Global Geography (Geog 10)

Geography games

• http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/

India

India

• Population 1.12 billion• Capital: New Delhi• Largest city: Mumbai• Major Cities:

– Bangalore – Delhi – Hyderabad – Kolkata – Mumbai

• India holds two of the world's largest metropolitan areas.

• Mumbai (formerly Bombay) has over 16 million people and is the world's fifth largest area

• Calcutta is the tenth largest and has a population of 12 million.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg

South Asia - Population

• Densely populated – more than 7 times the world average

• 1.6 billion• ¼ people in the World

India vs. China - Population

• India is projected to overtake China as the world’s most populous country by 2040

• High growth rate 1.7%

• HIV/AIDS a major wild card

India

• Population: 1 billion (1/4 of everyone on planet)

• Only a quarter of them have access to clean water

• Half are illiterate

Pre-Monsoon Post Monsoon

Ganges

• Ganges

Photo credit: Karl GroblPhoto obtained from: http://www.karlgrobl.com/Ganges/

28 states, 7 territories

States and Territories

• 28 states: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab and Rajasthan.

• 7 union territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry.

History of India

• Trade routes

• Vast Empires

• British colony (mid 1800’s – 1947)– Gandhi

India Today

• World’s 4th largest economy (purchasing power)

• Problems:– Poverty and illiteracy– Malnutrition– Environmental degradation

Kashmir

Conflict in Kashmir

– 1947 – Creation of the two countries• Secular, mostly Hindu India• Muslim nation of Pakistan

– Conflict between Hindus and Muslims in Kashmir dates back to British rule before partition.

– India and Pakistan are technically still waiting for a UN decision on where the final border between the two countries will be.

– Civil war has erupted repeatedly and sporadic fighting continues along the boundary line. Both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons.

Jammu and Kashmir

Languages

• Hindi, Bengali and 13 other (official) languages, including Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit.

• Hindustani is widely spoken in the north, and English is, for the most part, the language of modern business.

Relgions

• Five major religions

• Hindu (80%), Muslim (13%), others

• Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here

Slums• The United Nation's Human Development

Index rates India the third worst in Asia, just above Bangladesh and Laos; there are millions of poor living in urban slums.

• Video: Slum Futures (20 min)

Culture

• http://www.mapsofindia.com/culture/india-culture.html

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

• As of 2007, a total of 851 sites are listed: 660 cultural, 166 natural, and 25 mixed properties, in 142 States Parties

• A specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State Parties (countries)

• Aims to catalogue, name, and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity.

UNESCO Sites - India Cultural • Agra Fort (1983) • Ajanta Caves (1983) • Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) •

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)

• Churches and Convents of Goa (1986) • Elephanta Caves (1987) • Ellora Caves (1983) • Fatehpur Sikri (1986) • Great Living Chola Temples (1987) • Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986) • Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram

(1984) • Group of Monuments at Pattadakal

(1987)

• Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993) • Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) •

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)

• Mountain Railways of India (1999) • Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi

(1993) • Red Fort Complex (2007) • Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003) • Sun Temple, Konârak (1984) • Taj Mahal (1983)

Natural • Kaziranga National Park (1985) • Keoladeo National Park (1985) • Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) • Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers

National Parks (1988) • Sundarbans National Park (1987)

The Taj Mahal

• Mausoleum located in Agra, India, that was built under Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

• Completed in 1648

Bollywood

• Bombay + Hollywood

• More films than Hollywood

Indian Diaspora

• SE Asians living or born abroad• Earliest migrations were to eastern Africa• In the US, citizens and residents of South

Asian origin now form the wealthiest ethnic group (US census)

• Brain drain• Many Indians are opposed to diaspora

because of degrading Western influence on cultures back home

Bangalore (or Bengalūru)

• India’s “Silicon Valley”• India’s 3rd largest city• 85% of Indians in the

state of Karnataka do not have access to a computer

Outsourcing and Call Centers • It costs less – $2/hr goes a lot further there

– Labor– Real estate– Other costs – warehouse, insurance, etc.

• Less governmental and environmental restrictions• There are willing employees – many are

educated• Downside to US: loss of jobs, decreased pay and

benefits• Not just manufacturing – computer/services

Outsourcing vs Offshoring

• Short-term contracts with 3rd party company

vs

• Moving a business to another country

Benefits to Outsourcing

• Cheaper products

• Access to variety of products

• Decreased inflation

• Businesses have more profits to invest

The Cost of Low Prices

• Ever-cheaper prices have consequences

• We want clean air, clear water, good living conditions, the best health care in the world--yet we aren't willing to pay for anything manufactured under those restrictions

Caste System

• Ancient system of dividing society into hereditary, hierarchical categories

• Jati – subcaste or community– Varna: four main tiers/divisions

• Brahmins – priestly caste• Kshatriyas – warriors and rulers• Vaishyas – landowning farmers and merchants• Sudras – low-status laborers and artisans

– Harijans – so low – no caste (perform tasks no one else will do)

– Adivasis – also outside caste system – descendents of region’s ancient original inhabitants

Caste System

• Caste and class not the same (class=economic status)

• Gandhi (leader during India’s fight for Independence) began effort to eliminate untouchability– India’s constitution now bans caste

discrimination– Affirmative action program

Video on Caste System

20 minutes

Women in SE Asia

• Status lower than men– Northwest in Afghanistan across western India and

into Bangladesh

• Most women are in arranged marriage• Dowry – price paid to husbands family

– Outlawed, but still persists– Cripples many poor families

• Bride Burning – widower marries again, collects another dowry

• Female Infanticide – too costly to have daughters

Improving Women’s Status

• Education

• Training

• Access to Internet

• Radio program in Afghanistan

• Organizations

• Government – council and parliament seats reserved for women

Bindi• Hindu women wear it on

forehead as decoration• Thought to protect them and

their husbands• Symbolizes opening of their

“third eye”• Usually made with vermillion

(mercury)• Yoga/Aryuvedic principles -

chakra – thought to prevent the loss of energy there

• Non- married/non-Hindus now wear

Sari

• Long cloth• Worn wrapped

around and over shoulder

• Choli – sari blouse worn underneath