Glosar Juridic RO en RO

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    INTERNATIONAL LAW DICTIONARY AND DIRECTORY

    abstract = extras/compendiu

    (upon) acceleration = in avans

    account party: The person who requests a bankor some other person to issue a letter of credit.

    account balance = regularizare

    accounting records, entries of receipts and payments, record of assets and liabilities

    accretion: (From atin accretio:!increase.!" The slow and imperceptible addition of land to a state#s

    territor$.

    acquiescence: (From French acquiescer:!to $ield to%! from atin acquiescere% !to be quiet.!" To accept or

    compl$ passivel$ or tacitl$ without impl$ing assent or agreement.

    acquisition by prescription / adverse possession = uzucapiune

    action in subrogation = actiune in regres

    adjective law = drept procedural/ procedural law -------substantive law = drept material

    affirmative/negative covenants = oblig. de a face/de a nu face ceva

    aforethought = premeditat

    aggregate causes of action = toate capetele de cerere

    appurtenance = servitute / accesoriu al unui drept / easement appurtenant& an easement to benefit

    another tract of land% the use of the easement being incident to the ownership of that other tract

    avoidance of tax = sustragere de la plata impozitului

    actionable subsidy: ' subsid$ that ma$ be challenged as trade distorting if it inures the domestic

    industr$ of another )orld Trade *rganizationmember state% nullifies or impairs the benefits due another

    member state% or causes or threatens to cause serious preudice to the interests of another member state.

    actual nullity/substantive nullity = nulitate de fapt / nulitate de fond

    advising ban!' bankengaged b$ the issuer of a letter of creditto advise the beneficiar$ that it has a

    credit for deliver$ and to deliver the credit upon verification of the beneficiar$#s signature.

    agency endorsement: 'n endorsement to a negotiable instrumentwhich requires the endorsee to pa$

    the proceeds from the negotiation of the instrument to the endorser or a designated third part$.

    aging analysis = analiza vechimii soldurilor

    air waybill: 'n instrument issued b$ an air carrier to a shipper that serves as a receipt for goods and as

    evidence of the contract of carriage% but is not a document of title for the goods. & scrisoare de transport

    aerian/ fraht aerian

    amenity = amenaari

    anticipatory avoidance: +emed$ available to either part$ when it becomes clear that the other part$

    will commit a fundamental breach.

    abuse of process/abuse of legal process/malicious abuse of process/wrongful process (of

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    law) = viciu de procedura

    acquittal & ,. achitare / -. &acquittance& stingere a unor obligatii /datorii

    "ct of #od& calamitati naturale vs$ %orce &ajeure& caz de f.m. & both acts of od/nature acts of

    people

    aggrieved party& parte vatamata

    appellant = recurenta

    appraisal rights/ right of dissent and appraisal = statutor$ right of corporate shareholders who oppose

    some extraordinar$ corporate action (such as a merger" to have their shares udiciall$ appraised and to

    demand that the corporation bu$ back their shares at the appraised value.

    arm's length principle: Transactions between affiliated firms must be carried on as if the$ were unrelated

    companies dealing at arm#s length. & principiu declarat inaintea inceperii negocierilorarrearages = arierate

    asset-striping = eliminarea activelor nerentabile

    assignment: The transfer of all or part of an assignor#s contractual rights to an assignee. & cesiune

    attachment of earnings/wages = poprire pe salariu

    attorney-in-fact = imputernicit

    avulsion: (From atin avell: !to pull from.!" The sudden and abrupt change in the border between two

    lands% without change in ownership.baclog = restanta / registru de sarcini / (of demand" 0 cereri nesatisfacute / (of materials" 0 materiale

    neprelucrate / (of orders" 0 portofoliu de comenzi neonorate

    bad debts = creante nerecuperabile

    balancing test: ' urisdictional test used b$ 1nited 2tates courts. 'ccording to this test% foreign

    businesses will be subect to 1nited 2tatesantitrust laws (e.g.% the 3la$ton 'ctand the 2herman 'ntitrust

    'ct"if factors showing a connection to the 1nited 2tatesoutweigh those showing a foreign connection

    banruptcy judge =udecator sindic

    barometer / bellwether (berbec cu talanga) stocs& actiuni (de obicei detinute la societati sigure" care

    indica evolutia pietei

    bearer paper: ' bill of exchange or promissor$ note that is pa$able to the bearer or to cash. = titlu de

    valoare la purtator

    beneficial owner = uzufructuar / beneficial interest = uzufruct

    (to file) briefing = a pune concluii

    budget bond title = titlu de creanta begetara

    bill of exchange: ' written% dated% and signed three4part$ instrument containing an unconditional order b$

    a drawer that directs a drawee to pa$ a definite sum of mone$ to a pa$ee on demand or at a specified

    future date. 'lso known as a draft. & cambie / polita / trata

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    bill of lading: 'n instrument issued b$ a warehouseman or carrier to a shipper that serves as a receipt

    for goods shipped% as evidence of the contract of carriage% and as a document of title for the goods. &

    scrisoare de trasura / conosament

    blue-chip (adj$) = secure/law4risk / blue chips& actiuni detinute la societati care nu implica un grad de

    risc ridicat

    bonded warehouse!' facilit$ at a port of entr$ where shippers can store goods until the$ clear customs.

    bottle-nec principle: 5articipants in an industr$4wide patent pool must grant reasonable access to the

    pool to an$ f irm wishing to compete so that no firm will be disadvantaged.

    branch = sucursala

    bridging loan: 2hort4term loan that allows a debtor to meet its current obligations until a permanent loan

    can be obtained.

    budgetary debt certificate = certificat de obligatii bugetare

    building societies = societati de credit imobiliar

    burden of proof (onus probandi): The responsibilit$ of proving a disputed charge or allegation. =sarcina probei

    theburden of proof includes theburden of persuasion (part$6s dut$ to convince the fact4finder to view

    the facts in a wa$ that favours that part$" and the burden of production (part$6s dut$ to introduce

    enough evidence7."

    business interruption insurance (loss of earnings, loss of profit insurance) = asigurare contra

    pierderilor in exploatare

    business trust: 8n common law countries% a business arrangement in which the owners of a propert$%

    known as beneficiaries% transfer legal title to that propert$ to a trustee who then manages it for them. The

    beneficiaries hold transferable trust certificates entitling them to the income generated b$ the propert$ and

    a residual equitable share at the time the trust is terminated. The trustee has unlimited personal liabilit$

    while the beneficiaries have limited personal liabilit$.

    buyer in the ordinary course of business& cumparator (in mod regulat" de buna credinta

    bybid = licitatie fictiva

    alvo lause: ' clause in an agreement between a host state and a foreign investor that sa$s that the

    investor will not seek the diplomatic assistance of its home state in resolving disputes with the host state.

    carrier & operator de telefonie mobila (context de telecomunicatii" / companie de transport

    marfa/pasageri (contextual" / societate de asigurari (contextual"

    * carrybac of a loss or credit = deduceri raportate la o perioada anterioara aferente unei pierderi sau

    unui credit

    cash dispenser = masina automata de eliberare de numerar catre posesorii de carduri & "+& &

    automated teller machine

    cash tracing reports = rapoarte de evidenta a situatiei lichiditatilor

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    cash pooling arrangements = acorduri de fuzionare a lichiditatilor

    casual labor = mana de lucru ocazionala

    ceiling price = limita/plafon de pret

    certified from a professional standpoint = atestat profesional

    *ertificate of charges = certificat fiscal

    collateral estoppel = autoritatea de lucru udecat

    estoppel: (From *ld French estoupail: !stopper! or !bung.!" egal rule that one cannot

    make an allegation or denial of fact that is contrar$ to one#s previous actions or words. &

    autoritatea de lucru judecat

    commitment charge = comision de angaament

    *condition precedent = conditie suspensiva/conditie precedenta

    consent decree = sentinta judecatoreasca acceptata de ambele parti

    consequential / incidental damages& daune indirecte

    contractors all ris insurance = asigurare pentru toate riscurile din constructiicotenancy = tenanc$ with two or more coowners who have unit$ of possession/ proprietate in

    indiviiune(cuprinde atat tenancy in common = tenanc$ with two or more coowners who take identical

    interests simultaneousl$ b$ the same instrument and with the same right of possession 0 each oint tenant

    has a right of survivorship& cat si joint tenancy = tenanc$ b$

    two or more persons in equal or unequal undivided shares% each person having an equal right to possess

    the whole propert$ but no right of survivorship"

    covenant = angaament/obligatie

    counterclaim = cerere reconventionala

    country ris insurance = asigurare contra riscului de tara

    court pronouncing decisions on the merits = instanta de fond

    credit worthiness = bonitate financiara

    criminal prosecution/proceedings = urmarire penala

    curtilage = teren aferent cladirii

    capital gains: 8ncreases in the value of capital or other long4term investments. = castiguri de capital

    cartel: ' combination of independent business firms organized to regulate the production% pricing and

    marketing of goods b$ its members.

    case law: aw based upon udicial decision or precedent rather than statutes. = jurisprudenta/practica

    judiciara

    .certificate of deposit: ' promissor$ note issued b$ a bankin which the bank promises to repa$ mone$ it

    has received% plus interest% at a time certain. = certificat de depoit

    (to be) challenged as unlawful = a fi atacat pentru ilegalitate

    characteristic performance test: 3hoice of lawtest for determining the law governing an international

    contract in the absence of a choice b$ the parties. The law to be applied is that of the countr$ of the part$

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    who is obligated to deliver the !characteristic performance of the contract!9 i.e.% performance in kind% not in

    mone$. (For example% the seller#s performance in a contract for the sale of goods".

    charter: ' document outlining the principles% functions% and organization of a uridical entit$.

    4eg.: municipal charter / home4rule charter

    corporate charter& certificate of incorporation & often the articles of incorporation

    corporate bylaws = are usu. enacted apart from the articles of incorporation= regulation

    civil law silent partnership: ' secret relationship between two or more persons% one of whom carries on

    a business in his name alone without revealing the participation of the other who has limited liabilit$. =

    societate in comandita

    classical system for integrating company and personal taxes: 3ompan$ taxes are imposed on a

    compan$#s earnings and personal taxes are imposed on distributed dividends.

    classified stoc: 2tock that is categorized according to the persons who ma$ own it or b$ the benefits it

    gives its owners.

    collusive action: (From atin cullosio: !a secret understanding.!" ' suit where the parties are not at odds

    but where the$ co4operate to obtain a udgement. & conventie tacita

    commercial paper: 'n alternative name for a negotiable instrument. & efect de schimb comercial

    (folosit ca mijloc de plata pe termen scurt)

    compensatory damages: one$ is to be paid for the cost of the inur$ suffered. &despagubiri

    consequential loss/completion daily insurance = asigurare pt. pierderi indirecte / intarziere in

    finalizarea lucrarilor

    consolidation: )hen two companies oin to become parts of one new compan$. = contopire

    merger = absorption of one compan$ that ceases to exist into another that retains its own

    name and identit$ and acquires the assets and liabilities of the former &

    fuiune

    buyout = purchase of all or a controlling percentage of the assets or shares of a business

    leveraged buyout = purchase of a publicl$ held corporation6s outstanding

    stock b$ its management or outside investors% financed mainl$ with funds

    borrowed from investment bankers or brokers and usu. secured b$ the

    corporation6s assets .0 =

    management buyout =bu$out of a corporation b$ its own directors and

    officers

    contentious jurisdiction: The power of a court to hear a matter that involves a dispute between two or

    more parties.

    credit system for relieving dual taxation: Tax paid in one state ma$ be used as credit for tax due in

    another state.

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    creeping expropriation: ' series of administrative acts that in combination result in depriving persons of

    their propert$.

    cumulative voting: ' s$stem of voting b$ which a voter% having a number of votes equal to the offices to

    be filled% ma$ concentrate the whole number upon one candidate% or ma$ distribute them as he sees fit.

    currency baset: ' selected group of currencies whose weighted average is used to define the amount

    of an obligation. = cos/grup de valute

    damages to reputation / emotional distress claims = daune morale

    *death row = people sentenced to death but still alive ; the area of a prison where those sentenced to

    death are confined. &

    default judgement =udecare in lipsa paratului

    default interest = dobanda moratorie

    dishonour = refuz de a plati un instrument de plata0 wrongful dishonour/ notice of dishonourdistress goods seied in satisfaction of a claim = drept de retentie/sechestru

    divestiture = operatiune de instrainare de active

    deceit / fraudulent misrepresentation/ fraud & dol = inselaciune

    de facto: 8n realit$% in fact% existing. de jure: (atin: !b$ right! or !b$ law.!" 'ccording to law.

    debt equity swap& conversie a actiunilor rezultate din debite

    debt funding: oans to a person or compan$. = imprumut/credit acordat unei persoane fiice sau

    juridice

    deemed income: 8ncome is deemed to have come from a particular place depending upon the activit$

    involved. & venit estimat

    deep seabed: The seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil be$ond the limits of national urisdiction (also

    called the !'rea!".

    defalcation = misappropriation of funds / embezzlement & delapidare

    defeasance = anulare/abrogare

    defendant& the other part$% in both civil and criminal actions & parat/acuat

    delict: (From atin delictum: !a fault.!" 8n civil law countries% an$ private wrong or inur$% or a minor public

    wrong or inur$. 4 tort

    demurrage: ' charge made b$ a ship owner when a charterer keeps a ship idle for more than the agreed4

    upon la$ da$s. = contrastalii taxa de stationare

    denial of justice: a defect in a countr$6s organisation of courts or administration of ustice% resulting in the

    countr$6s violating its international legal duties to protect aliens. &

    diminished capacity = lipsa de discernamant

    discharge (of obligation) = stingerea obligatiilor / descarcare de gestiune (contextual"

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    disposals = ,. acte de dispozitie -. vanzare

    dissenting opinion& opinie minoritara/ separata

    document of title to the goods& doc. de insotire a marfii

    docet& rolul (unei curti" / on the docket / udgement roll

    double taxation: The pa$ment of taxes on one source of income to two different states. = dubla

    impunere

    double/single-entry = contabilitate in partida dubla/simpla

    doubtful customers = clienti rau4platnici

    due = cotizatie

    duly annotated and signed = cu mentiunile necesare si semnate

    duly incorporated and legally operating = (soc." legal infiintata si care functioneaza in mod

    corespunzator

    durables = bunuri de folosinta indelungata

    effet utile: (French: !useful effect.!" +ule that a treat$ is to be interpreted so as to give practical effect toits provisions.

    endorsement: The act of a pa$ee% drawee% accommodation part$% or holder of a negotiable instrument in

    signing the back of the instrument% with or without qualif$ing words% to transfer rights in the instrument to

    another. = andosare / gir

    endorsement of executory title = investire cu formula executorie

    entrustment agreement = contract de imputernicire

    egragious violation = incalcare flagranta

    employability = mobilitatea fortei de munca/recalificare

    employers liability insurance& asigurare de raspundere a angaatorului

    equity funding: 8nvestments in the capital of a compan$. & plasament/investitie in actiuni

    estoppel per rem judicatam/estoppel by record& autoritatea de lucru udecat (penal"

    exequatur: (From atin exequi: to perform or to execute."

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    %ire 1revention 2 ontrol 1ermit

    firm offer: 'n offer which the offeror promises to keep open for a fixed period of time. = oferta ferma

    * for cause/without cause3$(termination) = (reziliere" pe baza unui motiv legal intemeiat / denuntare

    unilaterala

    force of attraction rule: =ecause a firm has a permanent establishment within a state% that state ma$ tax

    all of the firm#s income whether earned b$ the permanent establishment or not.

    foreign exchange ris insurance = asigurare contra riscului valutar

    foreseeability: The reasonable anticipation that some harm or inur$ is a likel$ result of an act or a failure

    to act.

    foreseeability test: ' breaching part$ is liable onl$ for those damages which he or she foresaw or ought

    to have foreseen.

    forgery: The false making or altering of a writing with the intent to defraud. = fals/u de fals/fals in

    declaratii

    forfeit = ga% amenda% penalizare% confiscare* forfeit clause = clauza de dezicere% de forfetare 0 forfeiture clause / commissoria lex & an agreement

    in which a seller could rescind the sale if the purchaser failed to pa$ for the item at the appointed time

    forfeited share = actiune anulata

    forfeiture of a patent = contrafacere

    forfeiture of shares = declaratie de decadere din drepturile de actionar

    fourth ran termination agreement = pact comisoriu de gradul 8>

    friendly society = casa de autor reciproc

    (to) furnish collateral = a prezenta o garantie% a gira

    * fraudulent transaction = manevra* tranzactie dolosiva

    friendly settlement: ' mutuall$ negotiated and agreed upon resolution of a dispute.

    full authority and legal competence

    fundamental breach: ' failure to perform that substantiall$ deprives the other part$ of that which he was

    entitled to expect.

    gap = bresa deficit% ecart% penurie

    genuiness of assent = consimtamant sincer

    gilts / gilt-edged securities& titluri de valoare de prim rang

    golden handshae& large sum of mone$ paid as compensation to someone who is obliged to leave a

    ob or retire earl$

    goodwill = ,. reputatia firmei -. fond de comert

    gross negligence& culpa grava

    grossing up = calcularea echivalentului brut

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    hard-core (organied crime activity) & dur

    (to) have an adverse impact on to severely impact up(on)

    headhunting& the search% esp. b$ professional recruiters% for executives to fill high4level positions. &

    recrutare de profesionisti pt posturi cheie 7.

    health and safety laws = legislatie referitoare la sanatatea si siguranta la locul de munca

    hearing date& termen (de udecata"

    hire purchase = cumparare in rate / leasing

    hiving-off = creare de filiale

    impute: (From atin imputare: !to charge.!" To attribute something done b$ one person% as a crime or a

    fault% to another.

    inchoate: (From atin inchoare: !to start work on.!" =egun% but not completed9 imperfectl$ formed or

    developed.

    inchoate offences (attempt, solicitation, consiracy) = participatie penala(to be) incumbent on/to devolve upon (a transfera) = a reveni cuiva (obligatii"

    incumbent (adj$)& holding a current office (eg.: the incumbentpresident" & actual% in functie

    in form and substance = in forma si continut

    income tax: Tax on a person#s income and profits. = impoit pe profit

    industrial injuries insurance = asigurare impotriva accidentelor de munca

    * information-sharing agrements =acorduri de devaluire de informatii

    information retained in unaided memories & informatii pe care (7" si le amintesc fara a beneficia de

    asistenta in acest sens

    * injunction = plaintiff ma$ ask the court to award an inunction against the defendant & to order the

    defendant not to do something which would be in breach of contract (prohibitory injunction" or carr$ out

    a certain act (mandatory injunction". 0 interlocutory /interim 2 perpetual injunction& ordonanta

    presedintiala

    injunctive relief = hotarare de despagubire cu efect obligatoriu

    insider: ' person% such as a corporate officer% director% or maorit$ shareholder% who has access to

    material nonpublic information about a compan$ or the securities market.

    insider trading: The use of material nonpublic information about a compan$ or the securities market to

    bu$ or sell securities for personal gain.

    insourcing = productie in interior

    instrument: ' formal legal document or commercial paper% such as a bill of exchange% bond% check% draft%

    stock% etc. (," ' negotiable instrumentis one that is capable of being transferred b$ endorsement or

    deliver$. (-" ' nonnegotiable instrumentis one that is not capable of being transferred b$ endorsement or

    deliver$ alone% though it ma$ be assigned

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    (joint/concurrent) tortfeaser = delicvent

    joint tenancy = proprietate indiviza

    joint stoc company: 8n common law countries% an unincorporated assocation of persons whose

    ownership interests are represented b$ transferable shares. The shareholders in such a compan$ have

    unlimited personal liabilit$. = societate pe actiuni

    joint venture: 'n association of persons or companies collaborating in a business venture for more than

    a transitor$ time period. = societate mixta

    letter of discharge = scrisoare de eliberare de ga

    letter of support& scrisoare de confirmare / suport

    4now all men by these presents that 3= 8n atentia tuturor celor interesati7

    masters& matrite

    material contract& c$ oneros

    material: (," *f substantial importance. (-" 'ccording to =ritish securities law% when the price of

    something (i.e.% a securit$" would be significantl$ affected. (?" 'ccording to 1nited 2tates securities

    law% when something is of significance to a reasonable person (i.e.% an investor".

    &emoranum of "ssociation: 'n instrument creating and describing the basic details of a particular

    corporation which is filed with a state agenc$ at the time of the firm#s incorporation. articles of

    association& document regulating the internal management of a compan$

    mentions request = inscriere de mentiuni

    misdemeanor/petty /minor offence = contraventie

    misdemeanant = contravenient

    money supply = emisiune monetara

    mortgagor/mortgagee & debitor /creditor ipotecar

    negligence = tort = breach of a legal dut$ of care(din culpa)

    5no litigation, arbitration or administrative proceedings are current, pending or threatened6 - - -no par share: ' share that ma$ be sold b$ a compan$ for an$ value. The compan$ ma$ designate a

    !stated value.! The stated value amount becomes part of the compan$#s capital. = valoare nenominalanominalism: The principle that an obligation to pa$ a particular sum of mone$ is fixed and does not

    change even if the purchasing power or foreign exchange rate of the mone$ does change.

    nonactionable subsidy: ' subsid$ that is permissible and nonchallengeable% such as government

    funding to underwrite research activities% to aid disadvantaged regions% and to help existing facilities adapt

    to new environmental requirements. = subventii permise

    non-core services = servicii conexe

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    no-fault insurance = despagubire automata a asiguratului

    non-qualified deferred compensation benefits = acorduri prin care sunt oferite compensatii cu

    amanarea platii impozitului aferent

    no win, no fee =conditional fee agreement

    nonprofit nongovernmental organiation: 'n international organization that draws its members from

    among individuals and domestic organizations (sometimes including local governments% such as

    municipalities" who reside in two or more states.

    notice of motion& dovada citarii partii reclamate / dovada comunicarii cererii de chemare in udecata

    notification/notice of claims = declaratie/aviz de sinistru

    notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this3

    nuisance& paguba% dauna% preudiciu

    null by operation of law = nul de drept

    7ullities have been divided into absolute and relative. 'bsolute nullities are those which ma$ be

    insisted upon b$ an$ one having an interest in rendering the act% deed or writing null% even b$ the publicauthorities% as a second marriage while the former was in full force. @ver$thing fraudulent is null and void.

    +elative nullities can be invoked onl$ b$ those in whose favor the law has been established% land% in fact%

    such power is less a nullit$ of the act than a facult$ which one or more persons have to oppose the

    validit$ of the act. 0nulitati absolute / partiale / ramanere in vigoare

    order bill of lading: ' bill of lading that is negotiable.

    order paper: ' bill of exchange or promissor$ note that is pa$able to a named pa$ee. = bilet la ordin

    objection to the writ of execution& contestatie la titlu (executoriu"

    obligatory demand = cerere cu titlu de obligatie

    obsolescence = desuetudine / uura morala

    occupational disease = boala profesionala

    occupational disease damages = despagubiri acordate in cazul contactarii unor boli profesionale

    off-set amounts & sume de compensare

    on the merits of the case = pe fond

    (to be) opposed under a plea of forgery = a fi contrazis prin procedura inscrierii in fals

    order to show cause = ordin/hotarare de expunere a temeiurilor/prezentare a motivelor

    ordinary creditor = creditor chirografar

    outcry trading = tranzactie prin strigare

    outsourcing = externalizare/aprovizionare prin subcontractare

    overdraft agreements = contracte de linii de credit

    overdraft = sold debitor

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    qualified endorsement: 'n endorsement in which the endorser does not guarantee that a negotiable

    instrument will be accepted and paid b$ the drawer or maker.

    qualifying event = an$ one of several specified occasions that but for the provisions of 3*=+'

    (3onsolidated *mnibus =udget +econciliation 'ct of ,ABC" would result in a loss of benefits to a covered

    emplo$ee under a qualified benefit plan.

    (to be) qualified to sue = a avea legitimare procesuala

    (to) quash decision = anula

    - election = invalida

    - indictment = infirma o acuzare

    - rate = desfiinta o taxa

    quota: (," ' share% proportion% or part of a total. (-" The number of persons or things permitted to enter a

    countr$. (?" The amount of funds which a member of the 8nternational onetar$ Fund (8F" is required to

    contribute. 8t determines the voting rights of a member and the sum of 8F funds that a member ma$

    draw upon to stabilise its currenc$ and to meet balance4of4pa$ments obligations.quorum: The number of persons% or persons owning a number of shares% who must be present before a

    meeting of a deliberative bod$ ma$ be convened and business transacted.

    pacta sunt servanda: atin for !agreements and stipulations Dof the parties to a treat$%convention%or

    contractE must be observed.!

    parentage& filiatie

    par share: ' share that must be sold b$ a compan$ for at least par value (the value printed on its face".

    This amount becomes part of the compan$#s capital.

    particular average: ' loss to a ship or its cargo which is not to be shared in b$ contributions from all

    those interested% but is to be borne b$ the owner of the inured thing. 0 avarie particulara

    partnership: (," 8n civil law countries% a compan$ of two or persons who co4own and manage a business

    and who are each liable to the full extent of their personal assets for its debts. (-" 8n common law

    countries% an association of two or more persons who co4own and manage a business for profit and who

    are each liable to the full extent of their personal assets for its debts. = asociere in participatiune*

    partnership limited by shares: ' civil law compan$ of one or more general partners who have unlimited

    personal liabilit$ for the debts of the compan$ and limited participation b$ investors in the form of shares.

    The compan$ is taxed as corporation. = societate in comandita pe actiuni

    parol evidence rule: ' common law rule that holds that% if a contract describes itself as being complete

    and final% an$ preliminar$ or informal agreements made prior to or at the same time the contract was

    made will be ignored when interpreting the contract.

    passage of ris: The point in time when the bu$er becomes responsible for losses to the goods

    &transferul riscurilor

    past due = cu scadenta depasita

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/t.htm#treatyhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/t.htm#treatyhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/c.htm#conventionhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/c.htm#conventionhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/c.htm#contracthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/t.htm#treatyhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/c.htm#conventionhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/c.htm#contract
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    patent pool: 'n agreement to share patents and other technolog$.

    pay-bac schedule = plan de rambursare

    pawn& amanet / zalog

    pawnbroer & camatar

    pecuniary right: +ight of an author to exploit a cop$righted work for economic gain.

    (under) penalties of perjury = sub sanctiunea pedepsei pentru marturie mincinoasa

    perfidy: The act of one who has promised% in apparent good faith% to do something% and then who does

    the exact opposite. 8n the law of war% perfid$ includes feigning an intent to negotiate under a flag of truce

    or surrender9 pretending to be wounded or sick9 or pretending to be a noncombatant or to have a

    protected status b$ the use of the signs% emblems% and uniforms of the 1nited ations or of a neutral

    state.

    phonogram = inregistrari

    piercing the company veil: 'n expression indicating that the legal fiction that a compan$ is a separate

    legal entit$ will be set aside and the shareholders of the compan$ will be held liable for its conduct as ifthe$ were partners in a partnership. = a tine raspunatori pentru actiunile unei companii pe directori

    sau pe administratori

    - minister plenipotentiaryis one who b$ custom ranks immediatel$ below an ambassadorand is of

    the same rank as an envoy extraordinary.

    piggy-bac relationship & relatie de sustinere a unui produs prin intermediul altuia

    plaintiff / claimant & part$ bringing a civil action & reclamant

    pledgor/pledgee = debitor gaist/creditor gaist

    preferred stoc: 2tock that gives its owners benefits that ordinar$ stockholders do not have. = actiuni

    preferentiale

    prescription: (From atinpraescriptio:!b$ order.!" The legal process of acquiring propert$ b$ reason of

    uninterrupted occupation for a period of time. 0 prescriere

    (statute of limitations = statute establishing a time limit for suing in a civil case based on the date

    when the claim acrrued = prescriptie)

    probate transfer = transfer / instainare in baza unui testament

    proceeds = sume

    professional liability and errors and omissions coverage =asigurare de raspundere profesionala si

    asigurarea in cazul producerii unor pagube datorate unor erori si omisiuni

    professional riss indemnity insurance = asigurare impotriva riscurilor profesionale

    progressive tax: ' tax in which the rate of taxation increases as income increases.

    prohibited subsidy: ' subsid$ that is presumed to be trade distorting because it requires export

    performance or is contingent upon the use of domestic instead of imported goods.

    long term structured high4$ield projectbond & emisiune de obligatiuni / titluri de stat cu grad ridicat de

    profit structurat pe term lung

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    promissory note: ' written% dated% and signed two4part$ instrument containing an unconditional promise

    b$ a maker to pa$ a definite sum of mone$ to a pa$ee on demand or at a specified future date. = bilet la

    ordin

    proof of service of summons = dovada inmanarii citatiei

    property damage = pagube materiale

    to protest& to have a document drawn up b$ a notar$% certif$ing that a bill of exchange has not beenpaid on the due date & a protesta (o cambie"

    *(to" prove the guilt Gbeyond reasonable doubtH 0 criminal law =

    *(to" prove the case Gon the balance of probabilitiesH 0 civil action=

    publicly traded companies = societati deschise

    recital & expunere/preambul

    reconciliation in the money = regularizare valorica

    (to) record a separate opinion = a consemna opinie separata

    redeployment = reconversia fortei de munca

    red subsidy: ' eneral 'greement on Tariffs and Tradesubsid$ that is forbidden.

    registered letter with notice of receipt = scrisoare recomandata cu confirmare de primire

    release of liens = ridicarea sarcinilor% garantiilor

    representative by operation of law = reprezentant de drept

    reprisal: The act of punishing another for some inur$ the latter caused. & represalii

    rescheduling of a debt = reesalonarea unei datorii

    respondent in appeal = intimat

    restitution in ind: The item taken is to be returned. &restituire in natura

    restrictive endorsement: 'n endorsement which restricts the rights of subsequent holders.

    retainer& plati in avans

    road map& foaie de parcurs / plan / program

    8anitary 0peration .icense

    satisfaction: +emed$ in international law that provides for the honor of an inured state to be restored.

    savings and loan associations = cooperative de credit

    savings bans = banci/case de economii

    secret partnership: ' common law partnership in which the participation of one or more persons as

    partners is not disclosed to the public b$ an$ of the partners. 'll of the partners have unlimited personal

    liabilit$.

    securitiation = inlocuirea unui imprumut cu titluri negociabile

    security, guarantees, pledges and liens = garantie% giruri% gauri si drepturi de sechestru

    (to) service a debt = a rambursa un credit

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/g.htm#GATT94http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/g.htm#GATT94http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/g.htm#GATT94
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    seiure = confiscare/luare in posesie

    senior debt & imprumut principal

    * servitude&an encumbrance consisting in a right to the limited use of a piece of land without the

    possession of it. The three t$pes of servitudes are easements (I right of passage & drept de trecere"%

    licenses (I agreement allowing the licensee to enter the licensor6s land to do some act that would

    otherwise be illegal% such as hunting game" and profits (I a servitude that gives the right to pasture

    cattle% dig for minerals or otherwise take awa$ some part of the soil" & drept de servitute

    settlement of account = incheiere de conturi

    severability = nulitati partiale/ clauza de salvgardare

    *severance =separation of claims% b$ the court% of multiple parties7

    sicness and disablement insurance = asigurare de boala si invaliditate

    sight bill: =ill of exchange that is pa$able at the time it is presented or at a stated time after

    presentment. = cambie la vedere

    slight negligence & simpla neglientaslow moving stocs/obsolete stocs = stocuri greu vandabile/nevandabile

    sole agency agreement = acord de exclusivitate

    specific performance/specific relief = executare in natura a unui contract (court4ordered remed$ that

    requires precise fulfillment of a legal or contractual obligation when monetar$ damages are inappropriate

    or inadequate as when the sale of real estate or a rare article is involved"

    standby letter of credit: ' letter of credit obtained b$ a bu$er naming the seller as a beneficiar$.4de

    reerva/disponibil

    staple goods = marfuri de prima necesitate

    stoc split = divizarea actiunilor/a valorii nominale a actiunilor

    straddle period = perioada de utilizare combinata a optiunilor de vanzare/cumparare de actiuni

    straight bill of lading: ' bill of lading issued to a named consignee which is not negotiable.

    =conosament nominativ

    *strict liability: 8mposing liabilit$ on an actor regardless of fault. & absolute liability / liability without

    fault& raspundere nebaata pe culpa /raspundere delictuala

    subjective intent: The actual intent and understanding of a part$ at the time of the making of an

    agreement.

    subservient: (From atin subservire: !to serve under.!" 2ubordinate in capacit$ or function.

    subsidiary: 3ompan$ owned b$ a parent or a parent#s holding compan$. 1nlike a branch% it is separatel$

    incorporated. & filiala

    substituted service = comunicarea actelor de procedura unei alte persoane in locul paratului / in alt mod

    decat personal

    succes fee& onorariu de succes

    sundry debtors = debitori diversi

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    suport order& hotarare privind stabilirea obligatiei de plata a pensiei de intretinere (divort"

    surety & garantie / cautiune

    joint and several surety = cautiune conuncta si solidara

    suspension of performance: +emed$ available to either part$ when it becomes clear that the other

    part$ will not perform a substantial part of his obligation because of a serious deficienc$ in his abilit$ to

    perform% his creditworthiness% his preparations for performing% or his performance.

    secret ballot = vot secret

    to serve notice upon = a cita

    special share = actiune nominativa de control

    statement of account = extras de cont

    statute of limitations = prescriptie extinctiva (to be subject to a statute of limit)

    substantive law = drept material

    to substantiate an allegation = a sustine o acuatie

    substantiation of a claim =definirea fondului unei reclamatii*syndicated loan = credit cartelar / imprumut in participare

    tax amnesty: *ne4time authorization for taxpa$ers to pa$ delinquent taxes and thereb$ avoid possible

    prosecution.

    tax avoidance: Taking advantage of legal or arguabl$ legal tax loopholes.

    tax evasion: The intentional misrepresentation or concealment of a person#s tax obligations.

    tax haven: ' state which imposes taxes that are substantiall$ lower than those in other states.

    tax holiday = dispensa fiscala provizorie / degrevare fiscala temporara

    taxpayer: ' person who must pa$ a tax.

    tax sin: ' state which imposes no income taxes.

    tax sparing: +ecognition b$ a home state that tax incentives granted b$ a host state are equivalent to the

    pa$ment of a tax to the host state.

    termination dissolution liquidation /winding up

    thin capitaliation: The intentional financing of a compan$ with debt funding rather than equit$ funding.

    tied vote & balota

    time bill: =ill of exchange that is pa$able at a definite future time. cambie la termen

    tippee: ' person who acts for his own pesonal account on information received from a tipper knowing that

    the information is not available to the public.

    tipper: ' person who has access to material nonpublic information about a compan$ or the securities

    market who discloses it to a tippee.

    tranche: (French: !installment! or !block of shares.!" ' percentage of an 8nternational onetar$ Fund

    member#s quota that it ma$ withdraw to stabilize its currenc$ or to meet balance4of4pa$ments obligations.

    tender boo = caiet de sarcini

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    third party liability = raspundere civila (pentru pagube produse tertilor"

    through the good offices of = prin grija

    tort = delict civil

    +ranscription and 9nscription :egister = :egistru de transcriptiuni

    true copy/true owner = copie conforma / proprietar legitim

    underwriting department = serviciu de subscriptii

    ;ndertaings for ollective 9nvestments in +ransferable 8ecurities = organisme de plasament

    colectiv in valori mobiliare

    unjust enrichment = imbogatire fara justa caua

    * unilateral termination of a contract = denuntare

    use, possess and dispose = usus, fructus 2 abusus

    value-added tax: Taxes are paid b$ a taxpa$er onl$ on the value added to a good. =+

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    commitment& suma creditata

    advance& transa de credit

    borrowed money& sume luate cu imprumut

    contribution& suma contribuita la credit

    drawdown& tragere

    borrower& debitor principal

    net derivatives liability& obligatii nete generate de instrumente financiare derivate

    obligor& debitor obligatar (debitor principal si garant"

    construction of certain terms0 interpretation

    maret disruption& conditii de piata nefavorabile

    grossing-up for taxes by the borrower& gross4up pentru taxe de catre debitorul principal

    binding obligations& obligatii ferme

    pari passu (obligations)& (obligatii" de acelasi rang

    cross-default& incalcarea mai multor obligatiicash collateralisation& garantarea prin lichiditati

    repudiation& refuzul de a4si indeplini obligatiile

    currency of account / currency indemnity& moneda de cont / despagubiri in valuta

    absolute discretion& putere de decizie absoluta

    to forgo a return& a renunta la venitul rezultat din investitii

    benefit and burden& beneficii si sarcini

    discharged obligations/rights& o/d stinse

    professional advice& consultanta de specialitate

    professional indemnity insurance = asigurare profesionala

    amalgamation& termen general 0 combination of two or more companies 0 b$ acquiring others / b$

    merger of two/several / b$ existing companies being dissolved and a new compan$ formed to take over

    the combined business 0 conversion/ consolidation/ merger/ reorganiation

    submission to jurisdiction& acceptarea urisdictiei

    agent for service of process& agentul pentru primirea citatiilor

    5

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    absorbtie merger

    abtine% a se restrain% abstain from (a vote"

    abuz in functie abuse of discretion

    accesoriu (al unui drept" appurtenance

    achitarea facturii settlement of the invoice

    achita un cont clear an account

    acord tacit expres express tacit agreementa acorda un credit grant a credit

    acreditiv letter of credit

    act cu titlu gratuit gratuitous agreement

    acreditiv documentar documentar$ letter of credit

    act de renuntare waiver

    acte constitutive 2tatutes % 3ompan$ 'cts% Jeed of 8ncorporation

    actiune nominativa nominative share

    actiune in constatare claim for recognition of rights

    actiune in despagubire action for damages

    actiune in regres action in subrogation

    administrator al averii falitului official receiver

    'dunarea enerala a 'ctionarilor

    (''"

    eneral eeting of the 'ssociates ('"

    agent de proces agent of the service of process

    ambala care proteeaza pilfer4proof packing

    angaament covenant

    anexa (vb" enclose (herewith"

    anexa (subst" annex% schedule% appendix

    antreprenor emplo$er% builder% sub4contractor

    a anula cancel% annul% rescind

    1.2

    1.3

    beneficiu nerealizat loss of bargain% loss of profitbeneficiu de discutiune benefit of discussion

    beneficiarii renuntarii releases

    bilant balance sheet

    billet de ordin (titlu de credit" promissor$ note / emitent (drawer" 4 subscriitor (indorser"

    boala profesionala occupational disease

    bonitate financiara credit worthiness

    bun care a pierit perished good

    bunuri de larga folosinta consumer goods

    bun sesizat good seized

    bun caruia i s4a aplicat sechestru movable good distrained

    bunuri corporale/ incorporale tangible/ intangible goods

    bunuri imobile si mobile real estate and movable assets

    cadastru land register

    carte funciara land book

    caiet de sarcini tender book

    ca rezultat thereupon

    ca urmare a pursuant to

    cambie (tras/ tragator" bill of exchange

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    3amera Jeputatilor Jeput$ 3hamber

    3amera 8nternationala de 3omert 8nternational 3hamber of 3ommerce (833"

    capital de dotare endowment capital

    capital social registered% social capital

    cazier criminal record

    cautiune (depusa la udecatorie" bond

    cautiune reala several guaranteecaz de neexecutare event of default

    cerere de arbitrare request for arbitration

    cerere neconventionala counterclaim

    certificat de sarcini certificate of charges

    certificat de urbanism town planning certificate

    certificat de trezorerie treasur$ bill (T4bill"

    cedare a unui drept surrender of a right

    cedare proprietate surrender of an ownership right

    cedent transferor/ assignor

    cesiune assignment/ cession/ transfer

    cesionar transferee/ assignee

    cesiune de creanta accounts receivable

    cheltuieli de casa cash outla$scheltuieli de regie overheads% markups

    cheltuieli care revin incumbent expenses

    chirie% termen de inchiriere tenanc$

    cifra de afaceri turnover

    circumscriptie territorial range

    cita (vb" summon

    citatie summons

    comert cu ridicata wholesale trade

    comert cu amanuntul retail trade

    comisia de cenzori censors6 committee (8nternal 'uditors6 committee "

    3omisia ationala a >al obiliare ational 2ecurities 3ommission

    comitent principal

    compensatie/ a compensa indemnit$/ to indemnif$

    competenta materiala material competence

    comunica o somatie communication of the summons

    concesiune concession

    concediere immediate dismissal

    concubin concubine

    concesionar licensee% leaseholder% concessionaire

    conditie/ garantie warrant$

    conditie rezolutorie resolutor$ condition

    conditii de descarcare terms of discharge

    conditii de plata terms of pa$ment

    conditii de livrare deliver$ terms

    conosament bill of ladingconform in due form

    3onsiliul de 'dmnistratie =oard of Jirectors

    consimtamant sincer genuineness of assent

    cont de profit si pierderi profit and loss accounts

    contencios administrativ administrative claim/litigation department

    cont operativ operative account / overdraft credit

    contesta o decizie challenge a decision

    contopire fusion% merger

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    contract de comodat commodate contract

    contract de imputernicire entrustment agreement

    contract de inchiriere cu persoanestraine

    cross border lease agreement

    contract de societate 'rticles of 'ssociation/ emorandum of 'ssociation

    contract de asistenta legala legal assistance agreement

    contract de comodat commodate contract 4 leader% borrower contract de ga pe act share pledge agreement

    contract solemn contracts b$ deed

    contract de vanzare pe credit credit sale agreement

    contravenient (subst" misdemeanant (noun"

    contraventie misdemeanor / pett$ offence

    contributie in natura in4kind contribution

    conventie covenant

    convoca% vb '' convene (meeting": call/ calling of 2

    cota unica de impozitare flat tax

    creanta receivable

    creanta bugetara budget obligation

    credit ipotecar mortgage loan (pledgee4 persoana creditata"

    cu puteri depline with full powerscustodie bailment (bailor% bailee"

    >$ ?

    @$

    a da o hotarare de fond make a udgement on the merits

    data de incepere date of commencement

    data intrarii in vigoare date of coming into force

    dauna impair/ damage

    daune stipulate de comun acordbazate pe o estimare

    liquidated damages

    daune morale damages to reputation/ emotional distress claimsdaune cominatorii penalt$ damages

    daune moratorii dela$ penalties

    daune patrimoniale damages of propert$

    -,eposit-,% final si definitiv conclusive and binding

    decizie% rezolutie% hotarare resolution

    decizie de imputare charging decision (in a labour contract"

    declaratie a representation b$ (debtor% bu$er"

    defini fondul unei reclamatii substantiation of a claim

    delict civil tort

    denumirea marfii denomination of goods

    denuntator repudiating part$

    denuntare unilateral termination of a contract

    depozit warehouse

    depozit de garantii suplimentare collateral deposit

    depune eforturi endeavour

    depune o garantie post a bond

    desfasura o afacere conduct a business

    desfiinta o hotarare repeal a decision

    despagubire indemnit$% compensation (fair and prior compensation/despagubire dreapta% prealabila"

    deviz estimate

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    devolutiune legala forced heirship

    disunge un capat de cerere splitting a cause of action

    divulgare disclosure

    dizolva% vb dissolve

    dizolvare (a unei societati" dissolution

    dobanda acumulata accrued interest

    document% fapt deeddomeniu public public domain

    drept de abitatie al sotuluisupravietuitor

    curtes$

    drepturi banesti pecuniar$ entitlement

    drept decurgand din proprietateaasupra partilor sociale

    rights arising from the shares ownership

    drept de concurenta competing right

    drept de dispozitie right to dispose the propert$

    drept de ga lien

    drept material substantive law

    drept procedural adective law

    drept pentru care in witness thereof

    drept de preferinta pre4emptive (preemption" rightdrept real asupra proprietatii right in remover the propert$

    drept de retentie distress (upon the goods of a tenant in satisfaction ofunpaid rent"

    drept de retentie al antreprenorului emplo$er6s lien (securing priorit$ of pa$ment of the valueof work performed" / builder6s lien

    drept de retentie al proprietarului landlord6s lien

    drept de proprietate ownership right

    dreapta udecata due process of law

    dresa un protest draft/ draw up a protest

    durata a unei societati duration of the compan$6s activities

    3.1 A

    3.2

    --ffect (al unei calamitati" aftermath

    competenta materiala material competence

    elabora% vb evolve

    eroare de procedura error of law

    evictiune eviction

    evidente de publicitate imobiliara real estate publicit$ evidencing documents

    exceptie motion to dismiss

    executare fortata/silita a unei datorii foreclosure of a debt

    executor udecatoresc licensed foreclosure officer

    expropriere expropriation

    extras excerptextras de cont statement of account

    3.3 %

    3.4

    factura bill / invoice

    faptuitor wrongdoer

    favorizant% ad conducive to

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    fideiusor ipotecar fideussor

    filiala subsidiar$

    flagrant egregious (incalcare flagranta 4 egregious violation"

    foaie de varsamant pa$ment slip

    fond aservit servient estate

    fond dominant dominant estate (tenement"

    fond de comert fond de commerce(consisting of movable tangible%including but not limited to furniture% equipment% vehiclesand intangible"

    Fondator (al unei societati" 8ncorporator / promoter

    functiona operate

    furnizare reciproca mutual provision of information

    fuziune merger

    3.5 #

    3.6

    refier 3lerk of the court

    ga pe fond de comert floating charge% pledge of fond de commerce9 floating lienpledge9pledgor/ pledgee (debitor gaist/ creditor gaist"

    ga de rang superior prior lien

    ga fara deposedare pledge/ distraint without seizure

    garanta de evictiune defend and warrant the 5ledge6s right against the claims9provide warranties of title

    garanta posesia linistita warrant the quiet eno$ment

    garantie collateral/ securit$/ pledge

    garantie si asigurare bancara bank guarant$ K sureties (bail bonds"

    garantat secured person

    garantii suplimentare further assurances

    girant endorser% suret$

    greva cu datorii charge/encumber with duties

    3.7 B

    3.8

    hotarare udecatoreasca udg(e"ment

    hotararea este definitiva award is final and binding

    3.9 9

    3.10

    iertare de datorie forgiveness of debt

    imperativ mandator$impiedica (de la" prevent (from"

    imprescriptibil indefeasible

    imprevizibil% insurmontabil unpredictable and unavoidable (force maeure"

    impune o limitare restrain

    imbogatire fara usta cauza unust enrichment

    imputernici% vb vest (in"/ empower

    imputernicit attorne$4in4fact

    impiedica% vb restrain

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    impozit la sursa withholding tax

    in baza facturii against the invoice

    incasarea acreditivului cashing the letters of credit

    inculpat accused (person"

    incheiere de autentificare (lanotariat"

    authentication decision

    incheiere motivata reasonable conclusionincheiere (act" minutes

    incheiere de autentificare (lanotariat"

    authentication decision

    incheiere motivata reasonable conclusion

    indiviziune co4tenanc$ (cuprinde si Ltenanc$ in common6 si Lointtenanc$6"

    infiintare formation% incorporation% foundation

    informatie confidentiala confidential or proprietar$ information

    infractiune criminal offense% felon$

    imputernicire attorne$4in4fact

    inscris deed% writ

    insusi a4si undertake

    inselaciune fraudintampinare answer raised in the defense

    acte intre terti inter alios acta

    intre vii inter vivos

    interpreta construe

    intarziere de plata pa$ment dela$

    intra vires within the compan$ powers (according to the obectclause"

    investi% a plasa bani% vb vest in

    investi cu formula executorie invest with executor$ formula (writ of execution"9endorsement of executor$ title

    3.11 C

    3.12

    udecare in lipsa paratului default udgement

    udecatorie district court

    udecator sindic bankruptc$/ s$ndic udge

    urat uror

    ust titlu paramount title

    3.13 .

    3.14

    la cheie turn4ke$

    legat bequest% boundlege cazuta in desuetudine obsolete law

    lichidator liquidator

    3.15 &

    3.16

    mai sus mentionat aforementioned

    mandant mandator$

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    mandat aparent apparent authorit$

    marca de intregistrare trademark

    membru fondator founding member

    mens rea guilt$ mind

    mentiune mention / amendment (ca si act"

    monta erection

    mostenitori legali forced heirs

    3.17 7

    3.18

    navlu freight

    neconcordanta cu inconsistenc$ with / non4compliance with

    neglienta grava gross negligence

    negociere colectiva collective bargaining

    neintelegere dispute

    negrevat de sarcini free of encumbrances

    nud proprietar bare owner

    3.19 0

    3.20

    obliga% vb compel

    obligatoriu mandator$

    obligatiune la purtator bearer bond

    ofertant offeror

    oferta de servicii tender

    *ficiul unicipal si de 5rotectia2ociala

    3hamber of abor K 2ocial 5rotection

    *ficiul de 2tat pt 8nventii si arci 0*28

    2tate *ffice for 8nventions and Trademarks

    omisiune oversightopozabil opposable (to"

    opozant% care se opune maoritatii dissenting (minorit$ of dissenting shareholders"

    ordonanta presidentiala inunction

    ordonanta ordinance

    ordin de plata pa$ment order

    ordin udecatoresc inunction/ restraining order

    3.21 1

    3.22

    parta partition

    parte integranta part and parcel of parte interes part of interest

    parte vatamata inured/aggrieved part$

    participatie penala inchoate offences

    parti sociale shares

    pensionare la cerere retirement upon request

    perioada de gratie grace period

    periodic from time to time

    petent claimant

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    plan de credit overdraft credit

    ptata in avans down pa$ment

    plata in transe pa$ment in arrears

    pluralitate de creditori mass of creditors

    polita de asigurare insurance polic$

    preambul recitals

    preconizat foreseenpreudiciu damages

    premeditare aforethought

    prerogativa de administrare sidispozitie

    powers of management and disposal

    prescriptie extinctiva statutes of limitations

    prestatie performance

    pretinde claim (indemnities"

    prezumtie relativa rebutable presumption

    prima instanta first degree court

    primarie ma$or$

    prin care whereb$

    prin gria through the good offices

    poces4verbal de receptie reception minutesproces4verbal de adudecare minutes of adudication

    proces4verbal de predare 4 primire deliver$ 4 receipt minutes9 hand4over protocol

    proces4verbal de sechestru minutes of distraint

    procura power of attorne$

    proportional cu pro ratato

    protest protest (the nonperformance of the other part$"

    pune sechestru lev$ a distraint

    punere in concluzii brief

    pune in functiune start up9 call into operation

    3.23 :

    3.24

    radiere a ipotecii erasing of a mortgage

    rambursarea creditului disburse the credit

    raspundere civila delictuala a partilorpt copiii minori

    parental liabilit$

    raspundere solidara vicarious/oint liabilit$ (responsibilit$"

    raspunde solidar si individual ointl$ and severall$ liable

    raspuns la o intampinare repl$ to answer

    rata installment

    ratio legis underl$ing principle

    recalificare profesionala professional re4conversion

    reclamatie claim

    recupera o datorie recover a debtrecurs appeal

    recuzare recusation

    reducere a activitatii restraint of activit$

    refuz de a plati un instrument deplata

    dishonor

    regim uridic legal regime

    registru de transcriptiuni transcription and inscription register

    relatie de reprezentare fiduciar$ relationship

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    remitere remittance

    renuntare la un drept disclaimer

    renuntare la udecata discontinuance

    renunta la o pretentie/ drept waive a claim/ right

    respinge un apel dismiss an appeal

    respinge o hotarare vacate a udgement

    reporta carr$ over restanta de plata overdue pa$ment

    restructurare de personal personal la$4off

    rezolutie rescission

    ridicarea unei exceptii notice of motion

    3.25 8

    3.26

    3.27 sanctiune pentru neplata

    sau neindeplinirea obligatiilor

    penalt$ for nonpa$ment or nonperformance

    sarcina encumbrance

    sarcina care greveaza patrimonial encumbrances over the patrimon$scadenta maturit$ date

    scrisoare de intentie memorandum of understanding

    scrisoare de revenire reminder

    scrisoare de trasura wa$bill

    scrisoare de garantie bancara bid4bond

    scuti (de o oblig." exonerate/exempt (from"

    sechestru sequestration% distress% seizure

    sechestru udiciar court4ordered seizure of goods

    semnat executed% signed

    senat senate

    servitute easement (appurtenance"

    servitute de trecere right of wa$

    societate cu asociat unic wholl$4owed compan$

    societate in comandita simpla limited liabilit$ partnership

    societate infiintata si functionandconform legislatiei

    compan$ organized and existing under the laws

    societate inchisa privatel$ held compan$

    societate pe actiuni oint stock compan$

    solicita repararea unui preudiciu claim indemnities for the preudice

    solicita despagubiri raise a claim

    spriini% sustine bolster (up"

    statutar si obligatoriu valid and binding

    statut statute

    stinge o plata pa$4off% extinguish a debt

    stivuit stowedstornare reverse

    sub control under scrutin$

    subsemnat% subscris (d.soc" undersigned

    sucursala branch

    suma platita intr4o singura transa lump4sum

    suporta o obligatie% vb bear a charge

    supraarbitru umpire

    supune% a se abide b$

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    sustine o acuzatie substantiate an allegation

    3.28 +

    3.29

    tardiv tardiv

    taxa de succesiune death tax / inheritance taxtaxe vamale customs duties

    teren aferent unei cladiri curtilage

    termen de udecata hearing

    termen de incarcare loading

    titlu de creanta bugetara budget bond title

    titlu executoriu execution title

    titlu de stat T4bill

    titlu de valoare la purtator bearer paper

    tragator drawer

    transport shipment

    tras drawee

    trata la vedere sight draf

    trata draft

    tribunal municipal court

    tulburare disturbance

    tine raspunzatori pentru act uneicompanii pe directori sauadministratori

    piercing the corporate veil

    3.30 ;

    ultra vires be$ond its powers (outside the obect clause"

    uni mai multe capete de cerere aggregate causes of action

    urmarire penala criminal prosecution

    usus, fructus & abusus use% possess K dispose

    uzucapiune acquisition b$ prescription/adverse possession

    uzufruct usufruct/beneficial interest

    uzufructuar beneficial owner

    uzufruct viager life estate (freehold estate"

    uzura fizica wear and tear

    uzura morala obsolescence

    !har%e.out rates tarie

    !har%in% o shares %re(are )!u sar!ini a a!'iunilor

    !i(i! a##ress situat -n ///

    !laipreten'ie . su&stanti(3 a ri#i!a preten'ii . (er&3a orula a!'iune )!i(il -n preten'ii

    !laiin% a!ts o

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    !riinal in(esti%ation &o#y or%an #e !er!etare penal

    #aa%e to persons an# property pa%u&e pro#use persoanelor i &unurilor

    #atu 4all perete rontal , a'a#

    #e.!oitte# retras

    Dea#lo!2 &lo!a5ul )ipasul in ne%o!ieri

    #e&enture sto!2s sto! #e o&li%atiuni

    #e!laration o no o&5e!tions De!laratie #e lipsa #e o&ie!tii

    #ee# o #ele%ation an# aen#ent a!t #e #ele%a'ie i #e o#ii!are

    #ee# poll a!t unilateral

    #eep #istri&ution #istri&utie pe arii e$tinse

    #eault -n a&sen' , lips

    #eault e(ent oti( #e nee$e!utare

    #eault ee ta$a pentru intar0iere

    #eaultin%,non.#eaultin% partypartea !are nu si.a -n#eplinit o&li%atiile,partea !are si.a -n#eplinito&li%atiile

    #ee!t lia&ility perio# perioa#a #e %aran'ie

    #eense o in!on(enient oru e$!ep'ia instan'ei ne!opetente

    #eerral a%reeent !ontra!t #e esalonare

    #el !re#ere #el!re#ere

    #eli(er an a%reeent a reite un !ontra!t

    #eli(era&le li(ra&il

    #eli(era&le issues pro#use li(ra&ile

    #eli(ery !all (s/ #eli(ery slip !erere #e li(rare (s/ &or#erou #e li(rare

    #eli(ery ites arti!ole )pro#use3 eleente li(rate )urni0ate

    #eaterialise# shares a!'iuni #eateriali0ate

    Departent o the +u&li! +rose!utor +ar!het

    #epository !re#it !re#it #e #epo0it

    #esirous o &ein% ore# into a !opany A hotr;t -niin'area unei so!iet'i

    Dire!t la&our operations !ontra!te -n re%ie proprie

    Dire!torate or International La4 an#Treaties

    Dire!'ia Drept Interna'ional i Tratate

    #is!lose# a%ent a%ent #e!larat,re!unos!ut

    #is!loser transi'tor

    #istri!t oi!er un!'ionar #istri!tual

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  • 8/10/2019 Glosar Juridic RO en RO

    33/64

    #istri!t oi!er un!tionar #istri!tual

    #istri!t oi!er un!'ionar,e #epartaent,un!'ionar #istri!tual

    #i(ision !ounsel !onsilier le%al )5uri#i! #e #epartaent

    #rat eployent !ontra!t proie!t #e !ontra!t #e un!

    Drat In!eption Report proie!t #e raport ini'ial

    #ra4 upon a e$e!uta

    #uty o !are o&li%a'ia #e pru#en' i #ili%en'

    earn.out pri!epret #e !uparare !u !lau0a #e in#e$are pe&enei!iile ulterioare

    eployee or hire persoana eli%i&ila pentru an%a5are

    eployee settleent an# releasea%reeent

    !ontra!t #e un!

    e7uita&le or !ontin%ent interest interes #e parti!ipare i #rept e(entuale7uita&le relie repara'ie e!hita&il

    e7uity !apital propriu

    e7uity se!urities titluri #e !apital

    es!alator !lause !lau0 #e in#e$are

    e$ store ran!o #epo0it

    e$!ept as spe!ii!ally pro(i#e#!u e$!eptia !elor pre(a0ute in o# e$pli!it in

    pre0entul a!or#,!ontra!t

    E$!ess un#s surplus #e on#uri

    E$!ess Rental Surplus, suplient la !hirie

    e$e!ute sene0e

    e$e!ute# an# #eli(ere# as a #ee# senat i pre#at !a a!t 5uri#i!

    e$e!ution3 #eli(ery an# peroran!e e$e!utia3 li(rarea si in#eplinirea o&li%atiilor

    e$e!utory !ontra!t !ontra!t nee$e!utat sau e$e!utat partial

    e$er!isa&le e$er!ita&il

    e$er!ise #ue #ili%en!e a #epune #ili%en'a ne!esar

    e$ternal &uer tie tip tapon e$tern

    a!ility a%ent a%ent #e a!ilitate , a%ent

    ailure ne-n#eplinire

    all 4ithin se in!a#rea0a in

    ara protest no protest

    ee.&ase# !ontra!t !ontra!t pe &a0a #e onorariu

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