Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSEPart 1: The United States
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
YOUR YOUR
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•MONITORING•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EM RESPONSE•RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
PREPAREDNESS AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF
GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
PREPAREDNESS AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF
GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
NOTE:EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR “BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON
PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS?
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness is
a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an
earthquake from causing a disaster
Preparedness is
a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an
earthquake from causing a disaster
WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE
(Emergency Response is
All of the scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake
to save lives and protect property
(Emergency Response is
All of the scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake
to save lives and protect property
NOTEAS CAPABILITY FOR
PREPAREDNESS INCREASES, SO DOES PROTECTION OF
IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
WHAT IS PROTECTION?WHAT IS PROTECTION?
(Protection is
a legally mandated state of planning and verified robustness, strength,
and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function
(Protection is
a legally mandated state of planning and verified robustness, strength,
and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function
THE GOALTHE GOAL
DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE:RESILIENCE:
CAPABILITIES OF CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
CAPABILITIES OF CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
REALITYREALITY
UNANTICIPATED UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
UNANTICIPATED UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
LACK OF EARTHQUAKE LACK OF EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS
INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT PREPAREDNESS OF PREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT PREPAREDNESS OF PREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
REALITYREALITY
URGENT DEMANDS ON URGENT DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
URGENT DEMANDS ON URGENT DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
LACK OF EMERGENCY LACK OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITYRESPONSE CAPABILITY
INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITY TO CAPABILITY TO RESPOND TO RESPOND TO DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITY TO CAPABILITY TO RESPOND TO RESPOND TO DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
FOCUS ON PREPAREDNESS
KEY ELEMENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
1) KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND SEISMICITY
2) KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES
3) KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
4) KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES
STATE-OF-THE-ART PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
INTEGRATES ALL FOUR FACTORS
FACTOR 1:KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND SEISMIC
ACTIVITY (i.e., SEISMICITY)
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
• PRONE TO EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS
• PRONE TO EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS
EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY
STATES WITH THE MOST EATHQUAKE ACTIVITY
FACTOR 2:KNOW YOUR FAULT
ZONES
FAULTSFAULTS
THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• SAN ANDREAS FAULT
• 600 MILES LONG
• SOURCE OF M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1847 AND 1906
• SAN ANDREAS FAULT
• 600 MILES LONG
• SOURCE OF M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1847 AND 1906
THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• THE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
• SUBDUCTING BENEATH WASHINGTON AND OREGON;
• POTENTIAL FOR M9.0 QUAKE
• THE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
• SUBDUCTING BENEATH WASHINGTON AND OREGON;
• POTENTIAL FOR M9.0 QUAKE
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• WASATCH FAULT (UTAH)
• 250 MILES LONG
• POTENTIAL SOURCE OF M7.0-7.5 EARTHQUAKES
• WASATCH FAULT (UTAH)
• 250 MILES LONG
• POTENTIAL SOURCE OF M7.0-7.5 EARTHQUAKES
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE
• SOURCE OF FOUR M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1811--1812
• NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE
• SOURCE OF FOUR M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1811--1812
FACTOR 3:KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL
DISASTER AGENTS
NOTEPREPAREADNESS AND
EM. RESPONSE INCREASE AS THE CAPABILITY TO
ANTICIPATE WHAT WILL HAPPEN
INCREASES
TO ANTICIPATE THE POTENTIAL DIS-ASTER AGENTS REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE
• STRONG GROUND SHAKING
• TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
• LIQUEFACTION
• LANDSLIDES
• AFTERSHOCKS
STRONG GROUND SHAKING STRONG GROUND SHAKING
FACTOR 4:KNOW YOUR
VULNERABILITIES
GROUND SHAKING CAUSES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES
EXAMPLES OF THE INTEGRATION
PROCESS
SAN FRANCISCO: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
SAN FRANCISCO: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)?
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)?
• WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA-STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL-NERABILITIES
• WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA-STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL-NERABILITIES
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)?
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)?
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES
• WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES
• WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?
ANCHORAGE, AK: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
ANCHORAGE, AK: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
SEATTLE, WA: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
SEATTLE, WA: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
LOS ANGELES: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
LOS ANGELES: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
SAN JUAN, PR: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
SAN JUAN, PR: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
ALASKA, WASHINGTON, OREGON, CALIF., PUERTO RICO
HOW BIG WILL THE TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP BE?
SALT LAKE CITY: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
SALT LAKE CITY: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
MEMPHIS,TN: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
MEMPHIS,TN: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
FOCUS ON EMERGENCY RESPONSE
NOTE:EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY
POLITICAL, SOCOMMUNITY LEADERS MUST BE
PREPARED FOR ONGOING MULTI-MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS WITH
NUMEROUS PUBLICS
TYPICAL SITUATIONS IN EMERGENCY. RESPONSE
• DAMAGE; DEBRIS
• COLLAPSE
• TRAPPED SURVIVORS
• SEARCH AND RESCUE CLOCK
• FIRE
• INUNDATION
• EVACUATION CENTERS
• EM. MEDICAL
• MASS CARE
• HAZ MAT RELEASE
• INJURIES
• DEATHS
KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HISTORIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be making history for at least forty-eight hours (a “place holder” for the intense period of search and rescue operations) and thirty days (a “place holder” for the intense time of the “no room for error” decisions) that must be made.
KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HEROIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be working at the margins of their capability for at least twenty-four hours and twenty-one days.
EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONSPart 2: The Wise Learn From All
Their Earthquake Disasters
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOLEXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL
• ALASKA (1964): Timely search and rescue during a forty-eight hour “race against time” to save lives and protect property
• ALASKA (1964): Timely search and rescue during a forty-eight hour “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
• ALASKA (1964):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
• ALASKA (1964):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS
• LOMA PRIETO, CA (1989):
• Timely responses during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
• LOMA PRIETO, CA (1989):
• Timely responses during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND COMMUTING CAPABILITY
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND COMMUTING CAPABILITY
• LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE (1989):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
• LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE (1989):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTIONEXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION
• NORTHRIDGE, CA (1994):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
• NORTHRIDGE, CA (1994):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: HAZ-MAT RELEASE AND FIRE
EXAMPLE: HAZ-MAT RELEASE AND FIRE
• ALASKA (1964): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
• ALASKA (1964): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONSPart 2: The Wise ALSO Learn From All Global Earthquake
Disasters
EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEADEXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD
• TANGSHAN, CHINA (1976) EARTHQUAKE: The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
• TANGSHAN, CHINA (1976) EARTHQUAKE: The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMIEXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI
• INDONESIA (2004): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
• INDONESIA (2004): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION BUILDINGS DAMAGED
EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION BUILDINGS DAMAGED
• CHINA (2008):
• The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
• CHINA (2008):
• The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 30,000 DEADEXAMPLE: 30,000 DEAD
• JAPAN (2011):
• The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
• JAPAN (2011):
• The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
CONCLUSIONEVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” FOR THE NEXT STEPS:
POST-DISASTER RECOVERY
THE NEXT STEPS:RECONSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
