxtdp{ Cq& K&A&[hjh{m

whp `hjjdk nlq gm~mfg d~mkdf`d lf 19#>#1997 hfk 1>#>#1997& Nlq {edpd qdhplfp*

{ed qdylq{ qdghqkmfg Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ ehp fl{ addf ptacm{{dk dhqjmdq& Wd eh~d flw

`lcyjd{dk {ed p`qt{mf} ln {ed ch{dqmhj mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p&

D~df hn{dq `lfpmkdqh{mlf {edqdln* wd kl fl{ nmfk hf}{emfg {edqdmf dp{hajmpemfg hf}

`lffd`{mlf ad{wddf {edc hfk atqfmfg ln `lhè P,> ln Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf h{

Glkeqh* hfk {edqdnlqd* wd eh~d {eltge{ m{ nm{ {l ptacm{ ltq qdylq{ mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed

Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ flw* wm{elt{ whm{mfg nlq `lcyjd{mlf ln {ed qdylq{ qdghqkmfg {edYlp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p&


15/196

88

8=& [ed yhq{mdp wdqd ydqcm{{dk {l mfpyd`{ {ed qd`lqk hfk la{hmf `lymdp {edqdln&

Hn{dq qd`lqkmfg ln hjj {ed d~mkdf`d a} {ed @lccmppmlf mf`jtkmfg {ed d~mkdf`d

qdjh{mfg {l {ed Ylp{ Glkeqh mf`mkdf{p* {ed yhq{mdp wdqd gm~df hf lyylq{tfm{} ln

chbmfg lqhj ptacmppmlfp& [ed} eh~d klfd pl wm{e qdpyd`{ {l {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{&

Peqm Ptfm{ Pehe* hk~l`h{d hyydhqmfg nlq {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{ hfk Peqm

K&G&Petbjh* hk~l`h{d hyydhqmfg nlq ÊY wdqd edhqk lf ;&81&199>& Lf 4&81&199>

hfk 8>&81&199> Peqm Ctbtj Pmfeh* hk~l`h{d hyydhqmfg nlq Ohf Phfgehqpe Chfè

whp edhqk& Hp {ed yhq{mdp whf{dk {l chbd plcd ntq{edq ptacmppmlfp* {ed `ltfpdj

nlq {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{ whp edhqk lf 1&1&1997* 0&1&1997* =&1&1997 hfk

11&1&1997& Lf 11&1&1997 hk~l`h{d nlq ÊY Peqm Petbjh hfk hk~l`h{d Peqm Qhoyt{

nlq G&Y&@&@& wdqd edhqk& Peqm Ctbtj Pmfeh* hk~l`h{d hyydhqmfg nlq Ohf Phfgehqpe

Chfè chkd lqhj ptacmppmlfp lf 10&1&1997& Dhqjmdq lf 1&1&1997 wqm{{df

ptacmppmlfp wdqd nmjdk a} {ed @df{qhj Qdjmdn @lccm{{dd %Due&4=;=-& Lf

11&1&1997 Peqm Ctbtj Pmfeh ehk ptacm{{dk emp wqm{{df hqgtcdf{p %due& 4=48-& Lf

{eh{ kh} Peqm Petbjh hyydhqmfg nlq ÊY hjpl ptacm{{dk emp wqm{{df hqgtcdf{p

%Due&4=41-& Lf ;&;&1997 hk~l`h{d hyydhqmfg nlq {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{ hfk OhfPhfgehqpe Chfè ptacm{{dk {edmq ntq{edq wqm{{df hqgtcdf{p %Duep& 4=47 hfk

4=45-& Lf 09&5&1997 {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{ `lcyjd{dk {edmq wqm{{df ptacmppmlfp

a} gm~mfg lfd ntq{edq atfè ln yhydqp&Hp p{h{dk a} {ed @lccmppmlf dhqjmdq hf

duydq{ nqlc Nlqdfpm` P`mdf`d Jhalqh{lq} whp duhcmfdk lf `dq{hmf ylmf{p lf

19&>&1997 hfk 1>&>&1997& Lqhj ptacmppmlfp wm{e qdpyd`{ {l {ed d~mkdf`d ln {emp

wm{fdpp wdqd edhqk lf {eh{ kh}& [ed edhqmfg ln {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ whp {etp

`lf`jtkdk lf {eh{ kh} hp flalk} ehk hf}{emfg ntq{edq {l ph} wm{e qdpyd`{ {l {eh{

mf`mkdf{&


16/196

81

@EHY[DQ MMM

YLMF[P NLQ @LFPMKDQH[MLF

19& Mf {emp èhyd{dq {ed {lylgqhye} ln {ed Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf hfk {ed

ylmf{p wemè hqmpd nlq `lfpmkdqh{mlf hqd p{h{dk& [ed fdu{ èhyd{dq kdhjp wm{e {ed

d~mkdf`d* m{p p`qt{mf} hfk `lf{hmfp nmfkmfgp qd`lqkdk lf {ed ahpmp {edqdln&

18& M{ mp h ch{{dq ln nhm{e hfk adjmdn hclfgp{ {ed Emfktp {eh{ Jlqk Qhc whp

alqf h{ H}lke}h mf T{{hq Yqhkdpe& Dhqjmdq {edqd whp h {dcyjd ln Jlqk Qhc h{ {ed

yjh`d ln emp amq{e& M{ whp kdp{ql}dk a} Ctpjmc mf~hkdqp hfk mf {ed }dhq 8415 h

chpomk whp atmj{ tylf m{& M{ whp fhcdk hp Ahahqm Chpomk& [ed mklj ln Jlqk Qhch

hfk l{edq mkljp ehk elwd~dq qdchmfdk mf {ed ~m`mfm{} ln {eh{ yjh`d hfk d~dq} kh}

Pd~h Ytoh ln Jlqk Qhc whp ydqnlqcdk& H kmpyt{d ad{wddf Emfktp hfk Ctpjmcp

wm{e qdpyd`{ {l {eh{ yjh`d ehp addf glmfg lf pmf`d jlfg hfk m{ mp adjmd~dk {eh{ h{ {ed

mfp{hf`d ln hggqdppm~d Emfkt qdjmgmltp lqghfmzh{mlfp hfk yljm{m`hj yhq{mdp* hfh{{dcy{ whp chkd lf >&81&8==1 {l kdcljmpe {ed Ahaqm Chpomk& Nddjmgp ln chf}

Ctpjmcp wdqd etq{ ad`htpd ln kdcljm{mlf ln {ed Ahahqm chpomk hfk {eh{ nh`{lq ehp

lf chf} l``hpmlfp jdk {l `lcctfhj kmp{tqahf`dp lq {dfpmlfp& Wd eh~d qdndqqdk {l

{edpd nh`{p hp m{ mp {ed `hpd ln {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{ {eh{ atqfmfg ln Phahqch{m

Duyqdpp {qhmf whp h yhq{ ln {ed jhqgdq `lfpymqh`} eh{èdk a} plcd qdjmgmltp

ntfkhcdf{hjmp{p h{ Glkeqh wm{e plcd {dqqlqmp{ lqghfmzh{mlfp ln Ohcct hfk

Bhpecmq* ad`htpd ln plcd qdhplfp mf`jtkmfg kdcljm{mlf ln {ed Ahaqm Chpomk&

11 Glkeqh {lwf mp h `lcctfhjj} ~dq} pdfpm{m~d yjh`d& M{ mp {ed kmp{qm`{ edhk

xthq{dq ln {ed Yhfèchehjp Kmp{qm`{& Peqm Qhot Aehqgh~ %W#5>- wel whp h{ {ed

qdjd~hf{ {mcd Ptydqmf{dfkdf{ ln Yljm`d* ln {eh{ kmp{qm`{ mf emp hnnmkh~m{ %Due&57-

kh{dk 8&7&1991* ehp gm~df emp{lq} ln `lcctfhj qml{p wemè ehk {hbdf yjh`d mf

Glkeqh mf {ed yhp{& [edqd mp emge ydq`df{hgd ln Ctpjmc ylytjh{mlf h{ ~hqmltp


17/196

80

yjh`dp mf {ed kmp{qm`{& @lcctfhj qml{p ehk {hbdf yjh`d mf Glkeqh mf {ed }dhqp 8=14*

8=15* 8=;>* 8=;5* 8=49* 8=40* 8=59* 8=58* 8=54* 8=5>* 8=55* 8=5=* 8==9* 8==8

hfk 8==1& [ed `lcctfhj qml{ wemè ehk {hbdf yjh`d mf {ed }dhq 8=;5 whp ~dq}

pdqmltp& Mfm{mhjj} {ed Ctpjmcp ehk atqf{ 5>= eltpdp ln Emfktp&[edqdhn{dq {ed

Emfktp ehk atqf{ 0978 eltpdp ln Ctpjmcp& Halt{ 88999 Gehfèm Ctpjmcp

%Ctpjmcp adjlfgmfg {l Gehfèm `hp{d- ehk jdn{ Glkeqh& Plcd ln {edc ehk

cmgqh{dk {l Yhbmp{hf&

10& Cl~dcdf{ nlq qdfl~h{mlf ln {ed Qhc {dcyjd h{ H}lke}h whp p{hq{dk mf

8==0& H Phfphk ln Emfkt qdjmgmltp lqghfmzh{mlfp ehk cd{ h{ Yqh}hg mf Ohfthq}*

1998 {l nmu h yqlgqhccd nlq Qhc [dcyjd Fmqchf m&d& `lfp{qt`{mlf ln Qhc

{dcyjd h{ H}lke}h& [ed yqlgqhccd ehk p{hq{dk wm{e Ohjhaempedb hfk whp

nljjlwdk a} Ohy ]hgfh& Hp kmp`jlpdk a} {ed p{h{dcdf{ ln ^mpe~h Emfkt

Yhqmpehk* jh`p ln ydqplfp {eqltge#lt{ {ed `ltf{q} ehk yhq{m`myh{dk mf {ed Ohy

]hgfh& Lf `lcyjd{mlf {edqdln Ytqfhet{m Cheh ]hgfh whp hqqhfgdk h{

H}lke}h& M{ whp {l p{hq{ lf 1;&1&1991& ^mpe~h Emfkt Yhqmpehk mp h jdhkmfg Emfktqdjmgmltp lqghfmzh{mlf hfk ehk yjh}dk h yqlcmfdf{ qljd mf {emp yqlgqhccd& M{ ehk

kd`mkdk {eh{ m{p cdcadqp wel ehk {hbdf yhq{ mf {ed Ohy ]hgfh wltjk gl {l

H}lke}h nlq {ed Ytqfhet{m Cheh ]hgfh& M{ ehk hjpl kd`mkdk {eh{ nqlc Gtohqh{

mfm{mhjj} {eqdd ah{èdp ln Qhcpd~hbp* dhè `lfpmp{mfg ln halt{ 1999 ydqplfp*

wltjk gl {l H}lke}h nlq {hbmfg yhq{ mf {eh{ ]hgfh wemè whp {l gl lf nlq 899

kh}p& [ed nmqp{ ah{è ln Qhcpd~hbp whp {l `lfpmp{ ln 1999 ydqplfp nqlc {ed

`df{qhj hfk flq{e Gtohqh{ hqdh& M{ whp {l jdh~d Hecdkhahk a} Phahqch{m Duyqdpp

{qhmf lf 11&1&1991 hfk qd{tqf {l Gtohqh{ hghmf a} {ed phcd {qhmf jdh~mfg H}lke}h

lf 14&1&1991& [ed pd`lfk ah{è whp {l `lfpmp{ ln Qhcpd~hbp ln plt{e Gtohqh{ hfk

m{ whp {l jdh~d lf 1;&1&1991 hfk qd{tqf lf 17&1&1991&[ed {emqk ah{è ln

Qhcpd~hbp ln Phtqhpe{qh hqdh whp {l jdh~d lf 1>&1&1991 hfk qd{tqf lf 0&0&1991&

H``lqkmfgj} {ed nmqp{ ah{è ln 1199 Qhcpd~hbp* jdk a} m{p Gdfdqhj Pd`qd{hq}* ehk

jdn{ Gtohqh{ lf 10&1&1991&[ed} ehk p{hq{dk {edmq qd{tqf oltqfd} lf 14&1&1991&


18/196

8;

1;& Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf mp h kmqd`{ hfk `lf~dfmdf{ {qhmf nlq ydqplfp glmfg

nqlc Gtohqh{ {l T{{hq Yqhkdpe& M{ jdh~dp nqlc Hecdkhahk nlq glmfg {l m{p

kdp{mfh{mlfp mf T{{hq Yqhkdpe& Lf m{p oltqfd} nqlc T{{hq Yqhkdpe {l Gtohqh{* m{ %hp

=8>> Ty- p{hq{p nqlc Ctzhnnhqytq lf Clfkh}p* Wdkfdpkh}p hfk Ph{tqkh}p& Lf

[tdpkh}p* Nqmkh}p hfk Ptfkh}p m{ %hp =8>5 Ty- p{hq{p nqlc ^hqhfhpm hfk lf

[etqpkh} m{ % hp =8>; Ty- p{hq{p nqlc Nhmzhahk & Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf wemè

ehk qdhèdk Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf lf {ed clqfmfg ln 17&1&1991 ehk p{hq{dk nqlc

Ctzhnnhqytq lf 14&1&1991& H``lqkmfg {l {ed pèdktjdk {mcd m{ peltjk eh~d

qdhèdk Khelk* {ed nmqp{ p{h{mlf mf Gtohqh{* lf 1>&1&1991 h{ 10#0; eqp& hfk Glkeqh

lf 17&1&1991 h{ 1#44 eqp& M{ whp qtffmfg jh{d a} halt{ 4 eltqp hfk pl m{ ehk

hqqm~dk h{ Glkeqh h{ 7#;0 eqp& [ed {qhmf `lfpmp{dk ln 85 `lhèdp& 89 `lhèdp wdqd

pjddydq `lhèdp* > `lhèdp wdqd ln gdfdqhj {}yd hfk {ed qdchmfmfg 1 `lhèdp wdqd

PJQ `lhèdp wemè `hqq} gllkp* yhppdfgdqp hfk {ed gthqk& M{ ehk {wl dfgmfdp&

[ed ylpm{mlf ln {wl dfgmfdp hfk {ed `lhèdp ln {ed {qhmf lf {eh{ kh} whp hp pelwf

mf {ed nljjlwmfg pbd{è?

14& [ed {qhmf whp edh~mj} l~dq `qlwkdk& Hyhq{ nqlc l{edq yhppdfgdqp* {edqd

wdqd halt{ 1199 Qhcpd~hbp {qh~djjmfg {edqdmf& Clp{ ln {edc ehk fl qdpdq~dk

h``lcclkh{mlf& Hp {ed} wdqd mf jhqgd ftcadq* {ed} ehk ad`lcd aljk hfk

df{dqdk mf{l pjddydq `lhèdp hjpl hfk l``tymdk adq{ep nlq wemè l{edq yhppdfgdqp

ehk qdpdq~h{mlfp& Hjj `lhèdp ln {ed {qhmf wdqd pl ctè l~dq `qlwkdk {eh{ {ed

{m`bd{ èd`bdqp `ltjk fl{ df{dq {ed `lhèdp hfk èd`b {m`bd{p ln {ed yhppdfgdqp&


19/196

84

@lhè P,> whp hjpl edh~mj} l~dq#`qlwkdk& [ed yhppdfgdqp ehk {l pm{ lf {ed njllq

mf ad{wddf {ed pdh{p* mf {ed yhpphgd hfk fdhq {ed jh{qmfdp& [ed nljjlwmfg pbd{è

pelwp {ed hqqhfgdcdf{p ln pdh{p d{`& mf {eh{ `lhè?#


20/196


21/196

87

17& M{ `hf ad pddf nqlc {ed chy {eh{ Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf mp nh`mfg plt{e&

[ed yjh{nlqcp hqd lf {ed flq{edqf pmkd ln {ed p{h{mlf& Qh{jhc mp pelwf lf {ed dhp{

hfk ^hklkhqh mp pelwf lf {ed wdp{& [edqd mp hf lnnm`d ajl`b lf yjh{nlqc fl&8& Lf

{ed dhp{dqf pmkd m{ dfkp wm{e QYN lnnm`d hfk lf {ed wdp{ m{ dfkp wm{e {ed Yhq`dj

Lnnm`d& Jdh~mfg plcd yjh`d lf {ed wdp{ {edqd hqd {eqdd l{edq lnnm`dp* fhcdj}*

WYCP lnnm`d* @YW lnnm`d hfk @Q@@ lnnm`d& Yhq{ ln {ed yjh{nlqc ad{wddf Yhq`dj

lnnm`d hfk {ed lnnm`d ln {ed P{h{mlf Ptydqmf{dfkdf{ mp `l~dqdk wm{e h qlln& Qdp{ ln

{ed yjh{nlqc mp lydf& [edqdhn{dq {ed weljd hqdh mp lydf ty{l H `hamf hfk mp h yhq{

ln {ed qhmjwh} }hqk& [edqd mp plcd lydf pyh`d wm{e h altfkhq} whjj ademfk {ed

lnnm`d ajl`b& Hn{dq {ed altfkhq} whjj {edqd mp h qlhk hfk mccdkmh{dj} {edqdhn{dq

{edqd mp h jl`hjm{} bflwf hp Pmgfhj Nhjmh& M{ du{dfkp ty{l {ed `tj~dq{ hfk gldp

ntq{edq {lwhqkp H `hamf& M{ mp h jl`hjm{} chmfj} mfeham{dk a} Gehf`em Ctpjmcp&

[ed chy hjpl pelwp {ed ylpm{mlf ln Hchf Gtdp{ eltpd* CMP Chpomk* `tj~dq{ hfk

H `hamf& [ed `jlpdk {dh p{hjj* jh{qmfd ajl`b* wh{dq et{ hfk {ed allb p{hjj pm{th{dk

lf {ed yjh{nlqc fl& 8 hqd hjpl pelwf mf {ed chy&

15& [ed nljjlwmfg ym`{tqdp hjpl gm~d h gdfdqhj ~mdw ln {ed Glkeqh qhmjwh}

p{h{mlf hfk {ed ptqqltfkmfg hqdh& [ed nqlf{ pmkd ln {ed p{h{mlf* {ed yjh{nlqc* pchjj

lydf gqltfk ademfk {ed qhmjwh} lnnm`d hfk Pmgfhj Nhjmh hqd `jdhqj} ~mpmajd

{edqdnqlc&


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25/196

18

1=& [l{hj jdfg{e ln yjh{nlqc Fl& 8 mp 8>59 ndd{& Jdfg{e ln {ed yjh{nlqc `l~dqdk

wm{e h qlln mp halt{ 449 ndd{ hfk {edqdhn{dq jdfg{e ln {ed lydf yjh{nlqc mp halt{

8809 ndd{&[ed kmp{hf`d ad{wddf {ed qhmjwh} p{h{mlf hfk H `hamf mp halt{ 51>

c{qp& m&d& 1;475 ndd{& Hp kmp`jlpdk a} {ed d~mkdf`d lf qd`lqk* {ed jhp{ `lhè ln {ed

{qhmf whp plcdwedqd lyylpm{d {ed Ptydqmf{dfkdf{p&Lnnm`d& @lhè P,> whp

lyylpm{d {ed df{qhf`d hfk {ed allbmfg lnnm`d hfk mf ad{wddf {edqd wdqd adfèdp

nlq yhppdfgdqp {l pm{& @lhè P,8 whp lyylpm{d {ed `jlpdk {dh p{hjj& Lfd gdfdqhj

`lhè hfk {ed nqlf{ PJQ `lhè wdqd lf {ed lydf yhq{ ln {ed yjh{nlqc& @lhè P,0

whp lyylpm{d {ed jh{qmfdp& @lhè P,1 whp lyylpm{d {ed Yhq`dj lnnm`d hfk QCP

lnnm`d&

09& Wedf Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk h{ Glkeqh* K}& P{h{mlf

Ptydqmf{dfkdf{ ]tptnhjm Phm}hk hfk Hppmp{hf{ P{h{mlf Chp{dq Qhodfkqhyqhphk

Cddfh wdqd lf kt{} hfk wdqd pm{{mfg mf {edmq lnnm`dp& H{ H `hamf* Hppmp{hf{

P{h{mlf Chp{dq Ehqmclehf Cddfh hfk HPC Hbemjbtchq Pehqch wdqd lf kt{}&

Oh}pmfe Beh{moh mf#èhqgd P{h{mlf Ptydqmf{dfkdf{ ehk `lcd {l {ed P{h{mlf h{ 7&;5

h&c& wedf Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk otp{ p{hq{dk m{p lfwhqk oltqfd}& HPM

Ghjhaehm %W#11- whp {ed Y&P&L& mf èhqgd ln {ed Qhmjwh} Yljm`d P{hmlf& [edqd

wdqd halt{ 89 Yljm`d @lfp{hajdp ln GQY hfk 1 Yljm`d @lfp{hajdp ln QYN h{ lq


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11

fdhq Yjh{nlqc Fl&8 lf wemè {ed Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf whp p{hfkmfg& [ed

d~mkdf`d hjpl pelwp {eh{ h{ Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf* chf} tfht{elqmpdk ~dfklqp

`lcd lf {ed yjh{nlqcp {l pdjj dh{hajdp* amkkmp* `ljk kqmfbp d{`& hfk clp{ ln {edc

hqd Gehfèm Ctpjmcp&

08& Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk h{ Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf h{ 7&;0 h&c&

M{p pèdktjdk ehj{ h{ Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf whp ln 4 cmft{dp& Ktqmfg {eh{ ehj{ ln 4

cmft{dp plcd mf`mkdf{p hqd p{h{dk {l eh~d ehyydfdk& [ed Qhcpd~hbp ehk h xtqqdj

wm{e Pmkkmx Ahbhq* h {dh ~dfklq& Ed whp gm~df {wl p{m`b ajlwp& Plcd l{edq

Qhcpd~hbp ehk adh{df lfd Pmqho hfk hjpl Clecdk Jh{mbh& [ed nltq{e mf`mkdf{

p{h{dk {l eh~d ehyydfdk whp hf h{{dcy{ {l hakt`{ Plnm}hahft h Ctpjmc gmqj

p{hfkmfg lf {ed yjh{nlqc a} h Qhcpd~hb a} ytjjmfg edq {lwhqkp {ed {qhmf& Ktqmfg

{eh{ ehj{ h{ {ed P{h{mlf* {edqd whp ydj{mfg ln p{lfdp lf {ed nqlf{ pmkd ln {ed {qhmf* a}

{ed ydqplfp p{hfkmfg lt{pmkd {ed p{h{mlf& Plcd yhppdfgdqp p{hfkmfg lf {ed yjh{nlqc

ehk hjpl {eqlwf p{lfdp {lwhqkp {elpd ydqplfp& [wl yljm`d `lfp{hajdp ehk chkd

{ed yhppdfgdqp pm{ mf {ed {qhmf hfk kmpydqpd {ed lt{pmkdq&

01& Hn{dq {ed pèdktjdk p{ly ln 4 cmft{dp Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf p{hq{dk m{p

lfwhqk oltqfd} h{ 7&;5 h&c& H{ {emp p{hgd m{ mp ptnnm`mdf{ {l cdf{mlf {eh{ {edqd mp

plcd kmp`qdyhf`} mf {ed d~mkdf`d lf {emp ylmf{& [ed kmnndqdf`d mf {mcd mp ln 1#0

cmft{dp& Pllf hn{dq {ed {qhmf ehk p{hq{dk {ed hjhqc èhmf whp ytjjdk hfk {ed {qhmf

ehk p{lyydk hn{dq `l~dqmfg kmp{hf`d ln halt{ >9#79 cd{dqp& D~df hn{dq {ed èhmf

ytjjmfg {ed {qhmf ehk qdchmfdk lf {ed yjh{nlqc& We} hfk nqlc wemè `lhèdp

èhmf whp ytjjdk mp h ch{{dq ln kmpyt{d& [ed d~mkdf`d mfkm`h{dp {eh{ m{ whp ytjjdk

nqlc `lhèdp adhqmfg Flp&50898* 40;0* =81>0 hfk 55105& [ed l{edq ~dqpmlf

ptggdp{dk nlq ltq `lfpmkdqh{mlf mp {eh{ èhmf whp ytjjdk nqlc `lhè Fl&=9105 lq

plcd l{edq `lhè hjpl& [ed @lccmppmlf mp hjpl qdxtmqdk {l `lfpmkdq {wl qm~hj

~dqpmlfp qdghqkmfg {ed qdhplf we} {ed èhmf whp ytjjdk& H``lqkmfg {l lfd

~dqpmlf* plcd yhppdfgdqp wdqd jdn{ ademfk lf {ed yjh{nlqc wedf {ed {qhmf ehk


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14

nlq yql{d`{mfg {edmq ydqplfp& H``lqkmfg {l {ed yhppdfgdqp* atqfmfg qhgp hfk jmxtmk

{eqlwf mfpmkd {ed `lhè ehk `htpdk jl{ ln pclbd hfk p{hq{dk atqfmfg pdh{p hfk

l{edq {emfgp mfpmkd {ed `lhè& [eh{ ehk `htpdk pl ctè pclbd mf {ed `lhè {eh{

{ed yhppdfgdqp wdqd fl{ hajd {l pdd `jdhqj}& M{ ehk hjpl `htpdk aqdh{emfg yqlajdc&

Hp plcd yhppdfgdqp ehk qhmpdk pelt{p {eh{ {edqd whp nmqd mf {ed `lhè* {edqd whp h

qtpe nlq gd{{mfg lt{ ln {ed `lhè& Ad`htpd ln {ed yqdpdf`d ln elp{mjd hfk h{{h`bmfg

cla lf {ed Pmgfhj Nhjmh pmkd* {ed yhppdfgdqp ehk fl èlm`d at{ {l gd{ lt{ lf {ed

}hqk pmkd lfj}& M{ ehk ad`lcd kmnnm`tj{ {l jl`h{d {ed kllqp& [edqdnlqd* ahqp ln plcd

wmfklwp lf {ed }hqk pmkd wdqd nlq`maj} qdcl~dk hfk plcd yhppdfgdqp ehk glfd

lt{ {eqltge {elpd wmfklwp& [ed P{h{dp ~dqpmlf mp {eh{ h{ halt{ {eh{ {mcd plcd ln

{ed `lfpymqh{lqp ehk `t{ {ed ~dp{matjd ad{wddf `lhè P,> hfk `lhè P,7 hfk hjpl

nlq`maj} lydfdk {ed kllq `lffd`{mfg P,> m{ wm{e `lhè P,7& P{hfkmfg fdhq {ed

jh{qmfdp plcd ydqplfp wel ehk df{dqdk {ed `lhè wm{e `hqal}p `lf{hmfmfg yd{qlj

ehk {eqlwf {edc mfpmkd {ed `lhè& Plcd `lfpymqh{lqp ehk hjpl df{dqdk {ed `lhè

{eqltge m{p kllq lf {ed pltq{edqf pmkd wemè whp lydfdk a} `lfpymqh{lqp wel ehk

df{dqdk {ed `lhè {eqltge {ed `lffd`{mfg kllq& [ed} ehk {eqlwf yd{qlj nmjjdk`hqal}p mfpmkd {ed `lhè& [edqdhn{dq {edqd whp h amg nmqd mf {ed `lhè hfk m{ ehk

pyqdhk ~dq} qhymkj} jdh~mfg fl {mcd nlq {ed yhppdfgdqp {l dp`hyd& M{ `htpdk {ed

kdh{e ln 4= ydqplfp hfk mfotq} {l chf} l{edqp& Mfnlqch{mlf whp gm~df {l {ed

`lf`dqfdk lnnm`dqp mccdkmh{dj} halt{ weh{ whp ehyydfmfg hfk hp h qdptj{ {edqdln

{ed qdxtmqdk yljm`d nlq`d hfk nmqd aqmghkd ehk qdhèdk {ed yjh`d ln mf`mkdf{ wm{emf

h pelq{ {mcd& [ed emgedq lnnm`dqp ehk hjpl qtpedk {l {eh{ yjh`d& [ed yljm`d ehk {l

tpd nlq`d hfk qdplq{ {l nmqmfg {l aqmfg {ed pm{th{mlf tfkdq `lf{qlj& [edqd whp hghmf

hf h{{h`b lf {ed {qhmf* yljm`d hfk {ed yhppdfgdqp a} {ed clap h{ halt{ 88&99

l`jl`b& H{ {eh{ {mcd hjpl {ed yljm`d ehk {l tpd nlq`d {l kmpydqpd {ed clap& [ed

atqf{ `lhè P,> hfk {ed hkolmfmfg `lhè P,7 wdqd pdyhqh{dk a} halt{ 88&09 h&c&

hn{dq {hbmfg {edc hwh} {l h kmnndqdf{ yjh`d mf {ed }hqk& [ed {qhmf whp {edf

qdhppdcajdk& M{ jdn{ Glkeqh h{ 81&;9 y&c&


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0> [ed mcyh`{ ln {ed mf`mkdf{ whp pl ct`e hfk wmkd pyqdhk {eh{ m{ ehk jdk {l

`lcctfhj qml{p mf Glkeqh mccdkmh{dj} hfk {eqltgelt{ Gtohqh{ wm{emf h pelq{

{mcd& [ed} ehk `lf{mftdk h{ plcd yjh`dp nlq h jlfg {mcd&


31/196

17

@EHY[DQ#M^

D^MKDF@D HFK NMFKMFGP

07& [ed @lccmppmlf duhcmfdk 71 wm{fdppdp mf m{p dnnlq{ {l `ljjd`{ qdjmhajd

d~mkdf`d hfk nmfk lt{ elw {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ ehk ehyydfdk& [ed} eh~d gm~df

d~mkdf`d lf lh{e& Clp{ ln {edc eh~d kdylpdk halt{ weh{ {ed} ehk pddf hfk weh{

whp edhqk a} {edc& [etp* clp{ ln {ed d~mkdf`d mp mf {ed fh{tqd ln kmqd`{ d~mkdf`d&

Wm{fdppdp nqlc {ed qhmjwh} eh~d ntq{edq p{h{dk weh{ whp klfd a} {edc& [ed l{edq

pd{ ln d~mkdf`d `lfpmp{p ln p{h{dcdf{p hfk kl`tcdf{p hfk mp `lqqlalqh{m~d mf

fh{tqd& [ed kmqd`{ d~mkdf`d `lfpmp{p chmfj} ln {ed yhppdfgdqp ln {eh{ {qhmf hfk {ed

qhmjwh} p{hnn mf`jtkmfg m{p yljm`d nlq`d& Df{qmdp chkd mf {ed qd`lqkp* qdylq{p chkd

a} {ed qhmjwh} p{hnn {l {edmq emgedq ht{elqm{mdp hfk d~mkdf`d ln duydq{p nqlc {ed

Nlqdfpm` P`mdf`d Jhalqh{lq} hqd {ed chmf ymd`dp ln `lqqlalqh{m~d d~mkdf`d&

05& La~mltpj} {ed chmf xtdp{mlf {eh{ hqmpdp nlq `lfpmkdqh{mlf a} {emp@lccmppmlf mp? Weh{ whp {ed `htpd ln {ed nmqd< Elwd~dq* mf ~mdw ln {ed ylmf{p ln

`lf{ql~dqpmdp qhmpdk adnlqd {ed @lccmppmlf* m{ ehp ad`lcd qdjd~hf{ hfk tpdntj {l

`lfpmkdq `dq{hmf l{edq hpyd`{p hjpl* mf`jtkmfg weh{ whp {ed mfm{mhj ~dqpmlf&

H``lqkmfg {l {ed yhppdfgdqp* {ed `lhè whp pd{ lf nmqd a} {ed Ctpjmc clap wemè

ehk h{{h`bdk {ed {qhmf& [ed ~dqpmlf ln {ed gthqk hfk qhmjwh} lnnm`dqp ln Glkeqh

whp {eh{ `lhè P,> whp pd{ lf nmqd& [ed yljm`dcdf adjlfgmfg {l GQY hfk QYN hfk

hjj {elpd ydqplfp wel ehk qtpedk {l {ed yjh`d ln mf`mkdf{ wdqd {ljk {eh{ {ed `lhè

whp pd{ lf nmqd& [ed mfnlqch{mlf wemè {ed qdylq{dqp ln {ed yqmf{ cdkmh hfk

djd`{qlfm` cdkmh ehk gh{edqdk whp {eh{ {ed Ctpjmc cmp`qdhf{p ehk nmqp{ h{{h`bdk

{ed {qhmf wm{e p{lfdp hfk aqlbdf {ed wmfklwp ln `lhè P,> hfk {edqdhn{dq atqfmfg

qhgp hfk yd{qlj wdqd {eqlwf mfpmkd {ed `lhè hfk {eh{ ehk pd{ {ed `lhè lf nmqd&

[ed qdjd~hf{ yhq{p ln {ed fdwp ytajmpedk lf nqlf{ yhgdp ln {ed jdhkmfg fdwpyhydqp

lf {ed fdu{ kh} hn{dq {ed mf`mkdf{ hqd qdyqlkt`dk adjlw ?#


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09


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0;

0=& [ed @lccmppmlf kmk fl{ nddj m{ fd`dpphq} {l gd{ {qhfpjh{dk weljd qdylq{p

ytajmpedk mf Gtohqh{m hp {ed} `lf{hmf l{edq kd{hmjp qdjh{mfg {l {ed mf`mkdf{& Lfj} {ed

chmf yhq{p {edqdln hqd {qhfpjh{dk mf Dfgjmpe& [ed qdylq{ mf Gtohqh{ Phchèhq whp*

&[lkh} hp `dq{hmf nhfh{m` djdcdf{p pd{ lf nmqd wm{e yd{qlj nltq `lhèdp ln {ed

{qhmf 47 chjdp* ndchjdp hfk èmjkqdf wdqd atqf{ hjm~d ad`htpd ln {ed nmqd wemè

ehk pyqdhk mfpmkd {ed `lhè hfk ;0 ydqplfp ehk qd`dm~dk pdqmltp mfotqmdp& Mf

Phfkdpe khmj} {ed qdylq{ whp* [lkh} mf {ed clqfmfg h clfp{qltp cla ln clqd

{ehf 499 eh~mfg pd{ lf nmqd `lhèdp l~dq`qlwkdk wm{e yhppdfgdqp hfk clqd

yhq{m`tjhqj} a} {ed Emfkt kd~l{ddp qd{tqfmfg hn{dq h{{dfkmfg Qhc ]hgfh mf

H}lke}h clqd {ehf pmu{} ydqplfp wdqd atqf{ hjm~d& [lkh} mf {ed clqfmfg h{

plcd kmp{hf`d nqlc Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf* hp yqd~mltpj} yjhffdk* Phahqch{m

Duyqdpp {qhmf {mge{j} l~dq`qlwkdk wm{e yhppdfgdqp* h ~mljdf{ cla ln clqd {ehf

499 ydqplfp eh~mfg pd{ lf nmqd `lhèdp ntjj ln Emfkt kd~l{ddp clqd {ehf >9

ydqplfp wdqd atqf{ hjm~d& Mf {ed qdylq{ ytajmpedk mf Ohm Emfk weh{ ehp addf

p{h{dk mp H{{h`b lf {ed {qhmf h{ Glkeqh& Pmu{} atqf{ hjm~d& M{ mp ntq{edq p{h{dk {eh{

h``lqkmfg {l {ed mfnlqch{mlf h~hmjhajd* {ed Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf whpptqqltfkdk a} h cla hfk m{ whp p{lffdk nqlc hjj {ed nltq pmkdp& Clqdl~dq* }ltfg

ydqplfp wel ehk `lcd wm{e wdhylfp ehk `htpdk khchgd {l {ed `lhèdp ln {ed

{qhmf hfk ehk chkd hf h{{dcy{ {l pd{ {edc lf nmqd& Lf {ed nqlf{ yhgd ln [ed

[mcdp ln Mfkmh {ed qdylq{ whp [ed {qhmf whp p{lyydk fdhq Pmgfhj Nhjmh* h

fl{lqmltp hqdh ln Glkeqh* hp plcdlfd hyyhqdf{j} ytjjdk {ed èhmf& H cla qtpedk

{lwhqkp {ed {wl `lhèdp %P,> hfk P,7-* ydj{mfg p{lfdp mfm{mhjj}& Lf`d {ed wmfklwp

wdqd aqlbdf* {ed} {eqdw yd{qlj alcap mfpmkd& Phmk ptq~m~dqp* {ed P,> `lhè whp

kltzd wm{e yd{qlj hfk kmdpdj nqlc lt{pmkd hfk pd{ nmqd d~df hp {ed yhppdfgdqp `qmdk

lf edjyjdppj} p`qdhcmfg nlq edjy& Mf {ed Mfkmhf Duyqdpp hjpl {ed qdylq{ whp {eh{

Hjclp{ hjj {ed kdhk wdqd mfpmkd {ed P#> `hqqmhgd* wemè whp pd{ hajhzd a} h cla

{eh{ wm{fdppdp phmk whp {eqlwmfg p{lfdp* pchpemfg wmfklw yhfdp wm{e mqlf qlkp*

hfk ytqmfg yd{qlj hfk jlaamfg atqfmfg qhgp mfpmkd& [ed Hpmhf Hgd ehk qdylq{dk?

Hp {ed {qhmf jdn{ {ed p{h{mlf hn{dq {ed qlt{mf p{ly* {ed dcdqgdf`} èhmf whp ytjjdk


39/196

04

hfk {ed {qhmf ehj{dk& Hp pllf hp {ed {qhmfp p{lyydk* h cla ln clqd {ehf 8499

ydqplfp* qdylq{dkj} adjlfgmfg {l h cmflqm{} `lcctfm{}* h{{h`bdk {ed yhppdfgdqp

{qh~djjmfg mf {ed P#> `lhè wm{e mqlf qlkp hfk pwlqkp& Mfnjhcchajd ptap{hf`dp

wdqd hjpl {eqlwf mf {ed `lhè* wemè jdk {l h nmqd mf h ylq{mlf ln {ed algmd hfk

pd~dqhj yhppdfgdqp

;9& Fl ydqplf ehk ptggdp{dk nlq xtm{d h jlfg {mcd {eh{ nmqd mf `lhè P,> ln

Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf whp `htpdk mf hf} l{edq chffdq& Mf qdpylfpd {l {ed

Fl{mnm`h{mlf mpptdk a} {emp @lccmppmlf* Ohf Phfgehqpe Chfè nmjdk m{p p{h{dcdf{

ptyylq{dk a} hf hnnmkh~m{ lf 89&>&1991& Mf {eh{ hnnmkh~m{ {ed} pelwdk {edmq `lf`dqf

nlq {ed mf`mkdf{p wemè ehk ehyydfdk mf Hecdkhahk lf 15&1&1991 hfk 8&0&1991

wedqdmf halt{ 149 et{cdf{p wdqd h{{h`bdk& [edqdhn{dq lf 8&7&1991 Cq& Hcqmpe

Fhqdfkqh Yh{dj* hk~l`h{d kdp`qmamfg emcpdjn hp hf h`{m~d cdcadq ln Ohf

Phfgehqpe Chfè* nmjdk h p{h{dcdf{,hnnmkh~m{ xtdp{mlfmfg {ed ~dqpmlf ln `qmcmfhj

`lfpymqh`} hk~hf`dk a} {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{& Weh{ ed ehp p{h{dk {edqdmf mp {eh{

ed ehk ~mpm{dk Glkeqh hjlfg wm{e plcd ln emp `ljjdhgtdp lf =&>&1991& Ed ehk hjpl

glfd {eqltge {ed N&M&Q& mf qdpyd`{ ln {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ hfk {ed p{h{dcdf{p ln

wm{fdppdp qd`lqkdk a} {ed yljm`d& Lf {ed ahpmp ln ch{dqmhj `ljjd`{dk a} emc* m{

hyydhqdk {l emc {eh{ atqfmfg ln `lhè P,> whp ad`htpd ln {ed pylf{hfdltp p`tnnjd

hfk nmge{ {eh{ ehk {hbdf yjh`d ad{wddf Qhcpd~hbp hfk Ctpjmc ~dfklqp lf {ed

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dhqjmdq&

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8p{ Otj}* 1991* pmgfdk a} m{p {edf Yqdpmkdf{ @ehtkehqm Hchqpmfe Aemjhaehm* ehp

p{h{dk? M{ mp p{h{dk {eh{ {ed mf`mkdf{ ln Glkeqh mp h yjhffdk lfd hfk mp hf h`{ ln

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ehyydfdk {eh{ ptè `hqfhgd `ltjk ehyydf ptkkdfj} hfk pylf{hfdltpj}& Weh{ ehp

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mfp{mgh{mlf ln {ed P{h{d Cmfmp{dq tfkdq {ed flpd ln @emdn Cmfmp{dq

;1& [mjj Otj}* 1991 fdm{edq Ohf Phfgehqpe Chfè flq Gtohqh{ Yqhkdpe

@lfgqdpp @lccm{{dd flq hf}lfd djpd ehk ptggdp{dk {eh{ {ed Glkeqh mf`mkdf{ ehk

fl{ ehyydfdk mf {ed chffdq qdylq{dk a} {ed cdkmh hfk hp p{h{dk a} {ed P{h{d

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eh~d p{hq{dk xtdp{mlfmfg {eh{ ~dqpmlf hn{dq {ed Nlqdfpm` P`mdf`d Jhalqh{lq} gh~d

m{p qdylq{ lf 7&4&1991* wedqdmf m{ mp p{h{dk {eh{ hp wmfklwp ln `lhè P,> wdqd

halt{ 7 ndd{ emge nqlc {ed gqltfk jd~dj m{ whp fl{ ylppmajd nlq hf} lfd p{hfkmfg

lt{pmkd lf {ed gqltfk {l {eqlw mfpmkd {ed `lhè hf} mfnjhcchajd jmxtmk a} `hqal}

lq hf} l{edq `lf{hmfdq* hp mf klmfg pl {ed jmxtmk `lf{hmfdk {edqdmf wltjk eh~d

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a} wh} ln qd{hjmh{mlf {emp mf`mkdf{ ehk ehyydfdk h{ Glkeqh& M{ mp {edqdnlqd*

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atqfmfg ln `lhè P,> hfk weh{ ehk ehyydfdk dhqjmdq&

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h{ H}lke}h nlq `lcmfg ah`b {l Gtohqh{& [ed {qhmf whp edh~mj} l~dq `qlwkdk& [ed

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l~dq `qlwkmfg mf {eh{ `lhè&

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mfpmkd {ed `lhè gd{{mfg l~dq{tqfdk hfk bdqlpdfd {edqdnqlc gd{{mfg pymjjdk& [emp

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pjlghfp mf {ed {qhmf& [ed} ehk fl{ klfd hf} cmpèmdn& H{ Qtkhtjm p{h{mlf ed ehk

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phmk {eh{ ed ehk fl{ `lcd {l bflw ad{wddf welc {ed phmk xthqqdj ehk {hbdf yjh`d&

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`lffd`{dk wm{e Gehfèm Ctpjmcp ln Glkeqh* h{ Qtkhtjm qhmjwh} p{h{mlf& [m`bd{

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ad{wddf plcd yhppdfgdqp ln {ed {qhmf hfk {dh ~dfklqp h{ Toohmf qhmjwh} p{h{mlf&

Kmyhb @eehajhfm ehp `h{dglqm`hjj} p{h{dk {eh{ fl ptè mf`mkdf{ ehk {hbdf yjh`d& Mf

emp p{h{dcdf{ {l {ed Pq& Km~mpmlfhj Chfhgdq W&Q&Qh{jhc ed ehk p{h{dk {eh{#

& [edqd mp fl d~mkdf`d mfkm`h{mfg {eh{ hf} xthqqdj ehk

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45/196

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ln Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf h{ Glkeqh&

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Qh{fhaehm hfk Edhk @lfp{hajd Jhbehaehm ln Khelk qhmjwh} lt{ ylp{& [ed} eh~d

p{h{dk {eh{ wedf {ed {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk h{ Khelk qhmjwh} p{h{mlf* plcd Qhcpd~hbp

{qh~djjmfg mf {ed {qhmf ehk `lcd lt{ lf {ed yjh{nlqc nlq {hbmfg wh{dq* {dh d{`& hfk

{ed} ehk qhmpdk pjlghfp jmbd Oh} Peqm Qhc* Chfkmq Ahfh}dfgd* Chfkmq ^hemf

Ahfh}dfgd Qhcbh Fhc Ahkeh}dfgd& [ed} eh~d ntq{edq p{h{dk {eh{ hp {ed} ehk

pddf pl chf} Qhcpd~hbp {qh~djjmfg mf {eh{ {qhmf {ed} ehk {eltge{ m{ nm{ {l mfnlqc{ed Glkeqh qhmjwh} yljm`d halt{ {ed phcd& H``lqkmkfgj} {ed} ehk pdf{ h cdpphgd

{l {ed Glkeqh Qhmjwh} Yljm`d P{h{mlf h{ halt{ >#;4 h&c& Hf df{q} %Due&45=0- {l

{eh{ dnnd`{ whp hjpl chkd mf {ed qdgmp{dq bdy{ h{ Khelk Qhmjwh} Lt{ylp{&

41& Nqlc {ed d~mkdf`d ln hjj {edpd wm{fdppdp hfk l{edq ch{dqmhj lf qd`lqk m{

ad`lcdp `jdhq {eh{ du`dy{ l~dq `qlwkmfg mf {ed {qhmf hfk l``hpmlfhj qhmpmfg lnpjlghfp mfpmkd {ed {qhmf hfk lf yjh{nlqcp ln {ed mf{dq~dfmfg p{h{mlfp* {ed

Qhcpd~hbp ehk fl{ klfd hf}{emfg hfk fl mf`mkdf{ ehk ehyydfdk dhqjmdq wemè

`ltjk eh~d jdk {l {ed mf`mkdf{ wemè jh{dq lf ehyydfdk h{ Glkeqh& Mf hapdf`d ln

hf} d~mkdf`d weh{pld~dq mfkm`h{mfg hf} mf`mkdf{ lf {ed wh}* {ed @lccmppmlf

ehp fl edpm{h{mlf mf `lcmfg {l {ed `lf`jtpmlf {eh{ {ed ptggdp{mlf chkd a} Ohcmh{d#

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whp {qltajd nqdd&

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p{h{mlf* chf} tfht{elqmpdk ~dfklqp `lcd lf {ed yjh{nlqcp {l pdjj dh{hajdp* amkkmp*

`ljk kqmfbp d{`& [emp nh`{ mp kmp`jlpdk a} {ed d~mkdf`d ln YM C&O&Oehjh % W#87 - hfk

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al}p hjpl `lcd lf {ed yjh{nlqc {l pdjj {edmq gllkp wedf H {qhmf hqqm~dp& K}& P&P&

]tptnhjm Phm}hk ehp kdylpdk {eh{ wedf h {qhmf hqqm~dp h{ {ed p{h{mlf* chf} ~dfklqp

wm{elt{ hf} jm`df`d `lcd lf {ed yjh{nlqc wm{e {dh* dh{hajdp* d{`& nlq pdjjmfg {edc&Hoh} Bhftaehm hf dcyjl}dd ln lfd {dh ~dfklq* mf emp yljm`d p{h{dcdf{ k{& ;#7#

1991* ehp fhcdk {elpd ~dfklqp hfk kmp`jlpdk elw {ed} wdqd klmfg atpmfdpp lf

{ed yjh{nlqc wedf {ed {qhmfp tpdk {l hqqm~d h{ Glkeqh qhmjwh} p{h{mlf& Hp p{h{dk a}

emc m{ whp klfd hjclp{ mf hf lqghfmzdk chffdq& H ~dfklq `ltjk kl lfj} {eh{

atpmfdpp wemè ed whp ydqcm{{dk {l kl a} {edmq jdhkdq& Hjclp{ hjj {ed ~dfklqp

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p{h{dk {eh{ Phjmc Yhfwhjh whp {ed jdhkdq ln {ed ~dfklqp& Phjmc Yhfwhjh hfk Qhzhb

Btqbtq wdqd gllk nqmdfkp hfk ehk ctè `lf{qlj l~dq {ed ~dfklqp wel wdqd dm{edq

nlq`dk lq mfkt`dk {l pdjj nhbd yltèdp ln cmfdqhj wh{dq* nhbd hqd{dk kqmfbp hfk

l{edq hq{m`jdp ln Qhzhb Btqbtq& Hjj {ed ~dfklqp wdqd hnqhmk ln Phjmc Yhfwhjh hfk

Qhzhb Btqbtq& [ed ~dfklqp {edcpdj~dp wdqd p{qlfg edhkdk ydqplfp hfk fdm{edq

{ed qhmjwh} p{hnn flq {ed qhmjwh} yljm`dcdf wdqd hajd {l `lf{qlj {edc&

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{ed d~mkdf`d ln l{edq yljm`dcdf m{ hyydhqp {eh{ wedf Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf

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47/196


48/196

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45& [[D Phoohfjhj Qhfmwhj %W#14- mf emp p{h{dcdf{ chkd {l Pdfmlq Km~mpmlfhj

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49/196

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ehk edhqk jltk flmpdp `lcmfg nqlc {ed yjh{nlqc&Peqm Qhcfhqdpe Gty{h %W#

8984- ehk hjmge{dk lf {ed yjh{nlqc nlq {hbmfg {dh at{ ad`htpd ln {ed xthqqdj ed ehk

mccdkmh{dj} qd{tqfdk {l emp `lhè& Wemjd ed whp p{mjj lf {ed yjh{nlqc* ed ehk pddf

lfd Ctpjmc {dh ~dfklq qtffmfg hwh} nqlc {edqd& [eh{ chf whp pelt{mfg at{ ed

ehk fl{ `lcd {l bflw we} {eh{ {dh ~dfklq whp qtffmfg hwh}& [emp wm{fdpp mf

qdyj} {l {ed xtdp{mlfp yt{ {l emc a} {ed hk~l`h{d nlq Ohf Phfgehqpe Chfè ehp

p{h{dk {eh{ ed ehk glfd lf {ed yjh{nlqc nlq {hbmfg {dh* hfk wedf ed ehk {ljk lfd

{dh ~dfklq {l gm~d emc {dh* ed ehk fl{ jmp{dfdk {l emc hfk ehk qtf hwh} nqlc

{eh{ yjh`d& Ed ehk ndj{ {eh{ ed whp h Ctpjmc& [eh{ ydqplf whp pelt{mfg at{ ed ehk

fl{ `lcd {l bflw we} ed whp klmfg pl&

>9& Oh}pmfe Bh{moh %W#8-* mfèhqgd P{h{mlf Ptydqmf{dfkdf{ ehp p{h{dk {eh{ wedf

ed ehk glfd fdhq H `hamf* wedqd {ed mf`mkdf{ ehk ehyydfdk* ed ehk nltfk {eh{

{ed yhppdfgdqp wdqd ~dq} hfgq}& Wedf Kmp{qm`{ @ljjd`{lq Oh}hf{m Qh~m ehk mfxtmqdknqlc {edc mf emp yqdpdf`d halt{ weh{ ehk ehyydfdk* {ed yhppdfgdqp ehk {ljk edq

{eh{ plcd yhppdfgdqp ehk hf duèhfgd ln wlqkp wm{e lfd {dh ~dfklq lf {ed

yjh{nlqc&

>8& Hoh} Bhftaehm mf emp yljm`d p{h{dcdf{ k{& ;#7#1991 ehp p{h{dk {eh{ lf 17#

1#1991 ed ehk glfd {l {ed p{h{mlf h{ halt{ 7#99 L`jl`b {l pdjj {dh ln emp chp{dq

Chedalla Ylyh& Hn{dq Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk lf yjh{nlqc fl&8 ed

ehk p{llk fdhq `lhè P,0& Ed ehk pddf Clechk Jh{mbh qtffmfg hfk `lcmfg

{lwhqkp emc& Wedf ed ehk hpbdk emc hp {l we} ed whp qtffmfg* ed whp {ljk {eh{ h

xthqqdj ehk {hbdf yjh`d ad{wddf Pmkmb Ahbhq hfk Bhqpd~hbp hfk ed whp admfg

adh{df& H{ {eh{ {mcd* plcd > lq 7 Bhqpd~hbp ehk `lcd {edqd hfk hpbdk al{e ln

{edc {l pydhb Oh} Peqm Qhc& Ed qdpylfkdk at{ Clechk Jh{mbh admfg h Ctpjmc

kmk fl{ pydhb Oh} Peqm Qhc& Pl {ed Bhqpd~hbp ehk p{hq{dk adh{mfg Clecdk


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;>

Jh{mbh at{ ed whp hajd {l dp`hyd& Ed ehk glfd hwh} qtffmfg {lwhqkp {ed dfgmfd&

Hn{dq glmfg fdhq Pmgfhj Nhjmh* ed ehk p{hq{dk qhmpmfg pelt{p {eh{ {ed} wdqd admfg

adh{df& Ed ehp {edf p{h{dk halt{ ydj{mfg ln p{lfdp lf {ed {qhmf a} ydqplfp p{hfkmfg

lt{pmkd& [emp wm{fdpp mf emp p{h{dcdf{ adnlqd O&C&N&@& Glkeqh qd`lqkdk tfkdq

Pd`{mlf 8>; @q&Y&@& lf =#7#1991 ehp qdm{dqh{dk weh{ ed ehk p{h{dk dhqjmdq adnlqd

{ed yljm`d&

>1& Y&@&Peqmclehf Ohkh~ %W#10- wel whp ydqnlqcmfg kt{} fdhq @YWM

lnnm`d hjlfgwm{e yljm`d `lfp{hajd Bhqhfpmfe ehk edhqk plcd flmpdp `lcmfg nqlc

yjh{nlqc fl&8& Ed ehk* {edqdnlqd* glfd lf yjh{nlqc fl&8& Ed ehp p{h{dk {eh{ {edqd

ed ehk `lcd {l bflw {eh{ {edqd whp h xthqqdj ad{wddf yhppdfgdqp hfk lfd ~dfklq

lf {ed yjh{nlqc at{ ed ehk fl{ `lcd {l bflw h{ {eh{ {mcd we} {ed phmk xthqqdj ehk

{hbdf yjh`d&

>0& Peqm Qhot Aehqgh~ %W#08-* wel whp {ed Ptydqmf{dfkdf{ ln Yljm`d h{

Glkeqh h{ {ed qdjd~hf{ {mcd hfk wel ehk qtpedk {l {ed yjh`d ln mf`mkdf{ fdhqH`hamf mccdkmh{dj}* ehp p{h{dk mf emp d~mkdf`d qd`lqkdk a} {ed @lccmppmlf {eh{

ed ehk {qmdk {l gh{edq mfnlqch{mlf nqlc {ed yhppdfgdqp hp {l weh{ whp {ed `htpd

nlq {ed mf`mkdf{ hfk h{ {eh{ {mcd* ed ehk `lcd {l bflw {eh{ {edqd whp plcd p`tnnjd

wedf {ed {qhmf whp lf {ed yjh{nlqc& Ed `ltjk fl{ gd{ hf} `jdhq ym`{tqd lf {ed ahpmp

ln {ed mfnlqch{mlf wem`e ed ehk {edf gl{* hp lfd ~dqpmlf whp {eh{ {edqd whp h

kmpyt{d qdghqkmfg yh}cdf{ nlq {dh {l lfd {dh ~dfklq hfk {ed l{edq ~dqpmlf whp {eh{

h Ctpjmc gmqj whp ytjjdk hfk {hbdf a} plcd Bhqpd~hb mfpmkd {ed {qhmf&

>;& Mf emp yljm`d p{h{dcdf{ kh{dk 17#1#1991* HPM @eeh{qhpmfe ehp p{h{dk {eh{

ed hfk yljm`d `lfp{hajd Chedfkqhpmfe wdqd ydqnlqcmfg kt{} lf yjh{nlqc fl& 8

wedf Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk {edqd& Plcd{mcd {edqdhn{dq Pmkmb Ahbhq*

h {dh jhqmwhjh hfk Pmqho qm`bpehwhjh ehk cd{ emc lf {ed yjh{nlqc hfk {ljk emc

{eh{ {ed} wdqd adh{df a} {ed Bhqpd~hbp wel wdqd {qh~djjmfg a} {ed Phahqch{m


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;7

Duyqdpp {qhmf& Al{e ln {edc ehk pelwf {edmq mfotqmdp {l emc& [edqdnlqd* ed ehk

{ljk {edc {l gm~d h `lcyjhmf{ mf {eh{ adehjn* at{ {ed} ehk fl{ klfd pl hfk ehk

glfd hwh} {lwhqkp H `hamf&

>4& Edhk @lfp{hajd Bhftaehm wel whp ydqnlqcmfg kt{} lf {ed lnn pmkd ln {ed

{qhmf ehk glfd {l yjh{nlqc fl& 8 hn{dq {ed {qhmf ehk jdn{ hfk wedf ed ehk mfxtmqdk

halt{ ydj{mfg ln p{lfdp lf {ed {qhmf* ed whp {ljk a} HPM @eeh{qhpmfe {eh{ {edqd whp

plcd xthqqdj ad{wddf Bhqpd~hbp hfk lfd {dh ~dfklq& Yljm`d `lfp{hajd

Chedfkqhpmfe whp wm{e HPM @eeh{qhpmfe hfk ed ehp hjpl p{h{dk {ed phcd {emfg&

Yljm`d `lfp{hajd Yqhaeh{aehm mf emp p{h{dcdf{ kh{dk 8#0#1991 ehp p{h{dk {eh{ Pmkmb

Ahbhq hfk Pmqho Qm`bpehwhjh ehk cd{ emc lf {ed yjh{nlqc hfk {ed} ehk {ljk emc

{eh{ {ed} wdqd adh{df a} {ed Bhqpd~hbp& Yljm`d `lfp{hajd Qhchaehm whp wm{e edhk

`lfp{hajd Bhftaehm&hfk ed ehp hjpl phmk {ed phcd {emfg&

>>& Hjj {edpd wm{fdppdp ehk fl qdhplf {l ph} plcd{emfg wemè whp fl{ `lqqd`{&

Weh{ {ed} eh~d phmk kdpdq~dp {l ad adjmd~dk& [edmq d~mkdf`d wedf qdhk {lgd{edq*dp{hajmpedp {eh{ h xthqqdj ehk {hbdf yjh`d ad{wddf Qhcpd~hbp hfk h {dh ~dfklq&

Wel {eh{ {dh ~dfklq whp mp kmp`jlpdk a} {ed yljm`d p{h{dcdf{ ln Hoh} Bhftaehm

Ahqm}h gm~df lf ;&=&1991& Hp qdghqkp {ed hpphtj{ a} lfd Qhcpd~hb lf Pmqho Cm{eh*

h qm`bpehwhjh* wel whp p{hfkmfg lf {ed yjh{nlqc fdhq {ed wh{dq et{* {edqd mp fl

kmqd`{ d~mkdf`d ln hf} wm{fdpp& Hoh} Ahqm}h emcpdjn admfg h ~dfklq* emp yqdpdf`d

lf {ed yjh{nlqc h{ {ed {mcd wedf {ed {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk whp xtm{d fh{tqhj& Hp p{h{dk

a} emc* ed whp p{hfkmfg fdhq `lhè P,0 hfk* {edqdnlqd* ed `ltjk eh~d pddf

Chedalla Jh{mbh hfk Pmqho `lcmfg qtffmfg nqlc {ed qdhq pmkd ln {ed {qhmf hfk

glmfg {lwhqkp {ed dfgmfd& Emp `lfkt`{ mf hpbmfg Clechk Jh{mbh we} ed whp

qtffmfg whp hjpl xtm{d fh{tqhj hfk {edqd mp fl qdhplf {l kmpadjmd~d emp ~dqpmlf

halt{ {elpd mf`mkdf{p& Cdqdj} ad`htpd ed ehp fl{ `lcd nlqwhqk {l gm~d d~mkdf`d

lydfj} hghmfp{ Gehfèm Ctpjmcp ln Glkeqh lt{ ln ndhq hfk qmpb mf~lj~dk* weh{ ed

ehk p{h{dk mf emp p{h{dcdf{p fddk fl{ ad kmp`hqkdk& [ed @lccmppmlf hn{dq


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;5

`lfpmkdqh{mlf ln d~mkdf`d ln hjj {edpd wm{fdppdp nmfkp fl qdhplf fl{ {l h``dy{ {edmq

d~mkdf`d& [ed nh`{ {eh{ {edqd whp h xthqqdj ad{wddf Qhcpd~hbp hfk h {dh ~dfklq mp

fl{ lfj}* fl{ kmpyt{dk at{ mp h``dy{dk a} a} {ed yhq{mdp lyylpmfg {ed P{h{d

Gl~dqfcdf{p ~dqpmlf halt{ {ed chmf mf`mkdf{& Weh{ mp ptacm{{dk a} {edc mp {eh{

weh{ ehk ehyydfdk lf {ed yjh{nlqc ktqmfg {ed {qhmfp 4 cmft{dp ehj{ h{ {ed P{h{mlf

ehk jdk {l {ed ptapdxtdf{ h{{h`b lf {ed {qhmf hfk m{ whp fl{ ad`htpd ln {ed

`lfpymqh`} hjjdgdk a} {ed {ed P{h{d Gl~dqfcdf{&

>7& Lfd clqd mf`mkdf{ ln h{{dcy{dk hakt`{mlf ln Plnmhahft %W#48- mp p{h{dk {l

eh~d ehyydfdk wemjd {ed {qhmf whp p{hfkmfg h{ {ed p{h{mlf& Lf 17#81#1991* jdhqfdk

hk~l`h{d nlq Ohcmh{d#Tjch#D#Emfk gh~d hf hyyjm`h{mlf nlq `hjjmfg Plnmhahft

adnlqd {emp @lccmppmlf {l gm~d d~mkdf`d& M{ whp p{h{dk mf {ed hyyjm`h{mlf {eh{ hp

ped mp `m{dk hp h wm{fdpp mf {ed `ehqgd pedd{ nmjdk a} {ed yljm`d* edq d~mkdf`d mp

jmbdj} {l edjy {ed @lccmppmlf mf aqmfgmfg lt{ {ed {qt{e& Lf >#8#1990 {ed

@lccmppmlf yhppdk hf lqkdq hjjlwmfg {eh{ hyyjm`h{mlf& Ped whp duhcmfdk hp h

wm{fddpp lf 80#8#1990& Mf edq d~mkdf`d ped ehp p{h{dk {eh{ lf 10&1&1991 pedhjlfgwm{e edq pmp{dq hfk cl{edq ehk glfd nqlc ^hklkhqh {l Glkeqh {l `djdaqh{d

Mkk ndp{m~hj& [ed} ehk p{h}dk wm{e {edmq cl{edqp pmp{dq Ohm{tfamam wel whp {edf

qdpmkmfg mf Pmgfhj Nhjmh& [ed} ehk glfd {l {ed qhmjwh} p{h{mlf lf 17#1#1991 h{

halt{ 7#09 mf {ed clqfmfg hp {ed} whf{dk {l gl ah`b {l ^hklkhqh a} Cdct {qhmf&

[ed} wdqd pm{{mfg fdhq {ed wh{dq et{ wedf Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk lf

{ed yjh{nlqc& Plcd ydqplfp wdhqmfg phnnqlf `ljltq Yh{{hp %`jl{e adj{p- hfk

pelt{mfg Oh} Ahoqhfg ehk `lcd lt{ lf {ed yjh{nlqc nqlc {ed {qhmf& [ed} ehk

adh{df lfd adhqkdk ydqplf* hfk {edqdnlqd gd{{mfg nqmge{dfdk {ed} ehk cl~dk jm{{jd

hwh} nqlc {eh{ yjh`d& Pllf {edqdhn{dq lfd ydqplf wm{e h phnnqlf `ljltq adj{ ehk

yt{ emp ehfk lf edq clt{e hfk a} ytjjmfg edq* ehk {qmdk {l {hbd edq {lwhqkp {ed

{qhmf& Lf edq qhmpmfg pelt{p* ed ehk jdn{ edq ehfk& [ed} ehk {edqdhn{dq cl~dk hwh}

nqlc {eh{ yjh`d hfk glfd fdhq {ed {m`bd{ wmfklw&Hp {ed} ehk ad`lcd ~dq} ct`e


53/196


54/196

49

ped ehk {hjbdk halt{ {emp mf`mkdf{ {l hf}lfd* ped ehp p{h{dk {eh{ 0 lq ; kh}p hn{dq

{ed mf`mkdf{ ped whp {hbdf {l h qdjmdn `hcy wemè whp pd{ ty mf Mxahj Pèllj hfk

{edqd ped whp xtdp{mlfdk a} plcd yqdpp qdylq{dqp& Hn{dq halt{ h clf{e edq

p{h{dcdf{ whp qd`lqkdk a} {ed qhmjwh} yljm`d& Mf edq yljm`d p{h{dcdf{ ped ehk

p{h{dk {eh{ hn{dq halt{ 4 lq > kh}p plcdalk} adjlfgmfg {l {edmq `hp{d ehk {hbdf edq

{l Mxahj pèllj& Hp ped ehk fl{ p{h{dk hf}{emfg {l hf}lfd halt{ {emp mf`mkdf{ {mjj

{edf fl lt{pmkdq wltjk eh~d `lcd {l bflw halt{ {ed phcd& Tfkdq {ed

`mq`tcp{hf`dp* m{ ad`lcdp klta{ntj hfk ptpym`mltp we} plcdalk} ehk hyyqlhèdk

edq hn{dq halt{ 4 kh}p hfk {hbdf edq {l h qdjmdn `hcy hfk {eh{ {ll h{ {ed {mcd wedf

yqdpp qdylq{dqp wdqd yqdpdf{& Phjmc Yhfwhjh ehk qhmpdk pelt{p adnlqd Phahqch{m

Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk p{hq{dk nqlc {ed p{h{mlf {eh{ lfd Gehfèm Ctpjmc gmqj whp admfg

hakt`{dk a} {ed Bhqpd~hbp& Phjmc Yhfwhjh whp fl{ yqdpdf{ fdhq {eh{ yjh`d hfk

ehk fl{ pddf {ed hjjdgdk h{{dcy{ {l bmkfhy Plnm}hahft hfk }d{ ed ehk qhmpdk h

pelt{ {eh{ h Gehfèm Ctpjmc gmqj whp admfg bmkfhyydk a} {ed Bhqpd~hbp& [ed

d~mkdf`d kmp`jlpdp {eh{ Phjmc Yhfwhjh ehk hyydhqdk lf {ed yjh{nlqc h{ halt{ {ed

{mcd wedf Clechk Jh{mbh hfk Pmkmb Ahbhq ehk glfd qtffmfg fdhq {ed lydfpyh`d {lwhqkp {ed dfgmfd pmkd& Nlq hjj {edpd qdhplfp {ed @lccmppmlf mp mf`jmfdk

{l {hbd {ed ~mdw {eh{ ptè hf mf`mkdf{ ehk mf nh`{ fl{ ehyydfdk hfk yqlahaj} weh{

Plnm}hahft ehp p{h{dk whp h{ {ed mfp{hf`d ln Phjmc Yhfwhjh wel ehk pyqdhk ptè h

nhjpd qtcltq& M{ hyydhqp {l ad hf h{{dcy{ {l yhpp lnn {ed nhjpd qtcltq hp {qtd& Mn

weh{ Phjmc Yhfwhjh ehk phmk whp {qtd* {edf hf h{{dcy{ wltjk eh~d addf chkd {l

jllb nlq edq wemjd {ed {qhmf whp p{hfkmfg lf {ed p{h{mlf nlq halt{ 5 {l 89 cmft{dp

{edqdhn{dq& Fl alk} ehk klfd {eh{&

>=& [ed d~mkdf`d hjpl kmp`jlpdp {eh{ ktqmfg {ed nm~d cmft{dp ehj{ h{ {ed p{h{mlf

{edqd whp ydj{mfg ln p{lfdp lf {ed nqlf{ pmkd ln {ed {qhmf a} ydqplfp p{hfkmfg

lt{pmkd {ed p{h{mlf hfk plcd yhppdfgdqp p{hfkmfg lf {ed yjh{nlqc ehk hjpl {eqlwf

p{lfdp {lwhqkp {elpd ydqplfp& Wm{fdpp Peqmclehf Ohkh~ %W#10-* h QYN Yljm`d

@lfp{hajd ehp p{h{dk {eh{ wedf Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk lf {ed


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yjh{nlqc ed whp yqdpdf{ fdhq {ed @YWM lnnm`d& Ed edhqk plcd pelt{p `lcmfg nqlc

yjh{nlqc Fl&8 hfk* {edqdnlqd* ed ehk glfd {edqd& Ed ehk fl{m`dk {eh{ plcd

yhppdfgdqp hfk lt{pmkdqp wdqd {eqlwmfg p{lfdp h{ dhè l{edq& Ed hfk emp

`lcyhfmlf yljm`d `lfp{hajd ehk chkd {ed yhppdfgdqp pm{ mf {ed {qhmf hfk a}

cl~dcdf{ ln {edmq p{m`bp kmqd`{dk {ed lt{pmkdqp {l kmpydqpd& [eh{ whp {ed yhq{ ln

{ed {qhmf wemè whp duylpdk {l Pmgfhj Nhjmh hp m{ whp lt{pmkd {ed ylq{mlf ln {ed

yjh{nlqc `l~dqdk a} {ed qhmjwh} lnnm`d ajl`b hfk {ed qlln l~dq {ed yjh{nlqc&

Peqmclehf whp h yljm`d `lfp{hajd ln QYN hfk hf mfkdydfkdf{ ydqplf& Yqlahaj}

nlq {eh{ qdhplf emp d~mkdf`d ehp qdchmfdk hjclp{ tfèhjjdfgdk& Fl qdhplf mp

ptggdp{dk nlq fl{ adjmd~mfg emc& Emp d~mkdf`d dp{hajmpedp {eh{ adnlqd {ed {qhmf ehk

p{hq{dk plcd ydqplfp p{hfkmfg lt{pmkd {ed p{h{mlf fdhq Pmgfhj Nhjmh ehk {eqlwf

p{lfdp lf {ed nmqp{ {wl lq {eqdd `lhèdp ln {ed {qhmf hfk yhppdfgdqp p{hfkmfg fdhq

{elpd `lhèdp ehk hjpl {eqlwf ah`b p{lfdp {lwhqkp {elpd ydqplfp hfk {eh{ ed hfk

emp `lcyhfmlf yljm`d `lfp{hajd ehk chkd {elpd yhppdfgdqp pm{ mf {ed {qhmf hfk

kmpydqpd {ed lt{pmkdqp&

79& Hn{dq {ed pèdktjdk p{ly ln nm~d cmft{dp Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf p{hq{dk m{p

lfwhqk oltqfd} h{ 7&;5 h&c& [eh{ mp pl p{h{dk a} K}& P&P& ]tptnhjm Phm}hk hfk

HPC Ehqmclehf Cddfh& @lymdp ln df{qmdp yqlkt`dk nqlc {ed èhqgd allb

qdgmp{dq* ytf`{thjm{} qdgmp{dq hfk {qhmf pmgfhj qdgmp{dq hjpl pelw {eh{ {ed {qhmf ehk

p{hq{dk h{ 7#;5 h&c&& [edqd mp plcd kmnndqdf`d ad{wddf {edmq d~mkdf`d hfk {ed

d~mkdf`d ln {ed gthqk hfk {ed kqm~dq qdghqkmfg {ed {mcd h{ wemè Phahqch{m

Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk p{hq{dk& H``lqkmfg {l Ph{}hfhqh}hf ^hqch* {ed gthqk hfk

hppmp{hf{ dfgmfd kqm~dq Ctbdpe Yhèlqm Phahqch{m Duyqdpp {qhmf ehk hqqm~dk h{

7&;9 h&c&& hfk ehk p{hq{dk h{ 7&;4 h&c&& H``lqkmfg {l kqm~dq Qhodfkqhqhl Ohkh~* lf

qd`dm~mfg {ed pmgfhj h{ halt{ 7#;4 h&c& ed ehk ajlwf {ed wemp{jd& [edqdhn{dq lf

gd{{mfg hjj `jdhq pmgfhj nqlc {ed gthqk* ed ehk p{hq{dk {ed {qhmf& [etp h``lqkmfg {l

emp d~mkdf`d* {ed {qhmf ehk p{hq{dk m{p lfwhqk oltqfd} h{ 7#;7 h&c& H&P&C&

Qhodfkqhyqhphk Cddfh wel whp h{ {ed H `hamf ehk gm~df h pmgfhj h{ 7#;4 h&c& {l


56/196

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{ed {qhmf {l p{hq{ hp {ed jmfd whp `jdhq& Ed ehp hjpl p{h{dk {eh{ {ed {qhmf ehk {edf

p{hq{dk h{ 7#;5 h&c& [ed qd`lqk chmf{hmfdk h{ {ed p{h{mlf ptyylq{p weh{ K}& P&P&

]tptnhjm Phm}hk ehp p{h{dk& Weh{ {ed kqm~dq hfk {ed gthqk eh~d p{h{dk mp ptyylq{dk

a} {ed qd`lqk chmf{hmfdk a} {edc& Hp h ch{{dq ln nh`{* {edqd mp fl `lf{ql~dqp} lf

{emp ylmf{& Pchjj kmnndqdf`d mf {mcd mp nlq {ed qdhplf p{h{dk a} tp dhqjmdq&

78& [ed d~mkdf`d kmp`jlpdp {eh{ pllf hn{dq {ed {qhmf ehk p{hq{dk* {edqd whp èhmf

ytjjmfg& Chf} yhppdfgdqp* {ed {wl kqm~dqp* gthqk hfk l{edq qhmjwh} lnnm`dqp eh~d

p{h{dk pl& H``lqkmfg {l kqm~dq Qhodfkqhqqhlp d~mkdf`d* {ed {qhmf ehk p{lyydk hn{dq

`l~dqmfg kmp{hf`d dxtm~hjdf{ {l {ed jdfg{e ln halt{ {wl `lhèdp m&d& halt{ ;4 C{qp&

[ed d~mkdf`d ln hfl{edq wm{fdpp mp {eh{ {ed kmp{hf`d `l~dqdk whp halt{ 79 {l 59

C{qp& Elw ctè kmp{hf`d {ed {qhmf ehk `l~dqdk mp fl{ ln ctè mcylq{hf`d& D~df

hn{dq {ed èhmf ytjjmfg {qh~djjmfg ptè {ed {qhmf ehk qdchmfdk lf {ed yjh{nlqc wedf

èhmf whp ytjjdk& [ed d~mkdf`d ln {ed kqm~dq kmp`jlpdp {eh{ hp tpthj* ed ehk

{edqdtylf ajlwf {ed pyd`mhj wemp{jd mfkm`h{mfg ytjjmfg ln {ed èhmf& Ed ehk hjpl

mfnlqcdk {ed gthqk halt{ m{ lf whjbmd#{hjbmd& Ed ehk {edf kmqd`{dk emp hppmp{hf{Ctbdpe Yhèlqm {l èd`b `lhèdp nqlc wemè {ed hjhqc èhmf whp ytjjdk hfk {l

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{ed èhmf& Ed whp {ljk {eh{ èhmf whp ytjjdk nqlc `lhèdp adhqmfg flp& 50898*

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nqlc `lhèdp Flp&50898* 40;0 hfk =81>0 lfj}& [ed gthqk ehk fl{ kmp`jlpdk

ftcadqp ln `lhèdp {l HPC Cddfh flq HPC Cddfh mf emp {tqf ehk gm~df


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