Glosario Normas SIA (Suiza)

6 SIA 261, Copyright © 2003 by SIA Zurich

1 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 Technical terms

In the present code the technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms are defined inSIA 260. Specific technical terms are defined in SIA 261 to 267.

Acceleration force Anfahrkraftforce due au démarrageforza di stacco

Axle groupAchslastgruppegroupe de charges d’essieucarico per gruppo d’assi

Axle loadAchslastcharge d’essieucarico per asse

Braking forceBremskraftforce due au freinageforza di frenato

Contact surfaceAufstandsflächesurface d’applicationsuperficie d’applicazione

Dead loadEigenlastpoids properpeso proprio

Design earthquakeBemessungsbebenséisme de dimensionnementterremoto di dimensionamento

Design spectrumBemessungsspektrumspectre de dimensionnementspettro di dimensionamento

Design speedAusbaugeschwindigkeitvitesse de basevelocità di base

Elastic response spectrumElastisches Antwortspektrumspectre de réponse élastiquespetro elastico di risposta

Equivalent force methodErsatzkraftverfahrenméthode des forces de remplacementmetodo della forza sostitutiva

Force resulting from the acceleration of vehicles.

Group of two or more axle loads.

Load applied by one axle through two or more wheels.

Force resulting from the deceleration of vehicles.

Surface over which a concentrated force is applied to the struc-ture.

Load due to the mass of the structure.

Earthquake to be assumed in seismic design, whose effect isdescribed by means of the design spectrum.

Value of horizontal ground acceleration used in the earthquakedimensioning situation, based on the elastic response spec-trum and related to the acceleration of gravity, presented as afunction of the period of vibration and the deformational beha-viour of the structure.

Planned maximum speed for the use of a railway or road section.

Maximum displacement of a single degree of freedom systemwith a specific damping ratio and eigenfrequency under a givenexcitation.

Simplified method of structural analysis for earthquake action,applicable to sufficiently stiff and regular structural systems.

SIA 261, Copyright © 2003 by SIA Zurich 7

ExplosionExplosionexplosionesplosione

Fire compartmentBrandabschnittcompartiment coupe-feucompartimento tagliafuico

Fire resistanceFeuerwiderstandrésistance au feuresistenza al fuoco

Group of actionsEinwirkungsgruppegroupe d’actionsgruppo d’azioni

ImpactAnprallchocurto

Live load Nutzlastcharge utilecarico utile

LoadLastchargecarico

Load modelLastmodellmodèl de chargemodello di carico

Nosing forceSchlingerkraftforce de lacetforza di sepeggiamento

Operational load factorBetriebslastfaktorfacteur de correction (fatigue)fattore di correzione (fatica)

PrestressVorspannungprécontrainteprecompressione

Response factorVerhaltensbeiwertcoefficient de réponse structuralecoefficiente di comportamento

Response spectrum methodAntwortspektrumverfahrenméthode du spectre de réponsemetodo dello spettro di risposta

Return periodWiederkehrperiodepériode de retourperiodo di ritorno

Volume expansion having a destructive effect due to the fastchemical reactions of a material and the subsequent formationof gases and their rapid spread.

Area of building covering one or more floors, enclosed bybounding structural members in such a way that the spread ofthe fire to other parts of the building is prevented during the cri-tical fire action.

Ability of a structural member to ensure the required structuralsafety, to prevent the spreading of fire and/or to limit the tem-perature rise for a given period under standard fire conditions.

Correlated actions to be considered together either as leadingor as accompanying actions, such as vehicle loads, accelera-tion, braking and centrifugal forces.

Collision of a moving body with the structure.

Load arising from the use of a structure.

Force acting on a structure due to gravity.

Idealised representation of the effect of loads and forces on astructure.

Equivalent static force to take into account the lateral impactresulting from the rolling motion of track vehicles.

Factor for fatigue verification taking into account the volumeand the composition of traffic, the structural system and thenumber of stress reversals.

Effect of the forces applied to a structure or structural memberin a controlled manner through the tensioning of prestressingsteel.

Factor to take into account the deformational behaviour of astructure under earthquake action.

General method of structural analysis for earthquake action, inwhich the structural vibrations excited by the design earthquakeand their contribution to the global dynamic behaviour of thestructure are investigated.

Reciprocal of probability of recurrence of a given event withina specified period of time.


Self-weight of non-structural elementsAuflastenpoids propre des éléments non-porteurpeso proprio degli elementi non portanti

Site temperatureOrtstemperaturtempérature du lieutemperatura del luogo

Snow loadSchneelastcharge de neigecarico della neve

Usable areaNutzflächesurface utilesuperficie utile

Loads generated by non load-bearing components (e.g. roof-ing, surfacing and coverings, partitions and linings, handrails,safety barriers, parapets and kerbs, wall cladding, suspendedceilings, thermal insulation and sealing) or permanent fittings(e.g. elevators and escalators, technical installations for heating,ventilation and air conditioning, electrical equipment, pipeswithout their content, cable ducts) as well as, for example, byearth fill or track ballast.

Air temperature at the location of a structure.

Load due to snow.

Area in a building planned for a particular use.


1 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 Technical terms

In the present code the specific technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms used hereare defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261.

AdditiveZusatzstoffajoutaggiunta

AdmixtureZusatzmitteladjuvantadditivo

AggregateGesteinskörnunggranulataggregat i

Anchorage lengthVerankerungslängelongueur d’ancragelunghezza d’ancoraggio

Anchorage zoneAnkerzonezone d’ancragezona di ancoraggio

Bar bundleStabbündelgroupement de barresfascio d’armature

Bar spacingStababstandespacement des barresinterasse dei ferr i

Compression fieldDruckfeldchamp de compressioncampo di compressione

ConcreteBetonbétoncalcestruzzo

Concrete overlayÜberbetonsurbétoncalcestruzzo di ricoprimento

Cover concreteÜberdeckungsbetonbéton d’enrobagecalcestruzzo di copriferro

Fine pozzuolanic or latent hydraulic substance for influencingconcrete properties.

Chemical substance which is added during the mixing process toinfluence the concrete or grout properties.

Mixture of grains of different sizes, obtained from natural sourcesor through the recycling of construction materials or artificiallyproduced, for use in concrete or mortar.

Transmission length required to transfer the reinforcing force tothe concrete.

Highly stressed zone in the immediate vicinity of a prestressinganchorage.

Two or three contacting reinforcing bars running in the samedirection.

Distance between axes of parallel reinforcing bars.

Parallel stress field of uniaxial compression with uniform stressintensity.

Construction material produced of cement, aggregate (maximumgrain size greater than 4 mm) and water, possibly with the addi-tion of additives and admixtures, which acquires its propertiesthrough the hydration of the cement.

Layer of concrete applied to an existing structural member.

Layer of concrete between reinforcement and concrete surface.


Distance between the surface of the reinforcement and the sur-face of the concrete.

Additional reinforcement within the cover concrete.

Strain increase due to persistent stress.

Concrete whose required properties and additional requirementsare the responsibility of the producer.

Structural member for deviating prestressing tendons.

Metal or plastic tube for sheathing prestressing steel.

Distance between the axis of the reinforcement and the surfaceof the concrete.

Strengthened edge zone of a shear wall.

Distance between the axis of gravity of the tensile reinforcementand the compressed edge of the cross-section.

Fatigue strength corresponding to an unlimited number of stressreversals.

Parts of the construction works, such as carriageway joints, bea-rings, drains, railings etc., which are usually installed afterwards.

Classification category for structural members which describesthe environmental influences and the resulting risks with respectto durability.

Fan-shaped stress field of uniaxial compression with variablestress intensity.

Cover of reinforcementBewehrungsüberdeckungenrobage de l’armaturecopriferro

Cover reinforcementÜberdeckungsbewehrungarmature de peauarmatura del copriferro

CreepKriechenfluagescorrimento viscoso

Designed concreteBeton nach Eigenschaftenbéton à performance spécifiéecalcestruzzo a prestazione garantita

DeviatorUmlenkelementélément de déviationdeviatore

DuctHüllrohrgaineguaina

Edge distance of reinforcementRandabstand der Bewehrungdistance au nu de l’armaturedistanza armatura - superficie

Edge elementRandelementzone de bordzona di borda

Effective depthstatische Höhehauteur statiquealtezza statica

Endurance limitDauerfestigkeitlimite de fatiguelimite di fatica

EquipmentAusrüstungequipementinfrastruttura

Exposure classExpositionsklasseclasse d’expositionclasse d’esposizione

FanFächeréventailventaglio


Fatigue strength curveBetriebsfestigkeitskurvecourbe de résistance à la fatiguecurva della resistenza alla fatica

Fibre reinforced concreteFaserbetonbéton renforcé de fibrescalcestruzzo fibrorinforzato

Finite fatigue lifeZeitfestigkeitrésistance à la fatigueresistenza alla fatica

Force spreading zoneKraftausbreitungszonezone de diffusion des forceszona di diffusione della forza

Fresh concreteFrischbetonbéton fraiscalcestruzzo fresco

GroutFüllgutmatériau d’injectionmateriale d’iniezione

Hardened concreteFestbetonbéton durc icalcestruzzo indurito

Heavyweight concreteSchwerbetonbéton lourdcalcestruzzo pesante

Lightweight concreteLeichtbetonbéton légercalcestruzzo leggero

MortarMörtelmortiermalta

NodeKnotennœudnodo

Normalweight concreteNormalbetonbéton normalcalcestruzzo normale

OverstrengthÜberfestigkeitsurrésistancesovraresistenza

Double logarithmic representation of the fatigue strength as afunction of the number of stress reversals.

Concrete with reinforcement in the form of admixed metallic,non-metallic, inorganic or organic fibres, which in comparison withthe maximum grain size of the aggregate are of similar lengthand very thin.

Fatigue strength for a limited number of stress reversals.

Zone adjacent to an anchorage zone which serves to spread theprestressing force within the structural member.

Concrete after mixing, as long as it can be worked, prior to achiev-ing stability of form.

Construction material for filling ducts.

Concrete which has largely or completely hardened.

Concrete with a density of over 2600 kg/m3.

Concrete with a density of 800 to 2000 kg/m3.

Construction material produced of cement, aggregate (maximumgrain size no greater than 4 mm) and water, possibly with theaddition of additives and admixtures.

Highly bi- or triaxially stressed zone within a stress field.

Concrete with a density of 2000 to 2600 kg/m3.

Difference between the characteristic strength value and thestrength assumed under earthquake action.


Reinforced or prestressed concrete member which is prefabrica-ted at a factory or on site and is subsequently installed in its finalposition.

Concrete whose composition and constituent materials are pres-cribed to the producer.

Effect of the forces applied to a structure or structural member ina controlled manner through the tensioning of prestressing steel.

Concrete whose reinforcement consists partially of tensionedprestressing steel.

Structural member for applying and anchoring a prestressingforce.

Tensile force which is applied to prestressing steel for the purposeof prestressing.

Steel in the form of wires, strands and bars which is suitable foruse in a prestressing tendon or for pretensioning.

Prestressing tendons and deviators together with associatedequipment such as jacks and grouting equipment.

Reinforcing element consisting of tensioned prestressing steel,prestressing anchorages, duct and grout.

Prestressing method in which the prestressing steel is tensionedbefore concreting.

Concrete whose reinforcement consists of reinforcing steel.

Insertions in concrete, usually of reinforcing steel and prestress-ing steel.

Steel which is suitable for use as non-prestressed reinforcement.

Precast concrete elementBetonfertigteilélément préfabriquéelemento prefabbricato

Prescribed concreteBeton nach Zusammensetzungbéton à composition prescritecalcestruzzo a composizione

PrestressVorspannungprécontrainteprecompressione

Prestressed concreteSpannbetonbéton précontraintcalcestruzzo precompresso

Prestressing anchorageSpannverankerungancrage de précontraintetesta d’ancoraggio

Prestressing forceSpannkraftforce de précontrainteforza di precompressione

Prestressing steelSpannstahlacier de précontrainteacciaio di precompressione

Prestressing systemSpannsystemsystème de précontraintesistema di precompressione

Prestressing tendonSpanngliedunité de précontraintecavo di precompressione

PretensioningSpannbettverfahrenprécontrainte par fils adhérentspre-tensione

Reinforced concreteStahlbetonbéton armécalcestruzzo armato

ReinforcementBewehrungarmaturearmatura

Reinforcing steelBetonstahlacier d’armature passiveacciaio d’armatura


Relative rib areabezogene Rippenflächesurface relat ive projetée des nervuressuperficie relat iva delle nervature

RelaxationRelaxationrelaxationrilassamento

ShotcreteSpritzbetonbéton projetécalcestruzzo spruzzato

ShrinkageSchwindenretraitritiro

Steel fibre reinforced concreteStahlfaserbetonbéton renforcé de fibres métalliquescalcestruzzo con fibre d’acciaio

Stress fieldSpannungsfeldchamp de contraintecampo di tensione

Stress redistributionSchnittgrössenumlagerungredistribution des sollicitationsridistribuzione degli sforzi

StrutDruckstrebebielle de compressionbiella in compressione

Verification sectionNachweisschnittsection de contrôlesezione di verifica

Ratio between the projected area of the ribs and the surfacearea of reinforcing steel bars.

Stress decrease in prestressed steel whose length is kept con-stant.

Concrete produced by dry- or wet-mixing and placed and com-pacted by spraying.

Decrease in the volume of concrete caused by drying, and, atlow water-cement ratios, due to hydration of the cement.

Fibre reinforced concrete with steel fibre reinforcement.

Model of the force flow within the structural member or structure,represented by nodes, compression fields, struts, fans and ties.

Change in the internal forces and moments of a statically inde-terminate system determined on the assumption of linear elasticbehaviour, characterised by superposition of a self-equilibratingstress state.

Narrow compression field with high stress intensity.

Section for which the punching resistance is determined.


1 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 Technical terms

In addition to the terms defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261, the following specific technical terms are used inthe present code.

Annular rivetSchliessringbolzenr ivet à anneauribattini ad anello

BilletStranggussprofilbarre d’acier coulé en continuacciaio prodotto in colata continua

Cold crackKaltrissfissure à froidcricche a freddo

Detail categoryKerbgruppecatégorie de détailscategoria d’intaglio

Effective cross-sectionBemessungsquerschnitt(wirksamer Querschnitt)section efficacesezione effetiva

Fitted boltPassschraubenboulons ajustésbulloni calibrat i

Flat productsFlacherzeugnisseproduit platsprodotti piatt i

Fracture toughnessBruchzähigkeittenacitéduttilità

Full geometric sectionBerechnungsquerschnittsection de calculsezione di calcolo

Gross cross-sectionBruttoquerschnittsection brutesezione lorda

Special means of connection whereby a cold ring is forced overthe grooved shaft of a rivet.

Semi-finished product used in the hot-rolling of steel sections.

Local rupture caused by the cooling of a weld.

Group of notch details with identical fatigue strength.

Member cross-section used in the calculation of stresses basedon Hooke’s Law; compared with the gross cross-section, theeffective cross-section is reduced to an effective width to take intoaccount the non-uniform distribution of stresses due to shear andbuckling deformations.

Bolts with small fabrication tolerances and minimal play in thebolt holes.

Plates, wide plates and profiled sheeting.

Temperature-dependent ability of a material to dissipate energyat rupture.

Determinant cross-section of a member used in structural ana-lysis, in particular, in the calculation of internal forces andmoments; in most cases identical to the gross cross-section.

Entire cross-section perpendicular to the member axis not tak-ing into account reductions in the cross-section (for example,bolt holes).

Lamellar tearingLamellares Aufreissenarrachement lamellairerottura lamellare

LaminationDoppelungendoubluressfogliatura

Net sectionNettoquerschnittsection nettesezione netta

Notch detailKerbfalldétail de constructioneffetto d’intaglio

Semi-rigid connectionHalbsteife Knotenpunkteassemblages semi-rigidesnodi semi rigid

SlipSchlupfglissementscorrimento

Rupture due to tension in thickness direction of a rolledproduct.

Lamellar discontinuities generally parallel to the surface of arolled product.

Remaining cross-section to transmit stresses, taking into ac-count reductions in the cross-section (for example, bolt holes);refers most often to a part of an element loaded in tension andis not necessarily perpendicular to the member axis.

Construction detail with a configuration that exerts a definedinfluence on the fatigue strength.

Joint between members with load-dependent flexibility thatinfluences significantly the behaviour of the structure.

Deformation in joints between members caused by bolt clear-ance.



1 TERMINOLOGIE

1.1 Termes techniques

En plus des termes techniques définis dans les normes SIA 260, SIA 261, SIA 262 et SIA 263, d’autrestermes, définis ci-après, sont utilisés dans la présente norme.

AdhérenceVerbundSistema mistoBond

Assemblage mixteVerbundanschlussGiunzione mistaComposite joint

BossageSickeNervaturaEmbossment

Coefficient d’équivalenceBetonwertigkeitCoefficiente d’equivalenzaEquivalence coefficient

ConnecteursVerbundmittelConnettoreShear connectors

ConnexionVerdübelungConnessioneShear connection

Connexion partielleTeilweise VerdübelungConnessione parzialePartial shear connection

Connexion totaleVolle VerdübelungConnessione totaleFull shear connection

Construction mixteMischbauweiseCostruzione in sistema mistoMixed structure

Transfert de force avec glissement relatif limité à l’interface desdeux composants.

Assemblage entre un élément structural mixte et tout autreélément structural, dans lequel les armatures et le béton contri-buent à la résistance de l’assemblage.

Partie saillante obtenue par déformation à froid des facesplanes des tôles profilées et destinée à améliorer l’adhérencemécanique entre la tôle profilée et le béton.

Coefficient destiné à transformer une section de béton en unesection équivalente d’acier.

Eléments de liaison, situés à l’interface d’un élément structuralmixte, qui limitent le glissement relatif et empêchent la sépara-tion des deux composants contigus.

Système d’assemblage possédant une rigidité et une résis-tance suffisante permettant la transmission des efforts rasants.

Connexion d’un élément structural mixte dont la résistanceultime est limitée par ladite connexion.

Connexion d’un élément structural mixte dont la résistanceultime n’est pas limitée par ladite connexion.

Ossature mixte pouvant comporter des éléments structurauxen acier, en béton ou mixtes acier-béton.


Dalle mixteBlechverbunddeckeSoletta di lamiera con calcestruzzo collaboranteComposite slab

Degré de connexionVerdübelungsgradGrado di connessioneDegree of shear connection

Effet mixteVerbundwirkungAzione collaboranteComposite action

Effort rasantLängsschubkraftForza di taglio longitudinaleLongitudinal shear

Elément structural mixteVerbundbauteilElemento strutturale mistoComposite member

EtayageMontageunterstützungSostegno di montaggioPropping

Goujon (à tête)KopfbolzendübelConnettore a taglioHeaded stud connector

InterfaceVerbundfugeInterfaccia fra acciaio e calcestruzzoInterface

Plancher mixteVerbunddeckeSoletta mistaComposite floor

Pont mixteVerbundbrückePonte in sistema mistoComposite bridge

Elément structural mixte horizontal plan, sollicité principale-ment en flexion, dans lequel des tôles profilées:– sont utilisées comme coffrage permanent capable de sup-

porter le poids du béton frais, les armatures et les charges deconstruction,

– s’unissent ensuite structuralement au béton durci et agissentcomme tout ou partie de l’armature de traction de la dalle.

Rapport du nombre de connecteurs d’une connexion partielleau nombre de connecteurs d’une connexion totale.

Assemblage des divers éléments d’une section, faits dematériaux différents, conduisant à une résistance ultime pourl’ensemble de cette section.

Effort intérieur agissant à l’interface de deux composants de lasection d’un élément structural mixte, dans le sens porteur.

Elément stuctural avec des composants en béton et en acier deconstruction assemblés par des connecteurs.

Appuis temporaires du composant en acier d’un élément struc-tural mixte, durant le stade de construction, situés entre lesappuis définitifs de cet élément.

Connecteur cylindrique muni d’une tête et soudé à l’arc élec-trique sur les profilés métalliques.

Surface de contact entre deux composants contigus faits dematériaux différents.

Plancher composé de profilés métalliques et d’une dalle enbéton ou mixte, solidarisés par une connexion résistante aucisaillement.

Pont dont le tablier en béton est lié au moyen de connecteursà des poutres maîtresses en acier.


1 TERMINOLOGIE

1.1 Termes techniques

La présente norme utilise les termes techniques et spécifiques définis ci-dessous. Les termes plus géné-raux sont définis dans les normes SIA 260 et SIA 261.

à arêtes vivesscharfkantiga spigoli viv isharp arris

aboutage denteléKeilzinkenverbindunggiunto a pettine finger joint

aubier, bois d’aubierSplint, Splintholzalburnosapwood

bois contrecolléSperrholzlegno compensato p lywood

bois équarrisKantholzlegname squadrato squared timber

bois lamelléBrettstapellegno lamellarelaminated timber

bois lamellé collé BLCBrettschichtholz (BSH)legno lamellare incollatoglued laminated timber

bois massifVollholzlegno massiccio, segato solid timber

bois parfait, duramenKern, Kernholzdurameheart wood

Équarris sans flaches.

Assemblage collé de deux équarris ou de deux éléments enbois collé dont les extrémités ont été découpées en dents descie, de même inclinaison et de même profil, qui s’interpénè-trent.

Zone extérieure de la section d’un tronc, à distinguer du cœur(duramen) et de l’écorce.

Assemblage collé d’au minimum 3 couches de planches debois massif ou de panneaux dont la direction des fibres descouches extérieures est parallèle et dont celle des couchesintérieures est décalée de 90°.

Bois débité de section rectangulaire.

Élément de bois constitué de planches parallèles sur champliées mécaniquement entre elles sur toute leur longueur.

Élément de bois constitué de planches parallèles collées.Autres dénominations: poutres Hetzer, poutres en lamellescollées.

Éléments de bois, généralement équarris, obtenus par sciagede grumes (équarris, planches, lattes).

Cœur des troncs où les cellules conductrices de sève ou lesfibres sont soit asséchées, soit mortes.


broche (boulon ajusté)Stabdübel (früher Passbolzen)spinotto calibrato dowel-type fastener

classe de résistanceFestigkeitsklasseclasse di resistenza strength class

classement visuel des boisVisuelle Sortierungclassificazione visualevisual grading

colles, colles à boisLeimecolle glues, adhesives

contreplaquéFurniersperrholzlegno compensato impiallacciatop lywood

crampons et goujons annulairesEinpress- und Einlassdübelannelli di congiunzione incassati / forzati toothed-plate and ring connectors

densité apparenteRohdichtedensitàdensity

dérivés du boisHolzwerkstoffederivati di legno engineered wood composites

embrèvementVersatzgiunte a dente, infiso bevel shoulder

équilibre hygroscopiqueAusgleichsfeuchteequilibro igroscopicoequilibrum moisture content

flacheBaumkante smusso wane

Tige cylindrique, généralement en acier ou un autre métal, unautre matériau synthétique ou du bois, insérée dans un troupréalablement foré et qui permet la transmission d’efforts per-pendiculairement à son axe.

Classement visuel ou mécanique de l’assortiment des bois afinde les trier selon des propriétés mécaniques définies.

Classement des bois selon leur résistance, sur la base decaractéristiques définies visuellement.

Substance adhésive, généralement liquide, qui permet unassemblage par contact après durcissement de deux pièces enbois. En raison de l’emploi presque exclusif de substancesliquides, on ne fera pas de différence entre colles et adhésifsdans la présente norme.

Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage d’un nombreimpair de plis dont les fibres des couches extérieures sontparallèles et dont les couches intermédiaires sont disposéesalternativement à environ 90°.

Goujons sollicités principalement en cisaillement et en com-pression. Les goujons annulaires (anneaux) sont logés dansdes rainures fraisées à cet effet, les crampons sont enfoncésdans le bois par pression.

Rapport entre la masse de bois avec une teneur en eau définieet son volume.

Éléments de matériaux de grandes dimensions (plaques,poutres) obtenus par l’assemblage d’éléments de bois pluspetits tels que planches, panneaux, copeaux et fibres.

Assemblage oblique de deux pièces de charpente concou-rantes, sollicité à la compression et au cisaillement simple.

Teneur en eau du bois soumis pendant une longue période àune humidité relative de l’air donnée pour une températuredéterminée.

Inégalité dans l’équarrissage d’une pièce de bois qui laisseapparaître une portion de la surface de la grume.


liberBastlibrobast

panneau de fibresFaserplattepannello di fibre fibre board

panneau de particulesSpanplattepannello di trucioli particle board

panneaux OSBOSB-Plattenpannello OSB oriented strand board

panneau stratifiéFurnierschichtholz (LVL)legno impiallacciato laminated veneer lumber

saturation des fibresFasersättigungsaturazione delle fibre fibre saturation point

teneur en eau du boisHolzfeuchteumidità del legno moisture content

tri mécanique des boisMaschinelle Sortierungclassificazione a macchinamachine grading

Couche intérieure de l’écorce.

Matériau en forme de plaques, fabriqué à l’aide de fibres etd’éclats de bois ramollis pressés à chaud jusqu’à l’obtention dela densité voulue.

Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage et pressage àchaud de particules de bois ayant une orientation aléatoire quiconduit à un comportement quasi isotrope.

Oriented Strand Board.Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage et pressage àchaud de particules de bois élancées et orientées dans chaquecouche. Le comportement est donc lié à la direction.

Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage de plis de boisdont les fibres des différentes couches sont plus ou moinsparallèles.

État hygroscopique limite pour lequel les fibres du bois contien-nent une quantité maximale d’eau adsorbée sans eau libredans le vide des cellules. La saturation des fibres est atteintelors de l’entreposage du bois dans une atmosphère à 100%d’humidité relative. Selon l’essence, la teneur en eau atteintalors de 24 à 33%.

Masse d’eau dans le bois, exprimée en pourcentage de lamasse volumique à sec.

Classement de résistance du bois au moyen de machines.


1 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 Technical terms

In the present code the specific technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms used hereare defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261. Other specific technical terms used here are defined in SIA 262.

Ancillary componentsErgänzungsbauteileéléments incorporés elementi strutturali complementari

Autoclave aerated concrete blockPorenbetonsteinaggloméré de béton cellulairemattone in calcestruzzo poroso

Bed face Lagerflächeassise superficie d’appoggio

Bed joint Lagerfugejoint d’assisefuga orizzontale

Bed joint reinforcementLagerfugenbewehrungarmature des joints d’assisearmatura della fuga orizzontale

BondMauerverbandappareildisposizione dei mattoni

Calcium silicate block Kalksandsteinbrique silico-calcairemattone silico calcare

Clay brickBacksteinbrique de terre cuitemattone di terracotta

Compressive strength of masonryMauerwerksdruckfestigkeitrésistance à la compression de la maçonnerieresistenza della muratura a compressione

Compressive strength of masonry unit Steindruckfestigkeitrésistance à la compression des briques et agglomérésresistenza del mattone a compressione

Components, which are used to supplement the masonry, de-pending on the application.

Porous hydrothermally bonded concrete masonry unit usingagent to form pores.

Top or bottom face of a masonry unit after placement accord-ing to plan.

Layer of mortar between the bed faces of masonry units.

Prefabricated reinforcement for placing in bed joints.

Arrangement of the masonry units with staggering of the heador bed joints in adjacent layers.

Hydrothermally bonded masonry unit.

Fired masonry unit.

Compressive strength of masonry determined by means ofstandard tests on small scale specimens under centric loadingnormal to the bed or head joints.

Strength of individual masonry units determined from standardcompression tests.


Compressive strength of mortar specimens determined fromstandard tests.

Cement-bonded masonry unit.

Concrete of suitable consistency and of given aggregate grainsize, used to infill cavities in masonry.

Layer of sealing strips, masonry units or other material for usein masonry to prevent the rising or penetration of water.

Masonry, in which the loadbearing and protective functions aredistributed between two leaves of a wall placed at a certain dis-tance from each other; in general, the two leaves are designeddifferently.

Expert mortar work on the bed joints, without mortar in thehead joints (head-to-head contact of the faces of the masonryunits).

Factory-proportioned mortar delivered to site where underspecified conditions water is added to the mix.

Reinforced masonry with increased plastic deformation capacity.

Period after mixing, during which the mortar has to be worked.

Facing masonry with increased durability against driving rain,moisture and frost.

Material between a void and the external surface of a masonryunit.

Masonry which remains exposed.

Expert mortar work for the bed and head joints with doublebedding, depending on the type of masonry or wall thicknessalso with single or multiple bedding.

Compressive strength of mortar Mörteldruckfestigkeitrésistance à la compression du mortierresistenza della malta a compressione

Concrete blockZementsteinaggloméré de bétonmattone di cemento

Concrete infillFüllbetonbéton de remplissagecalcestruzzo di riempimento

Damp-proof courseFeuchtigkeitssperrschichtcouche étanche à l'humiditémanto impermeabile

Double-leaf cavity wallZweischalenmauerwerkmur à double paro imuratura doppia

Dry head joint constructionknirsch vermauernhourdage à joints verticaux à secmuratura con fughe verticali a secco

Dry ready-mixed mortarWerktrockenmörtelMortier sec d’usinemalta premiscelata

Ductile masonry duktiles Mauerwerkmaçonnerie ductilemuratura dutile

Duration of workabilityVerarbeitbarkeitszeitdurée d’ouvrabilitétempo di lavorazione

Exterior facing masonrybewittertes Sichtmauerwerkmaçonnerie de parementmuratura facciavista esterna

Exterior webAussenstegâme extérieureanima esterna

Facing masonry Sichtmauerwerkmaçonnerie apparentemuratura facciavista

Filled joint constructionvollfugig vermauernhourdage à joints pleinsmuratura con fughe verticali piene


Cross-sectional area of a masonry unit or masonry without de-duction of the areas of voids, openings and recesses.

Pourable mix of cement, sand, water and possibly additives toinfill voids.

Mortar-filled joint normal to bed joint and to wall surface.

Facing masonry without increased durability against drivingrain, moisture and frost.

Material between the voids in a masonry unit.

Height of a masonry unit and a bed joint.

Lightweight cement-bonded masonry unit.

Lightweight porous hydrothermally bonded concrete masonryunit using agent to form pores.

Lightweight fired masonry unit.

Beam-like ancillary component to bridge door or window open-ings in masonry.

Masonry units arranged in a specific way in several layers andbonded together using mortar, sometimes with added reinforce-ment and/or infill concrete.

Masonry units and mortar as well as in some cases non-pre-stressed or prestressed reinforcement and/or concrete infill.

Gross area Bruttoflächesurface brutesuperficie lorda

GroutVergussmörtelmortier de remplissagemalta per iniezione

Head jointStossfugejoint verticalfuga verticale

Interior facing masonrynicht bewittertes Sichtmauerwerkmaçonnerie apparente non soumise auxintempériesmuratura facciavista interna

Interior web Innenstegâme intérieureanima interna

Layer height Schichthöhehauteur d’assisesaltezza di un corso di muratura

Lightweight aggregate concrete block Leichtzementsteinaggloméré de béton légermattone leggero di cemento

Lightweight autoclave aerated concreteblockPorenbetonleichtsteinaggloméré de béton cellulaire légermattone leggero in calcestruzzo poroso

Lightweight clay brickLeichtbacksteinbrique de terre cuite légèremattone leggero di terracotta

LintelSturzlinteauarchitrave

MasonryMauerwerkmaçonneriemuratura

Masonry componentsMauerwerkskomponentencomposants de la maçonneriecomponenti della muratura


Execution plan, in which the exact arrangement and the rele-vant properties of the masonry components and the ancillarycomponents are specified.

Artificially produced or worked natural stone for use in masonryconstruction.

Flexural strength of masonry determined from standard tests.

Mix of anorganic binders, aggregate and water, possibly withadditives and admixtures, for use in masonry construction.

Joint between two structural members, which permits a limitedmovement at the joint boundaries.

Structural member, which in the case of fire can be subjectedto fire on several sides.

Dividing wall subjected to fire on one side, which prevents thethroughflow of flames or hot gases and limits the temperatureincrease on the side opposite to that subjected to the fire.

Layer of plaster applied to surface of masonry, providing pro-tection and/or decorative appearance.

Filling and finishing joints after removal of mortar from externalpart of joints.

Masonry, which is produced in the factory or on site as an ele-ment and is assembled with the other structural members onsite.

Masonry, to which a specified compressive stress is applied bymeans of prestressed reinforcement.

Water absorption capacity of a masonry unit per unit surfacearea and unit time under standard conditions of submersion.

Masonry plan Schichtenplanplan d’assisespiano della muratura

Masonry unitMauersteinparpaing (brique ou aggloméré)mattone

Modulus of rupture of masonryMauerwerksbiegezugfestigkeitrésistance à la traction par flexion de la maçonnerieresistenza della muratura a trazione per flessione

MortarMauermörtelmortiermalta per muratura

Movement jointBewegungsfugejoint de dilatationgiunto di dilatazione

Non-partitioning elementnicht raumabschliessendes Bauteilélément d’ouvrage dans un espace non ferméelemento non taglia fuoco

Partition wallraumabschliessende Wandmur de séparationparete taglia fuoco

PlasterVerputzcrépiintonaco

Pointingnachträgliche Verfugungjointoiement ultérieurstuccatura dei giunti

Prefabricated masonryvorfabriziertes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie préfabriquéemuratura prefabbricata

Prestressed masonryvorgespanntes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie précontraintemuratura precompressa

Rate of water absorptionkapillare Wasseraufnahmeabsorption d’eau par capillaritéassorbimento d’acqua per capillarità


Mortar proportioned and mixed in the factory and delivered tothe site.

Masonry, in which reinforcing bars or meshes are placed inmortar or concrete infill, so that all masonry components inter-act to withstand the applied forces.

Wall that resists in-plane horizontal forces.

Masonry in stretcher or header bond, whose thickness corre-sponds to the width or length of a masonry unit.

Mortar produced on site with materials weighed and mixed there.

Masonry, which fulfils increased requirements of sound-proof-ing.

Masonry with standardised mechanical properties.

Usually a wall placed perpendicular to another wall which actsas a support in resisting horizontal forces.

Ancillary component to connect masonry to adjacent structuralmembers.

Masonry, made up in the transverse direction of alternating ma-sonry units of different or identical widths, so that the masonryunits overlap in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

Masonry with properties certified by the manufacturer or thesupplier.

Ability of masonry components to interact as a system in a par-ticular intended way, fulfilling the corresponding code require-ments.

Masonry with increased resistance against heat transmission.

Ready-mixed mortarWerkfrischmörtelmortier frais d’usinemalta fresca preconfezionata

Reinforced masonrybewehrtes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie arméemuratura armata

Shear wallSchubwandmur soumis au cisaillement parete resistente al taglio

Single-leaf wallEinsteinmauerwerkmaçonnerie de parpaingsmuratura semplice

Site-mixed mortarBaustellenmörtelmortier de chantiermalta prodotta in cantiere

Sound insulating masonry schalldämmendes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie insonore muratura insonorizzante

Standard masonryStandardmauerwerkmaçonnerie standardmuratura standardizzata

Stiffening wallaussteifende Wandmur de contreventementparete di controventamento

StrapZugbandtirantt irante

Structural bond masonryVerbandmauerwerkmaçonnerie de boutisses et panneressesmuratura disposta a blocchi

Supplier-certified masonrydeklariertes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie spécifiéemuratura tipo

System compatibilitySystemtauglichkeitcompatibilité au système compatibilità del sistema

Thermal insulating masonrywärmedämmendes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie isolante thermiquementmuratura isolante termicamente


Mortar for use in 2 to 3 mm thick joints.

Compressive strength under negligible lateral restraint, deter-mined on specimens consisting of three masonry units withintermediate layers of rubber plates with specified properties.

Unreinforced masonry or masonry with reinforcement not con-sidered in the verifications of structural safety and serviceability.

Masonry, which in general as an external skin of a building isanchored to the structure, e.g. as an external leaf of a double-leaf cavity wall.

Prefabricated hole in a masonry unit, which passes completelyor partially through the masonry unit.

Cross-sectional area of voids in relation to the gross area.

Ancillary component to connect a veneer masonry with a skel-eton or a wall construction.

Thin layer mortar Dünnbettmörtelmortier-colleletto di malta sottile

Transverse tensile force of masonry unitSteinquerzugfestigkeitrésistance à la traction transversale des parpaings resistenza del mattone alla trazione t rasversale

Unreinforced masonryunbewehrtes Mauerwerkmaçonnerie non arméemuratura non armata

Veneer masonryVorsatzmauerwerkmaçonnerie de doublagemuratura di rivestimento

Void Lochalvéoleforo

Void ratio Lochflächenanteilproportion d’alvéolespercentuale fori-superficie

Wall tie Mauerankerancrage pour maçonneriestaffa


1 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 Technical terms

In the present code the specific technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms are definedin SIA 260 and SIA 261 and specific technical terms are defined in SIA 262 to 266.

Active earth pressureaktiver Erddruckpoussée activespinta att iva

Alarm valueAlarmwertseuil d'alarmesoglia d'allarme

Alert valueMeldewertseuil d'avertissementsoglia di sicurezza

AnchorAnkertirantt irante

Anchor headAnkerkopftête du tiranttesta del tirante

Anchor with a monitoring facilityKontrollankertirant de contrôletirante di controllo

Anchor with a permanently installed load cellMessankertirant de mesuretirante di misura

AnchorageVerankerungancrageancoraggio

Bored pileBohrpfahlpieu forépalo trivellato

Cased bored pileverrohrter Bohrpfahlpieu foré tubépalo trivellato con rivestimento

Cast-in-situ pileOrtbetonpfahl pieu moulé en placepalo gettato in opera

Least possible earth pressure which develops behind a wallwhen the structure moves away from the soil.

Value of a control parameter at which safety measures have tobe carried out immediately.

Value of a control parameter, at which the execution work orthe structure have to be monitored more closely.

Structural element that transmits force to the ground by meansof a tensile member.

Part of the anchor that transmits the anchor force to the ancho-red structure or directly to the ground to be supported.

Anchor on which checks and measurements can be carriedout.

Anchor that is fitted with a load cell allowing measurement ofthe prestressing force at any time.

The entirety of the anchoring measures that contribute to thebearing capacity of the structure primarily by transmitting ten-sile forces to the ground.

Pile which without displacement of the ground is installed in apreviously or simultaneously drilled borehole.

Pile that is constructed by simultaneously or subsequentlyadvancing the casing.

Concrete pile that is cast directly in the ground.


Coefficient of subgrade reactionBettungsmodulmodule de réactionmodulo di reazione

Compaction pressureVerdichtungsdruckpression de compactagepressione di compattazione

Compressibility modulus Steifemodulmodule de déformationmodulo di deformazione

Compression pileDruckpfahlpieu en compressionpalo a compressione

Control valueLenkungsgrössegrandeur pilotevalore di controllo

Creep pressureKriechdruckpression de fluagepressione di scorrimento viscoso

Creep rateKriechmasstaux de fluagetasso dello scorrimento viscoso

Critical height of a slopef reie Standhöhehauteur autostablealtezza critica

CutAnschnittt ranchéetrincea

Deep foundationTieffundationfondation profondefondazione profonda

Deformation modulus Verformungsmodulmodule de déformationmodulo di compressibilità

Deformation resistanceVerformungswiderstandrésistance induite par la déformationresistenza alla deformazione

DewateringEntwässerungépuisement des eauxprosciugamento, drenaggio

DowelDübelboulonbullone

Parameter to describe the deformability of the ground at theground surface.

Earth pressure increase due to compaction of the ground.

Parameter to describe the deformability of soil. The compres-sibility modulus Es is usually obtained from the oedometer test(zero lateral strain).

Pile that resists compressive forces.

Observable or measurable parameter of a geotechnical orstructural property to monitor the quality (i.e. performance) ofthe behaviour of the ground or the structure.

Action of creeping soil or rock on an immoveable structure.

Slope of the time-displacement curve in a semi-logarithmiccreep diagram under constant force: k = (∆l2–∆l1)/log(t2/t1)

Height up to which a vertical, unloaded and unsupported sloperemains stable.

Vertical or inclined slope resulting from the excavation of soil.

Foundation by means of which loads and forces are transmit-ted to a deep layer in the ground.

Parameter to describe the deformability of the ground. Thedeformation modulus EV (also designated ME) is usually deter-mined with the plate bearing test.

Resistance produced by the stiffness of the soil to a displace-ment of the structure.

Temporary or permanent measure of a technical or organicnature to remove water from the ground.

Rod-like structural element that mainly resists shear forces, butcan also resist tensile forces.


DowellingVerdübelungboulonnagechiodatura

Drainage systemDrainagedrainagedrenaggio

Driven pileRammpfahlpieu battupalo battuto

Dynamic investigationdynamische Untersuchungreconnaissances dynamiquesindagine dinamica

Earth pressureErddruckpoussée des terresspinta del terreno

Earth pressure at restErdruhedruckpoussée des terres au reposspinta del terreno a riposo

Effective free tendon lengthwirksame freie Ankerlängelongueur libre effective du tirantlunghezza libera efficace del tirante

EmbankmentDammdiguediga

End-bearing pileStandpfahlpieu appuyé en pointe, pieu colonnepalo di punta

ExcavationBaugrubefouillescavo

FillSchüttungremblairiporto, rilevato

Fixed tendon lengthVerankerungslängelongueur de scellementlunghezza del bulbo di ancoraggio

Flow pressureFliessdruckpression d'écoulementspinta di scorrimento

Fluvial erosionErosionérosionerosione

The entirety of the constructional measures that contribute tothe bearing capacity of the structure primarily by increasing theshear resistance in the ground using dowels.

Removal of water from the soil by means of drainage pipes.

Pile that is driven into the soil by ramming or vibrating, displa-cing the soil at the same time and in the case of grouted drivenpiles the pile is filled with cement grout.

Geotechnical: investigation to determine the dynamic geotech-nical parameters and the dynamic behaviour of the ground.

The force or stress at the contact area between the soil and thestructure.

The earth pressure that acts in undisturbed or reconsolidatedsoil without any displacement of the structure.

Length over which the tension member is free to strain whentensioned.

Structure with slopes and a crest that results from the place-ment of fill material.

Pile in which the force is transmitted to the ground mainlythrough the base of the pile.

Removal of material (soil or rock) at the ground surface for thepurpose of erecting a structure.

Body of soil with or without slopes created by heaping up fillmaterial.

Length over which the force is transmitted through the ancho-rage.

Action produced on an immovable structure by flowing soil.

Hydraulics: erosion or removal of soil caused by the seepageforce of water.


FoundationFundationfondationfondazione

Free tendon lengthf reie Ankerlängelongueur libre du tirantlunghezza libera del tirante

Friction pileReibungspfahlpieu de frottementpalo ad attrito

Geotechnical model Baugrundmodell modélisation du terrainmodello geotecnico

Geotechnical parameters Baugrundwerteparamètres du terrain de fondationparametri geotecnici

Geotechnical riskgeotechnisches Risikorisque géotechniquerischio geotecnico

Geotechnical valuegeotechnischer Wertvaleur géotechniquevalore geotecnico

Gravity wallSchwergewichtsmauermur poidsmuro a gravità

GroundBaugrundterrain de fondationterreno

GroundwaterGrundwassereau souterrainefalda freatica

Groundwater controlGrundwasserhaltunginterventions sur le régime des eaux souterrainesinterventi sul regime della falda freatica

Groundwater flow in slopesHangwassereau de versantfalda del versante

Groundwater loweringGrundwasserabsenkungrabattement de nappe ou des eaux souterrainesabbassamento del livello di falda

Grouted pileInjektionspfahlpieu injectépalo iniettato

The entirety of the measures used to transmit the loads andforces of a structure to the ground.

Length between head of an anchor and the start of the fixedtendon length, which is determined by the structural and geo-technical calculations.

Pile in which the force is transmitted to the ground mainly byskin friction along the shaft of the pile.

Idealised description of the ground using geotechnical para-meters.

Geometrical and geotechnical parameters to describe the geo-logical structure and properties of the ground.

Hazard to a construction project, structure or an area of liferesulting from the behaviour of the ground.

Value describing a material-technological property of soil orrock.

Wall that retains water or earth material solely by means ofself-weight with an insignificant bending effect.

Ground consisting of soil or rock in the area of a constructionproject or a foundation.

Water, flowing or stationary, filling the connected system ofvoids in soil or rock.

Temporary or permanent measure to lower, raise or regulatethe water table or to relieve the pore water pressure.

Continuous or dispersed flow of water in a slope.

Temporary or permanent lowering of the water table.

Pile in which during or after installation mortar or cement grout-ing is carried out.


Homogeneous zoneHomogenbereichzone homogènezona omogenea

Hydraulic failure, pipinghydraulischer Grundbruchrenard hydrauliquecollasso per sifonamento

Increased active earth pressureerhöhter aktiver Erddruckpoussée active majoréespinta att iva maggiorata

Jacked pilePresspfahlpieu foncépalo pressato

NailNagelclouchiodo

Nailed soilNagelwandparoi clouéeparete chodata

Negative skin friction, downdragnegat ive Mantelreibungfrottement négatifattrito laterale negat ivo

Non-prestressed anchorungespannter Ankertirant passift irante passivo

Observational methodBeobachtungsmethodeméthode observationnellemetodo d'osservazione

Pad footing, isolated footingEinzelfundamentsemelle isoléeplinto isolato

Passive earth pressurepassiver Erddruckpoussée passivespinta passiva

Permanent anchorpermanenter Ankertirant permanenttirante permanente

PilePfahlpieupalo

Pile foundationPfahlfundationfondation sur pieuxfondazione su pali

Zone in which the geotechnical properties lie within specifiedlimits.

Instability involving upward flow or disintegration of soil due towater pressures or seepage forces.

Earth pressure intermediate between active earth pressureand earth pressure at rest.

Pile that is pressed into the ground under a static force withsimultaneous displacement of soil.

Type of anchor whose primary function is to transmit either ten-sile forces or tensile and shear forces into the ground.

A steep slope constructed in steps and supported by nails usu-ally together with a sprayed concrete lining acting as connec-ting element and providing corrosion protection.

Friction force acting on pile shaft induced by soil settlementrelative to the pile.

Anchor which transmits mainly tensile forces to the ground.For non-prestressed anchors at time t = 0 either zero or only asmall prestressing force is applied.

In the case of an insufficiently reliable basis for dimensioningthis offers a possible procedure for the design, execution anduse of a structure, accepting certain risks, with an estimate ofthe behaviour and the specification of corresponding limit va-lues including the associated monitoring and safety measures.

Foundation for a column or to transmit a concentrated load orforce to the ground.

Greatest possible earth pressure which develops behind a wallwhen the structure moves towards the soil.

Prestressed anchor with a working life of more than 2 years ora non-prestressed anchor with a working life of more than 5years.

Slender structural element to transmit loads and forces (com-pressive, tensile and shear forces) to the ground.

Type of foundation that transmits loads and forces to theground by means of piles.


Piled raft foundationPfahl-Plattenfundation fondation mixtefondazione mista palo-platea

Pore water pressurePorenwasserdruckpression interstitiellepressione interstiziale

Prefabricated pile vorgefertigter Pfahlpieu préfabriquépalo prefabbricato

Prestressed anchorvorgespannter Ankertirant précontraintt irante precompresso

Raft foundationPlattenfundament radierplatea di fondazione

Retaining structureStützbauwerkouvrage de soutènementopera di sostegno

Retaining wallStützwandparoi de soutènementparete di sostegno

Seepage forceStrömungskraftforce d'écoulementforza di filtrazione

Sensitive soilstrukturempfindlicher Bodensol à structure sensibleterreno sensitivo

Shear pile, dowel pileSchubpfahlpieu en cisaillementpalo a taglio

Site investigationBaugrunduntersuchungreconnaissance du terrainindagine geognostica o geotecnica

Slope: artificialBöschungtalusscarpata

Slope: naturalHangpentependio

SoilBodensolterreno sciolto

Combined foundation type by which the loads and forces aretransmitted to the ground both through the raft foundation andthrough the piles.

Water pressure acting in the pores of soil or rock.

Pile which before installation is fabricated in whole or in part ofreinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Anchor which primarily transmits tensile forces to the ground.With a prestressed anchor, after applying the tensioning forceas a result of external actions only small changes of the pre-stressing force occur, which lie within specified limits.

Foundation that stretches over the whole area of a structure orpart of it.

Wall support system that is able to carry horizontal or verticalloads or forces and transmit them to the ground.

Relatively slender wall which is loaded in bending and is usu-ally supported by anchors, struts and/or the passive earth resi-stance.

Friction force produced by seepage forces acting in the soil inthe direction of flow.

Soil, e.g. lacustrine deposits, whose grain structure can collap-se and/or be compacted as a result of static or dynamicactions.

Pile which transmits the shear forces acting transversely to theaxis of the pile to the ground.

Obtaining information on the geology, geotechnical propertiesand behaviour of the ground, including the groundwater condi-tions.

Man-made inclination of the ground surface produced by exca-vation or fill work.

Natural inclination of the ground surface.

Geotechnical: ground consisting of loose or soft material (asopposed to solid, hard rock).


Soil liquefactionBodenverflüssigungliquéfaction du solliquefazione del terreno

Soil nailingVernagelungclouagechiodatura

Soil resistanceErdwiderstandrésistance du solresistenza del terreno

Soil sensitive to earthquakeserdbebenempfindlicher Bodenterrain sensible aux séismesterreno sensibile al terremoto

Soil surchargeErdauflastpoids des terrespeso del terreno

Spread foundationFlachfundationfondation superficiellefondazione superficiale

Strip footingStreifenfundamentsemelle filantefondazione continua

SupportAbstützungblindage par étayageappogio, sostegno

Swelling pressureQuelldruckpression de gonflementpressione di rigonfiamento

Temporary anchortemporärer Ankertirant temporairetirante temporaneo

TendonZuggliedarmature de tractionelemento a trazione

Tendon lengthAnkerlängelongueur du tirantlunghezza del tirante

Tension pileZugpfahl pieu en tractionpalo a trazione

Test anchorVersuchsankertirant d'essait irante di prova

Loss of shear strength and stiffness in loose deposits of satu-rated cohesionless soil due to static or dynamic action.

Stabilising the ground under a structure by means of nails.

Resistance of the soil to a structure when it moves towards thesoil.

Soil, e.g. saturated sands, fine sands and silt, that is prone toliquefy, compact or lose its shear strength under cyclic or dyna-mic load.

Imposed pressure due to earth resting on a structure.

Shallow foundation that transmits the loads and forces mainlythrough the base of the foundation.

Spread foundation whose length is substantially greater thanits width; suitable for a wall or row of columns.

Excavation: system of walings and struts (braces) providingstructural support.

Pressure produced by swelling soil or rock under restrainedlateral strain.

Prestressed anchor with a limited working life, normally a maxi-mum of 2 years or an unstressed anchor with a limited workinglife, normally a maximum of 5 years.

Part of the anchor used to transmit the anchor force from theanchor head to the anchorage zone.

Distance between the anchor head and the end of the anchor.

Pile to resist tensile forces.

Specially constructed anchor on which tests are carried out toprovide the basis for selecting, dimensioning and the qualitycontrol of the working anchors.


Test pileVersuchspfahlpieu d'essaipalo di prova

Total soil resistanceBaugrundwiderstandrésistance du terrainresistenza del terreno

Uncased bored pileunverrohrter Bohrpfahlpieu foré non tubépalo trivellato senza rivestimento

UpliftAuftriebpoussée d'Archimèdespinta d'Archimede

Water table controlGrundwasserregulierungrégulation de la napperegolazione del livello di falda

Working anchorBauwerksankertirant d'ouvragetirante di servizio

Working pileBauwerkspfahlpieu d'ouvragepalo di servizio

Pile on which pile load tests are carried out to dimension thepiles used in the construction works.

Limit of the resistance of the ground (passive soil resistance,ultimate bearing capacity, sliding resistance, shearing resi-stance).

Pile bored without use of casing.

Vertically upwards directed hydraulic force, whose magnitudeequals the amount of water displaced by the body.

Temporary or permanent measure to maintain the level of thewater table within a specified range.

Anchor that fulfils its structural function.

Pile that fulfils its structural function.

Documents

Glosario Normas SIA (Suiza)