Global Markets for Biopesticides

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Global Markets for Biopesticides

Published on June 2014

Report Summary

This report provides readers with a detailed analysis of the global biopesticides industry from 2014 through 2019. It also discusses its

technological developments, future trends and emerging opportunities. It organizes information from diverse sources into a cohesive

unit that includes overview of pesticide (synthetic and biopesticide) market, organic farming and production, industry structure, and

technology and patents sections. CAGR projections from 2014 to 2019 are also provided.

Use this report to:

- Learn about worldwide commercial applications of biopesticides, their markets, their market penetration versus conventional

pesticides, and growth opportunities for the

biopesticide market.

- Estimate the global supply and demand scenario of biopesticides, broken down by applications and regions.

- Identify the factors influencing the biopesticides industry.

Highlights

- BCC Research projects that the global biopesticide and synthetic pesticide market will grow from $54.8 billion in 2013 to nearly

$61.8 billion by 2014, and to $83.7 billion by 2019 at a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3%, from 2014 through

2019.

- The synthetic pesticides segment is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR of 5.7%, accounting for nearly $58.2 billion in 2014 and

$76.8 billion by 2019.

- BCC Research estimates that biopesticides segment will account for $3.6 billion in 2014 and $6.9 billion of the overall market by

2019, a five-year CAGR of 13.9%.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report provides the reader with a detailed analysis of the global biopesticides industry. It also discusses technological

developments, future trends and emerging

opportunities. This information will be useful for those involved in strategic planning, marketing, sales and technological development.

The major objectives of this study include:

- Assessing the technology developments.

- Identifying the driving factors for demand.

- Making available the most current and reliable information on the market size.

- Estimating the global supply and demand scenario broken down by applications andregions.

- Estimating the growth rate in demand.

- Estimating the projected global supply and demand scenario over the next five years and analyzing it through application sectors as

well as product types.

- Identifying the factors influencing this industry and making appropriate recommendations.

Projections for biopesticide use will be offered for geographical regions including the Americas (i.e., U.S, Canada, Central America

[including Mexico], South America);

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Europe, Middle East, Russia, and Africa (EMRA); and Asia (Japan, China, India, Australia, New Zealand, other Oceanic countries).

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Factors driving the use of biopesticides include increased environmental awareness, the pollution potential and health hazards from

many conventional pesticides, as well

as increasing global demand for organically grown food.

Biopesticides offer several advantages:

- Biopesticides are environmentally safer than conventional pesticides, which are often hazardous chemicals.

- Biopesticides offer more targeted activity toward desired pests, whereas conventional pesticides often effect a broad spectrum of

pests as well as birds and

mammalian species.

- Biopesticides often are effective in very small quantities, thereby offering lower exposure. They decompose quickly, leaving virtually

no harmful residue and allow

field re-entry almost immediately after application.

- Biopesticides can be used in rotation with conventional pesticides when used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.

Such programs can offer high crop yields while dramatically reducing the use of conventional pesticides.

The popularity of biopesticides has increased substantially in recent years, as extensive research has enhanced their effectiveness. A

number of research centers

around the world are undertaking research aimed at improving techniques for the augmentation and application of biopesticides, with

the objective of improving the

commercial feasibility of producing and using biopesticides. In light of these advances, there is need for a current and comprehensive

report on

biopesticides. This report is designed to cover aspects of technology and demand trends, and project opportunities and investment

levels. It examines the worldwide

commercial applications of biopesticides, their markets, market penetration versus conventional pesticides and growth opportunities

for the biopesticide market.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This market report organizes information from diverse sources into a cohesive unit that includes a pesticide (synthetic and

biopesticide) overview, organic farming and

production overview, industry structure, technology and patents sections. Information on the synthetic pesticide market, genetically

modified (GM) seeds and the biopesticide market is explored. Additional information on the organic market for food products offers

the reader an opportunity to assess the biopesticide market in relation

to crop production and sale of organic foods.

METHODOLOGY

Where precise information was not available, a projection was made using reasonable assumptions and estimates based on historical

data. Market data is based on

manufacturers' sales and corrolations with the organic food market.

Table of Content

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2









STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2

SCOPE OF REPORT 3

METHODOLOGY 3

INTENDED AUDIENCE 3

INFORMATION SOURCES 3

ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 4

RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 4

BCC RESEARCH WEBSITE 4

DISCLAIMER 4

CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 6

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE AND SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET,

THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 7

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE AND SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET,

2014 AND 2019, BY REGION (%) 7

CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 10

WHAT ARE BIOPESTICIDES' 10

THE USE OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 10

ROLE OF BIOPESTICIDES IN IPM 11

PROMOTING IPM 11

IMPLEMENTING IPM 12

ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF BIOPESTICIDES 12

TABLE 1 EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES VERSUS CHEMICAL PESTICIDES 13

CLASSIFICATION OF BIOPESTICIDES 13

TABLE 2 SELECTED BIOPESTICIDE/BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN COMMERCIAL USE,

2013 14

MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES 16

Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) 16

Method of Action 16

Area of Usage 16

Application Methods 17

Bacillus subtilis (Bs) 17

Application Methods 17

Bacillus firmus (Bf) 17

Application methods 17

Pseudomonas Fluroescens 17


Heliothis NPV 18


Trichoderma (Trichoderma Viride/Harzianum) 18


Beauveria Bassiana 18


Trichogramma parasitoid 19


H. Bacteriophora 20










USE OF PIP 20

GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 20

THE IDEAL PESTICIDE 21

IMPACT OF COST OF PRODUCTION 21

ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS 21

TABLE 3 ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS IN THE PESTICIDE/BIOPESTICIDE MARKET,

FEBRUARY 2011- APRIL 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 22

SIGNIFICANT TRENDS 22

CROP LOSSES 22

Resistant insects 22

Nematodes 22

Weather fluctuations 23

Drought 23

Flooding 23

REGULATORY CHANGES 23

CHANGES IN REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 24

CUSTOMER PREFERENCE CHANGES 24

REGIONAL ANALYSIS 24

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL GROWTH OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL LAND, 1999-2010

(MILLION HECTARES) 24

FIGURE 2 REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL LAND, 2010 (%) 25

THE AMERICAS 26

EUROPE 26

ASIA 27

AFRICA 27

CHAPTER 4 ORGANIC FARMING AND THE MARKET FOR PRODUCTS 29

FEEDING THE WORLD IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER 29

MARKET FOR ORGANICALLY CULTIVATED FOOD 29

MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR ORGANICALLY FARMED PRODUCTS 30

U.S 30

EUROPE 30

TABLE 4 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS BY REGION,


FIGURE 3 MARKET SHARE OF REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTS, 2014

AND 2019 (%) 31

CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS 31

TABLE 5 ORGANIC CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS, BY COUNTRY, 2010 AND 2011 32

ORGANIC FARMING PRODUCERS 33

EXPORTATION OF PRODUCTS 33

TABLE 6 TOP 10 EXPORTING COUNTRIES AND THEIR PRIMARY MARKETS, THROUGH

2010 ($ MILLIONS)* 33

GLOBAL ORGANIC FARMING AREAS 33

REGIONAL STATISTICS 34

THE AMERICAS 34

TABLE 7 ORGANIC FARMING AREA, IN THE AMERICAS BY COUNTRY, 2010

(HA/SHARE OF TOTAL AGRICULTURAL LAND) 35









EMRA 35

TABLE 8 ORGANIC FARMING AREA, BY COUNTRY, 2010 (HA/SHARE OF TOTAL

AGRICULTURAL LAND) 36

ASIA 37

TABLE 9 ORGANIC FARMING AREA BY COUNTRY, IN ASIA, 2010 (HA/SHARE OF

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL LAND) 37

CHAPTER 5 SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS 39

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES 39

SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE DEMAND 40

COPING WITH REGULATIONS 40

GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE REVENUES 40

TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 41

GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET, BY TYPE 41

TABLE 11 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 41

FIGURE 4 SHARE OF GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 42

MARKET TRENDS 43

DECREASING USE OF SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES 43

REASONS FOR INCREASING USE OF SYNTHETIC HERBICIDES 43

TABLE 12 SALES OF SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES BY LEADING MANUFACTURERS,


FIGURE 5 MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURES OF SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES,

2013 (%) 44

FUTURE OF SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES 45

QUALITY AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 45

PHASING OUT OF HIGHLY TOXIC PESTICIDES 46

TABLE 13 SELECTED SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES TO BE PHASED OUT IN THE EU BY

2015 46

DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS 47

WHAT ARE GM CROPS AND WHY DO THEY MATTER' 47

HERBICIDE-TOLERANT SEEDS 47

PEST-RESISTANT CROPS WITH THE BT GENE 48

ADVANTAGES OF GM SEEDS 48

DISADVANTAGES/CONTROVERSIES OF GM SEEDS 48

Safety issues 48

Access and intellectual property 49

Ecological and health issues 49

Gene transfer 49

"Super weeds" 49

Effects of Bt toxin in plants 49

Genetic and Phenotypic Variablility 50

Expression of genetic material from pathogens 50

Cost of seeds 50

GM SEED MARKET 50

TABLE 14 PROJECTED GLOBAL SEED MARKET, GM SEED MARKET AND NON-GM

SEED MARKET, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 51









FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY COMPANY, FOR GM SEED MARKET, 2013 (%) 51

IMPORTANT GM SEEDS 52

TABLE 15 GLOBAL STATUS OF GM AND COMMERCIALIZED BIOTECH CROPS BY

COUNTRY RANKING, NUMBER OF HECTARES PLANTED AND CROP TYPE, 2011 53

REGULATION OF GM CROPS 53

UNITED STATES 53

Regulating Authority 53


TABLE 16 PROJECTED GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET BY REGION,

2013-2019 54

FIGURE 7 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET, BY REGION, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 54

THE AMERICAS 55

TABLE 17 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES, BY REGION, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 55

America's Synthetic Pesticide Use, by Type 55

TABLE 18 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE USE IN THE AMERICAS

BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 56

EMRA 56

TABLE 19 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES IN THE EMRA BY

REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 56

EMRA's Synthetic Pesticide Use, by Type 57

TABLE 20 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE USE IN THE EMRA BY

TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 57

ASIA 57

TABLE 21 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES IN ASIA BY REGION,


TABLE 22 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE USE IN THE ASIAN

REGION THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 58

CHAPTER 6 BIOPESTICIDE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 60

CLASSIFICATION OF BIOPESTICIDES 60

BACTERIAL PESTICIDES 60

Measuring Bt Potency 60

FUNGAL INSECTICIDES 61

TABLE 23 COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FUNGAL INSECTICIDES 61

Beauveria bassiana 61

Trichoderma spp. 61

Entomophthora spp. 62

DEVELOPMENT OF NEEM 62

USE OF PYRETHRUM 62

VIRAL PESTICIDES 62

Inclusion viruses 62

NPVs 63

TABLE 24 SELECTED COMMERCIALIZED NPVS 63

H. armigera 64

Granulosis Viruses 64

TABLE 25 SELECTED COMMERCIALIZED GVS 64

PREDATORS 65









Green Lacewings (Chrysopidae) 65

Lady Beetles (Coccinellidae) 65

Minute Pirate Bugs (Anthocoridae) 65

Syrphid Flies (Syrphidae) 66

Entomopathogenic Nematodes 66

Parasitoids 66

Egg Parasitoids 66

Larval/Pupal Parasitoids 67

TABLE 26 SELECTED LISTING OF IMPORTANT PARASITOIDS 67

PREDATORY MITES 68

TABLE 27 COMMON PREDATORY MITES 68

OTHER BIOPESTICIDES 68

Microsporidia spp 68

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 69

MYCOPESTICIDE DEVELOPMENT 69

Parameter of Mass Production 70

Isolate selection 70

Aeration 70

Moisture 70

Incubation Temperature 70

Light Requirements 71

MASS PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 71

FIGURE 8 GENERAL PRODUCTION PROCEDURE FOR MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 71

Storage 72

Transportation 72

Safety and hazards 72

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 72

RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR GROWTH 73

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION 73

STEPS INVOLVED IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION 73

ORGANISM STORAGE 74

FERMENTATION 74

TABLE 28 COMPARISON OF SOLID-STATE AND SUBMERED FERMENTATION 75

Types of Fermenters 75

Stirred-tank Fermenters 75

Tower Fermenters 75

Loop Fermenters 76

PRODUCTION PROCESS: BT 76

Storage of Strain 76

Cultivation Media 76

Sources of Carbon 76

Sources of Nitrogen 76

Revitalizing the Culture from Lyophilized State 77

Inoculants 77

Seed Fermenters 77

Primary Fermentation Process 77

Harvesting of Active Biomass 77

Formulations of Bt 78









PRODUCTION PROCESS: B. BASSIANA AND M. ANISOPLIAE 78

Preparing Seed Inoculants 78

Cultivation Process 78

Formulation of B. bassiana 79

PRODUCTION PROCESS: VIRAL INSECT PATHOGENS-(NPV) 79

Assessing the Quality of the Product 79

Mass Multiplication of NPV 80

PRODUCTION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES 80

CHAPTER 7 GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE MARKET 83

COSTS TO DEVELOP BIOPESTICDES 83

BIOPESTICIDE MANUFACTURERS 84

AGRAQUEST 84

CERTIS 84

KOPPERT 84

VALENT BIOSCIENCES 85

ADVANTAGES OF BIOPESTICIDES 85

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE BIOPESTICIDE MARKET 85

BIOPESTICIDE DOSAGES 85

TABLE 29 RECOMMENDED DOSAGES OF BIOPESTICIDES FOR VARIOUS CROPS 86

ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREA 87

TABLE 30 CURRENT GLOBAL ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREAS BY CROP TYPE (HA/%) 87

Regional Organic Crop Lands 87

TABLE 31 GLOBAL ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREAS BY REGION, 2010 (MILLION HA) 87

FIGURE 9 REGIONAL SHARE OF GLOBAL ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREAS 2010 (%) 88

MARKET CHALLENGES 88

GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES 90

TABLE 32 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES, 2014-2019 ($

MILLIONS) 90

TABLE 33 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES, BY TYPE,

THROUGH-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 90

FIGURE 10 PROJECTED SHARES OF GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES. 2014

AND 2019 (%) 91

PRODUCTS AND FORMULATIONS 92

MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES 92

TABLE 34 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES BY

FORMULATION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 92

GLOBAL MARKET FOR BACTERIA USED IN THE BIOPESTICIDE MARKET 93

TABLE 35 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BACTERIA USED IN BIOPESTICIDES,


GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUNGUS USED IN THE BIOPESTICIDE MARKET 93

TABLE 36 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUNGUS USED IN BIOPESTICIDES,


GLOBAL MARKET FOR VIRUSES USED IN THE BIOPESTICIDE MARKET 94

TABLE 37 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR VIRUSES USED IN BIOPESTICIDES,


GLOBAL MARKET FOR PREDATORS USED IN THE BIOPESTICIDE MARKET 94

TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PREDATORS USED AS BIOPESTICIDES, THROUGH










FIGURE 11 MARKET SHARE FOR PREDATORS USED AS BIOPESTICIDES, 2014 AND

2019 (%) 95

TABLE 39 SELECTED COMMERCIAL NEMATODES USED AS BIOPESTICIDES 96

BIOPESTICIDE DEMAND BY TYPE OF CROP 96

TABLE 40 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES, BY TYPE OF CROP,


FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARE OF GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES, BY CROP

TYPE, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 97

ORCHARD AND VEGETABLE CROP PROJECTIONS FOR BIOPESTICIDE USE 98

TABLE 41 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE IN ORCHARDS (CITRUS

AND NON-CITRUS FRUITS, NUTS), CASH CROPS (COTTON, TEA, COFFEE,

SUGARCANE, SPICES), VEGETABLES AND FLORICULTURE, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS)

98

FIGURE 13 PROJECTED PERCENT OF BIOPESTICIDE MARKET BY TYPE FOR

ORCHARDS, CASH CROPS, VEGETABLES AND FLORICULTURE, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 98

GRAZING/DRY LAND 100

TABLE 42 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE FOR GRAZING/DRY LAND,


FIGURE 14 PROJECTED GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, FOR

GRAZING/DRY LAND, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 100

FIELD CROP PROJECTIONS 102

TABLE 43 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, FOR FIELD CROPS,


FIGURE 15 SHARES OF GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE FOR FIELD

CROPS, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 102

TYPES OF BIOPESTICIDES AND THE GLOBAL MARKET 104

BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES 104

TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 104

TABLE 45 COMMERCIAL BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES 105

FUNGAL BIOPESTICIDES 105

TABLE 46 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUNGAL BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE,


FIGURE 16 BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDE MARKET, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 106

TABLE 47 SELECTED COMMERCIAL FUNGAL BIOPESTICIDES 107

VIRAL BIOPESTICIDES 108

TABLE 48 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR VIRAL BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE,


TABLE 49 SELECTED COMMERCIAL VIRAL BIOPESTICIDES 108

PREDATOR BIOPESTICIDES 109

TABLE 50 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PREDATOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 109

FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF PREDATORS BY TYPE, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 109

OTHER PREDATOR BIOPESTICIDES 111

TABLE 51 GLOBAL MARKET FOR OTHER PREDATOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE,










BIOPESTICIDES BY PRODUCT AND TYPE OF CROP 111

TABLE 52 PROJECTIONS OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY PRODUCT

AND BY TYPE OF CROP, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 111


TABLE 53 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY REGION, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 112

FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY REGION, 2014 AND

2019 (%) 113

THE AMERICAS 114

Residential Use in the U.S. 114

TABLE 54 PROJECTED BIOPESTICIDE MARKET IN THE AMERICAS, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 115

EMRA 115

TABLE 55 PROJECTED BIOPESTICIDE MARKET IN THE EMRA THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 115

ASIA 115

TABLE 56 PROJECTED BIOPESTICIDE MARKET IN THE ASIAN REGION, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 116

CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL REGULATIONS 118

IMPORTANT BIOPESTICIDES CONTROL AND PROMOTIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 118

WHO 118

THE AMERICAS 118

U.S. REGULATORY AGENCIES 118

U.S. REGULATIONS 119

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 119

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA), as amended by the

Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). 119

TABLE 57 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS EXEMPTED UNDER 25(B) OF THE FEDERAL

INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT 2010 AND 2011 120

United States Food and Drugs Act (USFDA) 120

USDA 120

Organic Certification Procedures 121

Agricultural Act of 2014 121

EMRA 122

EUROPE 122

France 123

Germany 123

ASIA 124

JAPAN 124

AUSTRALIAN PESTICIDES AND VETERINARY MEDICINES AUTHORITY

(APVMA) 124

INDIA 124

CHINA 125

CHAPTER 9 PATENTS 127

TABLE 58 BIOPESTICIDE PATENTS BY ENTITY, TYPE OF BIOPESTICIDE, PATENT

NUMBER AND YEAR FILED, 2010-2014 127









FIGURE 19 PERCENT OF REVIEWED PATENTS BY TYPE, BETWEEN FEBRUARY 2010

AND MARCH 2014 (%) 128

TABLE 59 BIOPESTICIDE PATENTS BY NUMBER, ENTITY, TYPE, DESCRIPTION AND

DATE ISSUED, FEBRUARY 2010-MARCH 2014 130

FIGURE 20 PATENTS ISSUED BY YEAR, BETWEEN 2010 AND 2014 135

TABLE 60 BIOPESTICIDE PATENTS BY COMPANY ISSUED BETWEEN FEBRUARY 2010

AND MARCH 2014 136

FIGURE 21 NUMBER OF PATENTS ISSUED BY COUNTRY, BETWEEN JANUARY 2010

AND MARCH 2014 (%) 137

CHAPTER 10 COMPANY PROFILES 139

ACTAGRO LLC 139

PRODUCTS 139

AG BIOCHEM INC. 139

PRODUCTS 140

Galltrol 140

Gallex 140

Target Pest and Mode of Action 140

AGBITECH PTY LTD. 140

PRODUCTS 141

ViVUS Max 141

Heligen 141

Magnet 141

Optimol 141

AGRAQUEST INC. (SEE BAYER CROP SCIENCE) 142

BIO-TECH LTD. 142

PRODUCTS 143

Agroneem 143

Biofit 143

Heliokill and Spondopterin 143

Meta-Guard 143

Biodart 143

AMIT BIOTECH 143

PRODUCTS 144

Pestoneem 144

Aquaneem 144

Rakshak 144

AMVAC CHEMICAL (AMERICAN VANGUARD CORP) 144

PRODUCTS 144

Amazin Plus 1.2% ME 144

Ecozin Plus 1.2% ME 144

Ornazin 3% EC 145

ANDERMATT BIOCONTROL AG 145

BACULOVIRUS PRODUCTS 145

Lymantria Dispar Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) 145

Capex 145

Cryptex 145

Helicovex 146









Littovir 146

Madex, Madex Plus, Madex Max, Top 146

Madex Twin 146

Neodiprion abietis NPV 146

Spexit 146

BENEFICIAL INSECTS 146

ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES 146

ARBICO ORGANICS 147

BAYER AG 147

PRODUCTS 147

Serenade 147

Rhapsody 148

Sonata 148

Requiem 148

BioAct 149

BAYER CROPSCIENCE BIOLOGICS GMBH (FORMERLY PROPHYTA BIOLOGISCHER

PFANZENSCHUTZ GMBH) 149

PRODUCTS 149

Contans WB 149

BioAct WG and BioAct WP 149

BASF CORP. (FORMERLY BECKER UNDERWOOD INC.) 150

PRODUCTS 150

Subtilex NG 150

Nemasys 150

Nemasys G 150

Nemasys L 150

Nematac C 151

BEDOUKIAN RESEARCH INC. 151

BIOAG ALLIANCE (MONSANTO AND NOVOZYMES) 151

BIOLOGIC CO. 151

PRODUCTS 152

Ecomask 152

Heteromask 152

Scanmask 152

Termask 152

BIOGARD 152

PRODUCTS 152

AQ 10 152

Isomate Line of Products 153

Isonet 153

Lepinox Plus 153

Naturalis 153

RAPAX 153

BIOSAFE SYSTEMS LLC 153

PRODUCTS 154

OxiDate 2.0 154

TerraClean 5.0 154

AzaGuard 154









Axxe 154

OxiPhos 154

StorOx 2.0 155

BIOTEPP 155

PRODUCTS 155

Virosoft CP4 155

BIOWORKS INC. 155

PRODUCTS 156

BotaniGard 156

RootShield PLUS 156

PlantSheild HC 156

MilStop 156

Cease 156

SuffOil-X 157

T-22 HC 157

PERpose Plus 157

BONIDE PRODUCTS 157

PRODUCTS 157

All Seasons Horicultural Spray, All Seasons RTU 157

CERTIS USA LLC 158

PRODUCTS 158

Madex HP 158

CoStar 158

Deliver 158

Agree WG 159

Crymax WDG 159

Deliver and Javelin WG 159

CYD-X 159

Lepinox WDG 159

PFR-97 159

Gemstar 160

Spod-X LC 160

Biofungicides 160

Double Nickel 55 160

Trilogy 160

SoilGard 160

Sil-Matrix Fungicide/Miticide/Insecticide 160

Tavano 5%SC Fungicide, OSO 5%SC Fungicide 161

Herbicide 161

Final-San-O non-selective grass and broadleaf herbicide 161

Insecticidal Soap 161

DES-X insecticidal Soap Concentrate 161

Nematicide 161

MeloCon WG 161

DOW AGROSCIENCES 162

PRODUCTS 162

Tracer Insect Control 162

Ensure Naturalyte 162









Success Naturalyte 162

DSM FOOD SPECIALTIES 162

PRODUCTS 163

Zivion M 163

EMBRAPA MILHO E SORGO 163

GOWAN COMPANY 163

PRODUCTS 163

GREENEEM 163

GROWTH PRODUCTS LTD. 164

PRODUCTS 164

Essential Plus 164

Companion Biological Fungicide 164

HEBEI VEYONG BIOCHEMICAL CO, LTD 164

HERCON ENVIRONMENTAL 165

PRODUCTS 165

Disrupt Products 165

ISAGRO SPA 165

PRODUCTS 166

Remedier Products 166

KOPPERT BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 166

PRODUCTS 166

Predators 166

Fungal Products 166

Enzicur 166

Trianum-G and Trianum-P 166

KUMIAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. 167

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS 167

PRODUCTS 167

Regalia 167

Regalia Rx 168

Grandevo 168

Zequanox 168

Opportune 169

Venerate 169

MBI-302, MBI-303 169

NATURAL FORCES LLC 169

PRODUCTS 170

SucrShield 170

Sorbishield 90 170

Divert 170

Flitter 170

NATURAL INDUSTRIES INC. 170

PRODUCTS 171

Actinovate AG, Actinovate SP and Actinovate STP 171

Actino-Iron 171

NoFly WP 171

NOVOZYMES A/S 171

PRODUCTS 172









Met52G 172

Met52 EC 172

OMNILYTICS INC. 172

PRODUCTS 172

Agriphage 172

ORGANIC MATERIALS REVIEW INSTITUE (OMRI) 172

PASTEURIA BIOSCIENCE INC. 173

PRODUCTS 173

Econem 173

PHYLLOM BIOPRODUCTS 173

PRODUCTS 174

BoreGone 174

BeetleGone 174

GrubGone 174

REAL IPM 174

PRODUCTS 174

Real Metahizium Anisopliae 69 174

Achieve (Metahizium 78) 174

Real Trichoderma 175

Real Bacillus subtilis 175

Predatory mites 175

RINCON-VITOVA INSECTARIES 175

RUSSELL IPM 175

SDS BIOTECH CO LTD. 176

PRODUCTS 176

SOIL TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 176

PRODUCTS 176

Armorex 176

Fungastop 176

Insectastop 177

Permatrol 177

Phydura 177

STOCKTON GROUP 177

PRODUCT 177

Timorex Gold 177

SUMITOMO CORP. (SEE VALENT) 178

SUMMIT CHEMICAL 178

PRODUCTS 178

Summit Biological Caterpillar and Webworm Control 178

SUTERRA 178

PRODUCTS 178

CheckMate 178

Magnet 178

T. STANES & CO. 179

PRODUCTS 179

Nimbecidine 179

Bio-Power 179

Bio-Catch 179









Bio-Magic 179

Bio-Nematon 180

Bio-Cure F 180

Bio-Cure B 180

Sting 180

TROY BIOSCIENCES INC. 180

PRODUCTS 181

Naturalis L 181

Stirrup M 181

Konsume 181

TYRATECH INC. 181

VALENT BIOSCIENCES CORP. 182

PRODUCTS 182

DiPel 182

XenTari 182

Novodor 183

VectoBac 183

VectoLex 183

Bactimos PT 183

MetaLarvS-PT 183

Foray 183

DiTera 183

VERDERA OY 184

PRODUCTS 184

Mycostop 184

Greenstim 184

Rotstop 185

WESTBRIDGE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 185

PRODUCTS 185

Botector 185

Blossom Protect 185

CHAPTER 11 APPENDIX: TECHNICAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 187

TECHNICAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 187

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE AND SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET,


TABLE 1 EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES VERSUS CHEMICAL PESTICIDES 13

TABLE 2 SELECTED BIOPESTICIDE/BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN COMMERCIAL USE, 2013 14

TABLE 3 ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS IN THE PESTICIDE/BIOPESTICIDE MARKET,

FEBRUARY 2011- APRIL 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 22

TABLE 4 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS BY REGION,


TABLE 5 ORGANIC CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS, BY COUNTRY, 2010 AND 2011 32

TABLE 6 TOP 10 EXPORTING COUNTRIES AND THEIR PRIMARY MARKETS, THROUGH

2010 ($ MILLIONS)* 33









TABLE 7 ORGANIC FARMING AREA, IN THE AMERICAS BY COUNTRY, 2010 (HA/SHARE

OF TOTAL AGRICULTURAL LAND) 35

TABLE 8 ORGANIC FARMING AREA, BY COUNTRY, 2010 (HA/SHARE OF TOTAL

AGRICULTURAL LAND) 36

TABLE 9 ORGANIC FARMING AREA BY COUNTRY, IN ASIA, 2010 (HA/SHARE OF

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL LAND) 37

TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 41

TABLE 11 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 41

TABLE 12 SALES OF SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES BY LEADING MANUFACTURERS,


TABLE 13 SELECTED SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES TO BE PHASED OUT IN THE EU BY 2015 46

TABLE 14 PROJECTED GLOBAL SEED MARKET, GM SEED MARKET AND NON-GM SEED

MARKET, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 51

TABLE 15 GLOBAL STATUS OF GM AND COMMERCIALIZED BIOTECH CROPS BY

COUNTRY RANKING, NUMBER OF HECTARES PLANTED AND CROP TYPE, 2011 53

TABLE 16 PROJECTED GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET BY REGION,

2013-2019 54

TABLE 17 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES, BY REGION, THROUGH


TABLE 18 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE USE IN THE AMERICAS BY


TABLE 19 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES IN THE EMRA BY REGION,


TABLE 20 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE USE IN THE EMRA BY


TABLE 21 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES IN ASIA BY REGION,


TABLE 22 PROJECTED MARKET FOR SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE USE IN THE ASIAN

REGION THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 58

TABLE 23 COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FUNGAL INSECTICIDES 61

TABLE 24 SELECTED COMMERCIALIZED NPVS 63

TABLE 25 SELECTED COMMERCIALIZED GVS 64

TABLE 26 SELECTED LISTING OF IMPORTANT PARASITOIDS 67

TABLE 27 COMMON PREDATORY MITES 68

TABLE 28 COMPARISON OF SOLID-STATE AND SUBMERED FERMENTATION 75

TABLE 29 RECOMMENDED DOSAGES OF BIOPESTICIDES FOR VARIOUS CROPS 86

TABLE 30 CURRENT GLOBAL ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREAS BY CROP TYPE (HA/%) 87

TABLE 31 GLOBAL ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREAS BY REGION, 2010 (MILLION HA) 87

TABLE 32 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES, 2014-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 90

TABLE 33 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES, BY TYPE,

THROUGH-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 90

TABLE 34 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES BY

FORMULATION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 92

TABLE 35 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BACTERIA USED IN BIOPESTICIDES,


TABLE 36 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUNGUS USED IN BIOPESTICIDES,










TABLE 37 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR VIRUSES USED IN BIOPESTICIDES,


TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PREDATORS USED AS BIOPESTICIDES, THROUGH


TABLE 39 SELECTED COMMERCIAL NEMATODES USED AS BIOPESTICIDES 96

TABLE 40 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES, BY TYPE OF CROP,


TABLE 41 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE IN ORCHARDS (CITRUS

AND NON-CITRUS FRUITS, NUTS), CASH CROPS (COTTON, TEA, COFFEE,

SUGARCANE, SPICES), VEGETABLES AND FLORICULTURE, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS)

98

TABLE 42 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE FOR GRAZING/DRY LAND,


TABLE 43 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, FOR FIELD CROPS,


TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 104

TABLE 45 COMMERCIAL BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES 105

TABLE 46 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUNGAL BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE,


TABLE 47 SELECTED COMMERCIAL FUNGAL BIOPESTICIDES 107

TABLE 48 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR VIRAL BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE,


TABLE 49 SELECTED COMMERCIAL VIRAL BIOPESTICIDES 108

TABLE 50 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PREDATOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 109

TABLE 51 GLOBAL MARKET FOR OTHER PREDATOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE,


TABLE 52 PROJECTIONS OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY PRODUCT AND

BY TYPE OF CROP, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 111

TABLE 53 PROJECTED GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY REGION, THROUGH

2019 ($ MILLIONS) 112

TABLE 54 PROJECTED BIOPESTICIDE MARKET IN THE AMERICAS, THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 115

TABLE 55 PROJECTED BIOPESTICIDE MARKET IN THE EMRA THROUGH 2019 ($

MILLIONS) 115

TABLE 56 PROJECTED BIOPESTICIDE MARKET IN THE ASIAN REGION, THROUGH 2019

($ MILLIONS) 116

TABLE 57 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS EXEMPTED UNDER 25(B) OF THE FEDERAL

INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT 2010 AND 2011 120

TABLE 58 BIOPESTICIDE PATENTS BY ENTITY, TYPE OF BIOPESTICIDE, PATENT

NUMBER AND YEAR FILED, 2010-2014 127

TABLE 59 BIOPESTICIDE PATENTS BY NUMBER, ENTITY, TYPE, DESCRIPTION AND

DATE ISSUED, FEBRUARY 2010-MARCH 2014 130

TABLE 60 BIOPESTICIDE PATENTS BY COMPANY ISSUED BETWEEN FEBRUARY 2010

AND MARCH 2014 136









LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE AND SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET, 2014

AND 2019, BY REGION (%) 7

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL GROWTH OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL LAND, 1999-2010

(MILLION HECTARES) 24

FIGURE 2 REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL LAND, 2010 (%) 25

FIGURE 3 MARKET SHARE OF REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTS, 2014

AND 2019 (%) 31

FIGURE 4 SHARE OF GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 42

FIGURE 5 MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURES OF SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES,

2013 (%) 44

FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY COMPANY, FOR GM SEED MARKET, 2013 (%) 51

FIGURE 7 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE MARKET, BY REGION, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 54

FIGURE 8 GENERAL PRODUCTION PROCEDURE FOR MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 71

FIGURE 9 REGIONAL SHARE OF GLOBAL ORGANIC CULTIVATION AREAS 2010 (%) 88

FIGURE 10 PROJECTED SHARES OF GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES. 2014 AND

2019 (%) 91

FIGURE 11 MARKET SHARE FOR PREDATORS USED AS BIOPESTICIDES, 2014 AND

2019 (%) 95

FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARE OF GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES, BY CROP TYPE,

2014 AND 2019 (%) 97

FIGURE 13 PROJECTED PERCENT OF BIOPESTICIDE MARKET BY TYPE FOR ORCHARDS,

CASH CROPS, VEGETABLES AND FLORICULTURE, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 98

FIGURE 14 PROJECTED GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE, FOR

GRAZING/DRY LAND, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 100

FIGURE 15 SHARES OF GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY TYPE FOR FIELD

CROPS, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 102

FIGURE 16 BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDE MARKET, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 106

FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF PREDATORS BY TYPE, 2014 AND 2019 (%) 109

FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR BIOPESTICIDES BY REGION, 2014 AND

2019 (%) 113

FIGURE 19 PERCENT OF REVIEWED PATENTS BY TYPE, BETWEEN FEBRUARY 2010

AND MARCH 2014 (%) 128

FIGURE 20 PATENTS ISSUED BY YEAR, BETWEEN 2010 AND 2014 135

FIGURE 21 NUMBER OF PATENTS ISSUED BY COUNTRY, BETWEEN JANUARY 2010

AND MARCH 2014 (%) 137








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