GK 2015 Upto June

NavinShukla P a g e |1 Monday,May18,2015

15thCENSUS2011Since18721872:Mayo;1881:RipponPopulation 1210.2million

Density 382Sexratio 94306years 918

Literacyrate 73%

UttarPradeshDensity 829Sexratio 91206years 902

Literacyrate 67.7%

INDIANONMEMBER HEADQUARTER INDIAMEMBER HEADQUARTER

APEC(21) SingaporeBRICS,BASIC,IBSA,IORA(20),NAM,Colombo,SAFTA,BIMSTEC,G5,G15,G20,G22,G77,Commonwealth(54)

SCO(6) Shanghai,ChinaINTERPOL Lyon,France

OCED Paris,FranceASEAN(10) Jakarta,Indonesia SAARC (8) Kathmandu,NepalOPEC(12) Vienna,Austria ADB ManilaNATO(28)

EuropeanUnion(28) Brussels,BelgiumBIS(BanksforInternationalSettlements) Basal,Switzerland

IBSA UNEP Nairobi Kyotoprotocol

Arableague Cairo UNWTO Madrid1. GENEVA:WHO,WIPO,WMO,ITU,ISO,ILO,RedCross.(HIMRaSaTaL)2. ROME:Food&AgriculturalOrganisation(FAO)&Internationalfundforagriculturaldevelopment(IFAD).3. UNIVERSALPOSTALUNION:BERNE;UNIDO:VIENNA;GREENPEACE:Canada.4. WASINGTONDC:IMF&Worldbanks.

a. IBRDb. IDA(InternationalDevelopmentAssociation)c. IFC(InternationalFinanceCooperation)d. MIGA(MultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency)e. ICSID(InternationalCentreForSettlementofInvestmentDispute)

5. ASIAN10: (BPL TV CM SIM)Brunei, Philippines, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore,Indonesia,Myanmar.ASEAN,wasestablishedon8thAugust1967inBangkok,Thailand,withthesigningoftheASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia,Philippines,SingaporeandThailand.

6. G7:(CABFRJIG/FRECAJIG):Canada,America,Britain,France,Russia,Japan,Italy,Germany.7. OPEC12(ALENVIAKISQU):Algeria,Libya,Ecuador,Nigeria,Venezuela,Iran,Angola,Qatar,Iraq,SaudiArabia,

Kuwait,UAE.8. ShanghaiCorporationOrganisation:Tajikistan,Russia,Uzbekistan,China,Khazikistan,Kirgizstan.9. G5(CMIBSA):China,Mexico,India,Brazil,SouthAfrica.10. BIMSTEC:Bhutan,Bangladesh,India,Myanmar,SriLanka,ThailandandNepal.11. INDIANOCEANRIMASSOCIATION:A20membernationofINDIANOCEANintheassociation.12. G20:BRICS+G7+Argentina,Australia,Mexico,Indonesia,SouthKorea,SouthArabia,Turkey.13. Kyotoprotocol:

a. Emissiontradingi. CarbonCredit,ii. CarbonTax,iii. CarbonTransfer,

b. CleanDevelopmentManagement(CDM)MEETING 2015 2016

IBSA NewDelhi,India(7th)ASEAN(26th) Malaysia(26th)

G7 Germany(41st)NAM Venezuela,S.America

SAARC Islamabad,Pakistan(19th)G20 Turkey(10th) China(11th)

BRICS(7th) Ufa,RussiaSCOCHOGM Malta

BIMSTEC Nepal(4th)APEC Manila(27th) Lima,Peru(28th)NATO Warsaw,Poland(27th)

WorldTradeOrg. Nairobi,Kenya(10th)NuclearSecuritySummit USA

15

17

19

21

23

25

19811991 19912001 20012011

23.87

21.54

17.64

%Grow

thrat

e


VARIOUSHONOURS/AWARDSGLOBALBIODIVERSITYCONFERENCE

13th LosCabos,Mexico,2015PADMAVIBHUSHAN(Total9Recipient)26Jan2015

1. LalKrishnaAdvani2. PunjabChiefMinisterParkashSinghBadal3. SeniorAdvocateK.K.Venugopal4. NuclearScientistM.R.Srinivasan

5. PhilanthropistVeerendraHeggade6. SanskritScholarSwamiRambhadracharya7. ActorAmitabhBachchan,ActorDilipKumar8. KarimAlHussianiAgaKhan

NOBELPRIZE:1901[ROYALSWEDISHACADEMYOFSCIENCES,12Lacdollar]TheNoble prizewinner INDIANS (9): RN tagore [1913], CV Raman [1930], H. Khurana [1968],Mother Teresa[1979],SChadrashekhara[1983],Amartyasen[1998],V.S.Naipal[2010],Venkatramanramakrishnan[2009].

PEACE 2014:Malalayusufzai(Education)&KailashSatyarthi(Childrenrighti.e.BACHPANBACHAOANDOLAN).PHYSICS 2014:IsamuAkashaki,HiroshiAmano,ShujiNakamura.

CHEMISTRY 2014:EricBetzig,WilliamEMoerner,StefanWHellMEDICAL 2014:BrittMosar&EdvardMosar(DiscoverInnerGPSofBrain)

LITERATURE 2014:PatrickModiano,FrenchnovelistOldestrecipient:DorisLessing

BHARATRATNAAWARD,INDIA[1954]Totalaward:45(Upto2015)

1. 44thAtalBihariBajpai 2. 45thM.MadanMohanMalviyaRASHTRIYAKHELRATNAPRIZE:201213 RONJANSODI,shootingPRAVASHIBHARTIYADIWASMOIA(MinistryofOverseasIndianAffairs)79January

2015 MahatmaMandirGandhinagarGujarat(13th)GANDHIPEACEPRIZE

2014 IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation.THEMANBOOKERPRIZE,1929

2014 RichardFlanagan,ToNarrowroadtothedeepNorthBORLAUGAWARD,1992[CoromandelInternational,AFertilizerCompany]

2014 CSPrakashPULITZERPRIZE,1917(JOURNALISM)

2014 VijaySeshadri,3SectionspoetryJNANPITHAWARD

2014 BhalchandraVanajiNemade(Marathilitterateur)DADASAHEBFALKE

2014 ShashiKapoorSARASWATISAMMAN,1991(K.K.Birlafoundation:ScheduleVIIIofconstitutionforliteracywork)

2014 MVeerappaMoily(5volumeKannadapoemRamayanaMahanveshana).NATIONALSAHITYAACADEMYAWARDHINDINOVEL

2014 RaemshChandraShah(VinayakNovel)ABELPRIZEMATHEMATICS

2015 JohnForbesNash,Jr&LouisNirenbergTYLERPRIZEENVIRONMENTPROTECTION

2015 MadhavGadgil;ReportonwesternGhatFolioprizeLiterature

2015 AkhilSharma


BIOSPHERERESERVESOFINDIA[18]1) Nilgiri,19862) NandaDevi,1988,UK3) Nokrek,1988,Meghalaya4) GreatNikobar,19895) GulfofMannar,1989,TN6) Manas,19897) Sunderbans,19898) Simlipal,19949) Dibrushikhowa,1997,Assam

10) Dehangdebang,1998,ArunachalPradesh11) Pachamarhi,1999,MP12) KanchanDzongha,2000,Sikkim13) Agashthyamalai,2001,Kerala14) AchanakmarAmarkantak,200515) Kutch,2008Gujrat16) Colddessert,2009,HimachalPradesh17) Seshachalamhills,2010,AndhraPradesh18) Panna,2011,MadhyaPradesh

RAMSARWETLAND[26]TheConventiononWetlandscameintoforceforIndiaon1st February1982.

1) AshtamudiWetland,Kerala2) BhitarkanikaMangroves,Orissa3) BhojWetland,MadhyaPradesh4) ChandertalWetland,HimachalPradesh5) ChilikaLake,Orissa6) DeeporBeel,Assam7) EastCalcuttaWetlands,WB8) HarikeLake,Punjab[Beas&Sutlej]9) HokeraWetlandJammu&Kashmir10) Kanjli;Punjab11) KeoladeoNationalParkRajasthan12) KolleruLake,AndhraPradesh[Krishna&Godavari]13) LoktakLake,Manipur

14) NalsarovarBirdSanctuary,Gujarat15) PointCalimereWildlifeSanctuary,TN16) PongDamLake,HP17) RenukaWetland,HP18) Ropar,Punjab19) RudrasagarLake,Tripura20) SmbharLake,Rajasthan21) SasthamkottaLake,Kerala22) SurinsarMansarLakes,J&K23) Tsomoriri,J&K24) UpperGangaRiver,UP25) VembanadKolWetland,Kerala26) Wularlake,J&K

UNESCOWORLDHERITAGEININDIA(32)CulturalHeritagesites

1) RanikiVavatPatan,Gujarat(2014)2) HillFortsofRajasthan(2013)3) TheJantarMantar,Jaipur(2010)4) RedFortComplex(2007)5) ChampanerPavagadhArchaeologicalPark(2004)6) ChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus(2004)7) RockSheltersofBhimbetka,MP(2003)8) MahabodhiTempleComplexatBodhGaya(2002)9) AgraFort(1983)10) AjantaCaves(1983)11) BuddhistMonumentsatSanchi(1989)12) ChurchesandConventsofGoa(1986)13) ElephantaCaves(1987)14) ElloraCaves(1983)15) FatehpurSikri(1986)16) GreatLivingCholaTemples(1987)

17) GroupofMonumentsatHampi(1986)18) GroupofMonumentsatMahabalipuram(1984)19) GroupofMonumentsatPattadakal(1987)20) Humayun'sTomb,Delhi(1993)21) KhajurahoGroupofMonuments(1986)22) MountainRailwaysofIndia(1999)23) QutubMinaranditsMonuments,Delhi(1993)24) SunTemple,Konrak(1984)25) TajMahal(1983)

Natural1) GreatHimalayanNationalPark(2014)2) WesternGhats(2012)3) KazirangaNationalPark(1985)4) KeoladeoNationalPark(1985)5) ManasWildlifeSanctuary(1985)6) NandaDevi&ValleyofFlowers(1988)7) SundarbansNationalPark(1987)

STRAITSPalk: India&SriLanka

Messina: Italy&SicilyBosporus: SeparateEuropefromAsiaGibraltar: Spain&Morocco

Bass: Australia&TasmaniaMalacca: Malaysia&IndonesiaBearing: Russia&AlaskaDavis: Canada&GreenlandCook: NorthNewZealand&SouthNewZealand

Hormuz: ArabianSea&PersianGulfLaPerouse: RussiaandHokkaido,Japan


CONSTITUTIONOFINDIA[Britain,USA,Ireland,SouthAfrica,Australia,Germany,Canada,GOIAct,1935]FUNDAMENTALRIGHTS[partIII],USA,[Art14to32]Art19 Righttospeech(cansuspendedexceptcaseofarmedrebellion.)Art20 Protectioninrespectofconvictionofoffence (Neversuspendedduringemergency)Art21 Protectionoflife&Liberty (Never suspendedduringemergency)Art21(A) RighttoEducationaddedby86th amendmentact,2002Art24 Prohibitionofemploymentofchildreninfactories,etc.

Art32

Remedies forenforcementof rights.TheSupremeCourt shallhavepower to issuewrits, includingwritsinthenatureof1. HabeasCorpus:issuedincaseofunlawfuldetention.[e.g.RowlettsAct,1909]2. Mandamus:issuedagainstthosepublicofficerwhodontfulfilltheirpublicdutyexceptgovernor,Prez.3. Prohibition:issuedfromsuperiorcourttoinferioronetostopworkingoutsideitsjurisdiction.4. QuoWarranto:issuedagainstthosewhooccupyapublicofficeunlawfully.5. Certiorari:issuedfromsuperiorcourttoinferioronetoquashtheorder

DIRECTIVEPRINCIPLESOFSTATEPOLICY[PartIV],Ireland,[Art33to51]Art39(A) Equaljusticeandfreelegalaid

Art40

Organizationofvillagepanchayats. BalawantRaiMehtacommitteeaskedfor3tiersystem,includes

1. Villagepanchayat2. Panchayatsamite3. ZilaParishad

73rdamendment1991addedpartIX:Panchayatso ScheduleXIincludes29subjectsofPanchayats.

74thamendmentaddedIXA:Municipalities.o ScheduleXIIconsistsof18subjectofmunicipality.

Art41 Righttowork,toeducationandtopublicassistanceincertaincasese.g.MGNAREGA.Art42 Provisionforjustandhumaneconditionsofworkandmaternityrelief.Art44 UniformcivilcodeArt45 Provisionforfreeandcompulsoryeducation forchildrentill14years.Art47 Toraisethelevelofnutritionandthestandardoflivingandtoimprovepublichealth.Art48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandrye.g. Green Revolution (1965), Operation

flood.Art48(A) Protectionandimprovementofenvironmentandsafeguardingofforestsandwildlife.Art49 Protectionofmonumentsandplacesandobjectsofnationalimportance.Art50 Separationofjudiciaryfromexecutive.Art51 Promotionofinternationalpeaceandsecuritye.g.Panchsheelpactwithchina(1954).11FUNDAMENTALDUTY[PartIV(A)],Art51(A) Addedinconstitutionby42ndconstitutionalamendment1976(a)toabidebytheConstitutionandrespectitsidealsandinstitutions,theNationalFlagandtheNationalAnthem;(b)tocherishandfollowthenobleidealswhichinspiredournationalstruggleforfreedom;(c)toupholdandprotectthesovereignty,unityandintegrityofIndia;(e)Torenouncepracticesderogatorytothedignityofwomen; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers andwild life, and to havecompassionforlivingcreatures;(k)ChildEducationbetweentheageof6and14years.Art74 CouncilofMinisterstoaidandadvisePresident.

Art76AttorneygeneralofIndiaFirstlawofficerofcountry.

AppointedbythePresidentofIndia Nofixedtenure Receivefixedamountdecidedbypresident,Notsalary Cantakepartinproceedingofparliament,butcantvote.

Art79Parliamentcomprises

1. PresidentHeispartoflegislature,eventhoughhedoesntsitinparliament.2. Councilofstate(RajyaSabha)3. Houseofpeople(LokSabha)

Art80 CompositionoftheCouncilofStates. [250 (max) =238 elected +12 Nominated]. It isnotsubjecttodissolution.Itisapermanentbody.1/3ofitsmemberretiresonexpirationofevery2years.

Art81 CompositionoftheHouseofthePeople. [552(max)=530elected+20UTs+2Nominated)]

Art108JointsittingofbothhousecalledbyPresident incertaincases.

1. Billisrejectedbytheotherhouse2. Thehouseshavefinallydisagreed.3. More than6month elapsed from thedate of receptionof bill by otherhousewithoutbill

beingpassed.


Art112 MoneybillArt118 TheSpeakerPresidesoverthejointsittingofthetwohousesofparliament.Art123 Ordinancepowerofpresident duringrecessArt148 ComptrollerandAuditorGeneral(CAG)Art163 CouncilofMinisterstoaidandadvise governor.Art169 AbolitionorcreationofLegislativeCouncilsinStates.BicameralLegislative[7]:Telangana,AndhraPradesh,Bihar,UP,J&K,Maharashtra,Karnataka.Art213 OrdinancepowerofgovernorduringrecessArt214 Threenewhigh courts in India:Tripura,Meghalaya,Manipur. (21+3=24HighCourts.) [These 3statesaddedinIndiain1972];Article214providesthatthereshouldbeaHighcourtineachstate.Art262 Zonalcouncils(6)Chairman:UnionHomeMinisterArt263 InterstatecouncilunderrecommendationofSarkariacommissionChairman:PrimeMinister

PARTIX

Art243to243O[ThePanchayats]73rd amendmentact,19923tiersystem:

1. Panchayatatvillagelevel2. Districtpanchayatatdistrictlevel3. Intermediatepanchayat

TheelectorateisnamedGRAMSABHA

PARTIXAArt243Pto243ZG[TheMunicipalities]74th amendmentact,19923tiersystem:

1. Nagarpanchayat2. Municipalcouncil3. Municipalcorporation

Art280 FinancecommissionArt312 UnionpublicservicecommissionArt323A AdministrativeTribunalELECTIONCOMMISSIONOFINDIA[PartXV;Article324to329]

1. Article324:Powerofsuperintendence,directionandcontrolofelectionofPresident,Vicepresident,LS,RS,LA,LC.

2. TheelectionofPanchayatandMunicipalityconductedbyStateElectionCommission.3. ThetenureofCECis6years/65yearsage.4. Article326:RighttovoteonbasisofADULTSUFFRAGE(18yearsage)5. Art327CECofIndia:Dr.NasimZaidi(CEC)6. Art329:Disputeincaseofelectionfilledonelectionpetition.

a. DisputeofelectionofPresidentandVicePresidentSupremeCourtb. DisputeofelectionofMP/MLAHighCourt

Art335 ClaimsofScheduledCastesandScheduledTribestoservicesandposts.OFFICIALLANGUAGE[PARTXVII]Art343 OfficiallanguageoftheUnion (HindiinDevanagariscript)PARTXVIII[EMERGENCYPROVISION]Art352 ProclamationofemergencyunderWar,ExternalAggressionandArmedRebellion,Art356 Failureofconstitutionalmachinery instatescalledPresidentialrule.Art360 FinancialEmergency.{NotappliedinIndiatilldate}

PARTXXArt368

ConstitutionalAmendment.(2/3rd Majority)CASESTUDY:

1. ShankariPrashad(1951):FRsamendableasperSupremecourt2. SajjanSingh(1965):FRsamendableasperSupremecourt3. GolakNath(1967):FRsunamendableasperSupremecourtasperArt13limitation.4. KeshwanandBharti(1973):FRsareamendablewithoutchangeinBasicstructure5. Minervamillcase(1980):Violationofbasicstructureandjudicialreviewwasnull&void.

42ndAMENDMENT:1. Socialist,Secularandintegrityaddedtopreamble.2. DirectiveprincipleweregivenprecedenceoverFRs.3. Fundamentaldutieswereadded(Art51A).4. Administrativetribunals(Art323A)

91stAMENDMENT:1. Thetotalstrengthofcouncilofministershallnotexceed15%ofthetotalstrengthofhouse.Howeverin

smallstate,therecanbe12ministers.


MISSION/PROJECTSTARTEDBYCENTRALGOVERNMENTBUDGET201415

DIGITALINDIAIndias first hispeed Rural Broadband Network (HSRBN) wascommissionedinIdukkiDistrictofKeralaandwasdeclaredthefirstdistrict in the country linked to the National Optic Fibre Network(NOFN).

MAKEININDIA 25th September2014.SWACHHBHARATABHIYAN ToprovidetotalsanitationtoeveryIndianby2019.

SHYAMAPRASADMUKHERJIRURBANMISSIONSPMRM Todeliverintegratedprojectbasedinfrastructureintheruralareas

PRADHANMANTRIJANDHANYOJANA Insurance1lakh.SANSADADARSHGRAMYOJNA

1. Villageshouldhavepopulationofaround3,000to5000.2. MPsshouldnotadopttheirownorinlawsvillages.3. Onevillagetobedevelopedby2016andtwomoreby2019.

DEENDAYALUPADHYAYGRAMJYOTIYOJANA

1. InitiatedbyPMNarendraModi.2. ReplaceongoingRajivGandhiruralElectrificationYojana.

MISSIONINDRADHANUSHIt aims to immunize all children against 7 vaccine preventablediseases namely Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Polio,Tuberculosis,MeaslesAndHepatitisBby2020.

PROJECTMAUSAM SearouteandlandroutetoconnectholyplaceinIndia&outside.BHARATMALA RoadprojectproposedbytheUnionGovt. fromGujarattoMizoramtobebuiltalongIndiasvastWesttoEastlandborder.

NATIONALHERITAGEDEVELOPMENTANDAUGMENTATION(HRIDAY) Topreserveandrejuvenatetherichculturalheritageofthecountry.

ATALMISSIONFORREJUVENATIONANDURBANTRANSFORMATION

(AMRUT)

Second phase of JNNURM renamed under ministry of Urbandevelopment. 10year Programmewith total investment of about`2lakhcrore.

PMJEEVANJYOTI ` 330premium/year,` 200,000/ insurance,AGE


GAUTAMBUDDHALumbini,Kapilvastu

Bodhgaya,BiharDearPark,Sarnath

Kushinagar,UP

Birth(563BC)MeditationunderPipaltreeatUruvella(Bodhgaya)onthebankofRiverNiranjana.DeliveredfirstSermonDharmachakraPravartanaturningthewheelofLawDied(483BC)Mahaparinirvna

BUDDHISTCOUNCILS1. Rajigriha:Ajatshatru2. Vaisali:Kalashoka

3. Patliputra:Ashok4. Kashmir:Kaniska

CAPITALSHIFTIlltutmish LahoretoDelhiMohammadBinTughlak DelhitoDevgiri/DaultabadSikandarLodhi DelhiToAgra.

MUGHALEMPIRE1. Founder:Babur2. LastRuler:BahadurShahII3. Capitals:Agra>FatehpurSikri>Lahore>Agra>Shahjehanabad/Delhi4. Languages:Persian>ChagataiTrukic>Urdu5. Religion:Islam>DineIlahi>IslamBabur,Humayun,Akbar,Jahangir,ShahJahan,Aurangzeb,BahadurShahI13rulers:(BASSAAMkoMUnNIRAFIkeganesuntihai,FURRsatJAHAmiljatihai)JahandarShahFurrukhusiyarRafiUlDarjat

RafiUdDaulatNikusiyarMuhammadIbrahimMuhammadShah

AhmadShahBahadurAlamgirIIShahJahanIII

ShahAlamIIAkbarShahIIBahadurShahII

Portuguese(1501Cochin)>Dutch(1605)>English(Surat1608)>French(1668Surat) ACTBEFOREINDEPENDENCE

RegulatingAct,1773 SupremecourtatFortWilliaminKolkata.PittsIndiaact,1784

CharterAct,1793CharterAct,1813 TrademonopolyofEastIndiacompanyend.CharterAct,1833CharterAct,1853 Separategovernor ofBengalappointed.

GovernmentofIndiaAct,1858Directruleofcrown.EndOfRuleofEastIndiaCompanySecretaryofstateofIndia:IndiacouncilLastGovernorGeneral/FirstViceroy:Canning(185662)AssociationofIndiansnecessaryforBritishrule.[FIRSTICS:SNTAGORE]

Indiancouncilact,1861 EnvisagedassociationonIndianswiththeadministrationathigherlevel.Indiancouncilact,1892

MorleyMintoreform,1909 ProvideSeparateElectorate ofMuslimcommunitytowidengulfbetweenHinduandMuslim.GovernmentofIndiaAct,1915GovernmentofIndiaAct,1919/

Chelmsfordreport,1919IndianlegislaturemadeBicameral firsttime.RowlettactextraordinarypowerhasbeengiventosuppressthefreedomstrugglewithgeneralDyerasacommandant.

GovernmentofIndiaAct,1935Itprovidefederaltypegovernment.IntroducedprovincialautonomyandAbolisheddiarchyinprovincesMadeministerresponsibletolegislatureandfederationatcentre.

Crippsmission,March1942Cabinetmission(marchJune1946) EstablishmentofConstituentAssembly toframetheconstitution.

NAVARATNAOFAKBAR[BATBATMDH]Birbal,AbulFajal,Tansen,Bhagvandas,AbdulRahimKhanKhana,Todermal,ManShing,MullaDoPyaza,HakimHukam

VICEROYOFINDIADalhausi (184856): MAYO (186972): Rippon (188084): Dufferin (1885): Curzon (1905): Hardinge (1911):Chelmsford(191621):Reading(192126):Irwin(192631):Willington:Linlithgow(193643).


Dalhausi:1848:DoctrineofLapseSatara,Jhansi,Nagpur,Jaitpur,Sambhalpur,Baghait,Udaipur.1853:FirstRailwayfromthanetoMumbai1854:Postofficesystem&Postalstamp1854:WoodsDispatchSchemefordevelopmentofeducationinIndia(MagnacartaofEducation)

Rippon:

1881:Firstcompletecensus1881:FirstFactoryact(Childlabour)1882:RepealedVernacularPressactinwhichNoIndianlanguagenewspapercanpublishseditiousarticle.1882:Localselfgovernmentact[FatherofLocalselfgovernmentinIndia]1882:HunterreportPrimaryEducation1883:IlbertbillIndianjudgescanalsotrailthecasesofEuropeans.

WORLDCLIMATE010NS EquatorialRubber.

1020NS Savannatropical,calledNaturalZoo.[Llanos,Compos,Khno,Salisbury]2030NS Hotdesertclimate

3040NSWarmtemperate(Mediterranean)

1. Sirocco(Hotwind)Saharadessert2. Mistral(ColdWind)Rhonevalley,France(80km/hr.)

4050NS Temperate[Prairies(NA),Pampas(SA),Veld(S.Africa),Down(Australia),Steppes(Russia)].5570NS Taiga7090NS Arctic

CHINA BRITISH

TROPICALMONSOON

NEPALEARTHQUAKE(25thApril2015)OperationMaitri:IndianArmysreliefandrescueoperationinNepal.

Epicentre LamjungMagnitude 7.9[1to9 RichterScaleinLogbasis]

IntensityMeasurement 112(ModifiedMarcalliScale)Seismograph WorkingonPrincipleofInertia

Cause Convergence of Indian and EurasianTectonicsplates.

TypesofSeismicwavesPwave:UpDownSwave:FwdBakwardLOVE(LOngwaVE)/R:SurfaceWave(Ripples)

MajorTectonicPlates(6)

1. Pacificplate(Largest)2. Eurasianplate3. IndoAustralianplate

4. Africanaplate5. Americanplate(NA&SA)6. Antarcticaplate

PlateMovements Convergence Earthquake,Volcaniceruption,Formationofyoungfoldmountains.DivergenceandParallelmovements.Earthquakezonein

India(5zone)Zone5 (veryHigh risk i.e. Gujarat), Zone IV (High risk i.e.Himalayan,UP, Bihar),ZoneIII(Mumbai,Kolkata),ZoneII(Chennai),ZoneI(SouthernPlateauarea)

RingofFire DuetoconvergenceofPacific(11cm/year)EffectonHimalaya IndiareducestowardsNorth6cm/yearhencetheheightofHimalayaincreases.AverageDensityof

Earth 5.5gm/cm3i.e.(2.67gm/cm3,5.5gm/cm3,11gm/cm3)

CurriePointItisthetemperatureatwhichsolidbecomesviscous.HighertheDensity,HigherwillbeCurriepoint.Evenat6000C,InnercoreisSolidduetoHigherdensity.


ROCKS

IGNEOUSFormedfromlavahurledoutofavolcanoorfromthecoolingofhotmagmabelowthecrust.

1. GraniteCoursegrainedduetoslowcooling.2. BasaltFinegrainedduetofastcooling.

SEDIMENTARY

Formedbytheerosionandweatheringofotherrocktypes. Carriers:Wind,waterandsnow1. Sandstone is made from grains of sand, which have been naturally cemented

together.2. Chalk is made up of millions of tiny calcium carbonate (lime) skeletons of

microorganisms3. Coal,Gypsum,Petroleum

METAMORPHICThesetypesofrocksareformedwhenarockissubjectedtoheatand/orpressure.

1. Slate:Claywhensubjectedtoheatand/orpressuregetsmetamorphosedtoslate.2. Marble:Limestonegiverisetomarble.

SOILDISTRIBUTIONININDIAPedologyAlluvialsoil GreatIndianPlain,rivervalleys,coastalplainsanddeltas.

BlackCottonsoil(Regur)

Maharashtra,westernMadhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, GujaratandTN.

Red&yellowsoil: TamilNadu,Karnataka,AndhraPradeshandOrissa TripuraLateritesoil Coastal margins and plains of southern peninsula from West Bengal to southernMaharashtra

RedLoamsoil CG,MPAridsoil WesternRajasthan

MansonInIndiaSouthwestManson 1June5June 10June 15June 1July 15JulyRetreatingManson

PRESSUREDISTRIBUSTIONININDIAJanuary 1018 1014 mbarApril 1008 1010 mbarJuly 998 1010mbar

October 1011(Uniform) mbar

WINDDISTRIBUTIONFourtypesofwind1) Permanentwind

a) Tradewindb) Westerlyc) Polarwind

2) Periodicalwinda) Seabreezeb) Valleybreeze

3) Variablewinda) Cyclone

4) Localwinda) Loo(India)b) Siroccoc) Mistral(Rhonevalley)

FORESTININDIAMoistTropical

EvergreenFoundinregionsof200400cmannualrainfall.WesternGhats,EasternIndiaincludeOrissa,WB&NE,andA&NIsland.(e.g.

MoistTropicalDeciduous

MINISTRYOFENVIRONMENT&FORESTS1. OzoneCellisestablishedundertheMinistryofEnvironment&Forests forundertakingactivitiesrelatingto

implementationofViennaConventionandMontrealProtocol.2. ProjectTiger(1973):2226tigerin2014(Age>1.5years)i.e.30.5%increased.Karnatakahaslargest

numbers(406)oftiger.a. 49tigerreservesinIndia(asperdata)

i. RajajinationalparkUKis48thandKudremukhNationalparkinKarnatakais49th.b. The3newproposedtigerreservesare

(a) Ratapani(MadhyaPradesh),Sunabeda(Odisha),GuruGhasidas(Chhattisgarh)


HYDROPOWERPROJECTSJ&K:Salal&DulhastiinChenab;ChutakinSuru;NimmoBazqo(Indus);SewainRavi;Uri(Jhelum)HP:Bairasiul;Chamera;Manipur:Loktak;UK:Dhauliganga;Tanakpur;MP:Onkareshwar;Indirasagar;Orissa:Balimela,TamilNadu:Kundoh;Sikkim:Rangit;RiverTeesta

CHAMBALRIVERDAMItflowsinthreestate(MP,Rajasthan,UP).[Cityonbank: Gwalior,Dhaulpur&Kota](a) GandhiSagarDam;(b)JawaharSagarDam;(c)RanaPratapSagarDam

NARMADARIVER Origin:NarmadaKundatAmarkantak,situatedintheMaikalRange ItflowsinRIFTValley,flowingwestbetweentheSatpuraandVindhyachalrange. Itpassesthrough3states(MP,MaharashtraandGujarat). FALLS:DhuandharaFallsandBhedaghatFalls(MP); DAM:SardarSarovarDam.

RESERCHINSTITUTESRESEARCHINSTITUTE HQ

ICRISAT(InternationalCropResearchInstitutefortheSemiAridTropics),INCOIS,CentreforDNAFingerprintingandDiagnostics,CCMB

HILLS/MOUNTAINSinINDIA1) Karakoram>Ladakh>LEH>Zaskar>GreatHimalayan>Pirpanzal>Shivalik2) HillsinArunachalPradesh(Toptobottom):Mishmihills>Aborhills>Mirihills>Daflahills.3) Garo>Khasi>Jayantia>Mikir4) Mountainsfrombottomtoup:Cardamom52%).(g) NaturalRubber:Indiaranks3rdinproduction&4thinconsumptionwhileMalaysiaisthelargestproducer.

WORLDHAPPINESSREPORT(UN):PublishedbytheSustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork(SDSN).SWITZERLAND 001(Highest)INDIA 117TOGO 158(Lowest)

ENVIROMENTALDEMOCRACYINDEX(TheAccessInstitute&WorldResourceInstitute)LITHUANIA 1INDIA 24

ECONOMICALPLANS1) PlannedeconomyforIndiaDr.Vishveshwaraiya(1934)2) BombayplanJohnMathai(1944)3) GandhianplanSrimanNarayana(1944)4) PeoplesplanMNRoy(1945)

5) SarvodayaplanJaiPrakashNarayana(1950)6) Planningcommission(1952)7) NITIAayog(2014)

5YEARSPLANSININDIA12th(20122017): Faster,Sustainable andMoreInclusiveGrowth


DIFFERENCEAMONGBACTERIA,VIRUS,ALGAE,FUNGI&LICHENBacteria Virus Algae Fungi Lichen

It can float in airand live on icymountain tops. Ithas nochlorophyll. Itobtainnourishmentfrom living/Deadorganicmaterial.

Theyliveinsidehostcellofliving body. Antibioticshave no effect on virus asthey dont havemetabolism of their own.Three types of virus:Animalvirus(RNA&DNA),Plant virus (RNA) andbacterialvirus(DNA).

Algaearegreenandhavechlorophyll.It fixes atmosphericnitrogen into usefulcompound, used asfertilizer.Algae areautotrophic.

Non green, Nonchlorophyll,Heterotrophic,No definitetissue.E.g.: Mushroom,Yeast, Moulds,Puff balls, Toadballs.

It is a combinationofanalgae&Fungi.Algae manufacturefood. Fungusprovides water andmechanicalprotection.It found on bark oftreesandonrocks.

PROTOZOANDISEASESMalaria: BiteofFEMALEANOPHELESMOSQUITO[RBC&Liver]

VisceralLeismaniasis(KALAAJAR): BiteofSANDFLY[Affectedorgan:Bonemarrow]Sleepingsickness: BiteofTSETSEFLY(mostlyinruralarea)[Brain]

Diarrhea: BiteofHOUSEFLY[Affectedorgan:Intestine] VIRALDISEASERabies, Rubella (German measles) AIDS [Elisha Test], Poliomyelitis, Chickenpox, Mumps, Small Pox, Measles(Khasra),Influenza,YellowFever,Hepatitis,SARS,Chikungunia.

BACTERIALDISEASE[DiscoveredbyVanleeuwenhoek]Cholera, Gonorrhea, Diphtheria, Tuberculosis, Typhus, Tetanus, Typhoid [Widal Test], Meningitis, Pneumonia,BotulismorfoodpoisoningandSyphilis.Typhoidfeverspreadthroughcontaminatedfood,drink,orwater.

FUNGIDISEASEHeyfever,AthletesFoot,Ringworm.

ENDOCRINEGLANDS[Hormonessecretionsdirectlyintobloodwithoutduct]1) Pineal: Vestigialorgan.2) Pituitary: Smallestgland,calledasmastergland,secretsGrowthhormone&Oxytocinhormone3) Thyroid: 4) Thymus: Disappearduringoldage.Vestigialorgan5) Pancreas: [IsletsofLangerhans]6) Adrenal: Gland(ControlSugarMetabolism,SaltRetaining,SexHormones,SourceofEnergy).ItislocatedsuperiortoKIDNEY.7) Ovary&Testis:

CELLORGANELLESCellwall MadeupofcelluloseandChitin.

Cellmembrane Knownasplasmamembrane.MadeofproteinandLipid.Protoplasm Itisphysicalbasisoflife;99%ofitmadeofC,H,O,N.

Nucleus DiscoveredbyRobertBrown,contains1)Chromatin(DNA);2)Nucleolus(RNA).Ribosome ContainsRNA;AsiteforProteinSynthesis.Lysosome Digestivebagandaswellassuicidebag.

Endoplasmicreticulum Metabolism.Golgicomplex FormationofLysosome&peroxisomes.Mitochondria ContainsDNA;PowerHouseofcell;EnergystoredinformofATP.

Plastids FoundinPLANTCELL only;containsDNA;synthesizesFAT,Starch,andProtein. VITAMINB{solubleinWater},[VitamintermwasinventedbyFUNK]

B1 Thiamine BeriberiB2 Riboflavin Glossaries,keratitisB3 Niacin Pellagra,4SsyndromeB5 PantothenicAcid EarlyagingB6 Pyridoxine DermatitisB7 Biotin Muscularpain,growthfailureB9 FolicAcid MacrocyticAnemiaB12 Cynocobalamine PerniciousAnemia


AortaLeftventricleMistral/Bicuspidvalve

Leftatrium

PulmonaryveinsLUNGS

Pulmonaryartery

Rightventricle

Tricuspidvalve

RightAtrium(Pacemaker)

IMPUREBLOOD

EXOCRINEGLANDS[withduct]Liver,Pancreas,Sweat,salivary.

HEART:

DIGESTIVESYSTEMOFHUMANMouth PtyalindigeststhestarchandconvertsitintoMaltose(Disaccharide).

AlimentaryCanal Serosa,Muscularis(Innercircular,OuterLongitudinal),Submucosa,Mucossa

StomachMainlyProtein synthesis takes place. Absorption of simple sugar, Alcohol andmedicine.AnatomicalregionofHumanstomachconsistsofCardiac,FundusandPyloric.InStomachGastricjuicecontainsEnzyme:PepsinandRenin.

SmallIntestine Threeregions:Duodenum(Ushape),Ileum,Jejunum. InIleumSuccusEntericusconsistsofEnzyme:Sucrase,Maltase&Lactase.LargeIntestine ItconsistsofCaecum;Ascendingcolon,transversecolon,Descendingcolon,Rectum

GENETICALLYMODIFIEDCROPSTheBigFour:Soybean,Maize,RapeseedandCotton.

MINERALSMajor:C,Mg,O,N,K,P,Ca,S,H

Minor:Zn,Mn,Mo,B,Fe,Cu,Cl IMPORTANTDAYS

Worldmeteorologicalday:23rdMarchWorldtelecommunicationday:17thMayHumanrightday:10thDecember

Nationaltechnologyday:11th MayNationalscienceday:28thFebTeachersday:5thSeptember

Earthday:22ndAprilOzoneday:16thSeptemberEnvironmentday:5thJune

Goodgovernanceday:25thDecember WorldYogaday:21st June Nationalunityday:31st Oct

FAMOUSAUTHOR&HISBOOKSVSNAIPAUL: Amillionmutiniesnow,Inafreestate,Theenigmaofarrival,Bendofriver,HouseofMr.Biswas

SALMANRUSHDIE: Midnightchildren,SatanicversesARVINDADIGA: Whitetiger,Lastmanintower,BetweentheassassinationKIRANDESAI: Inheritanceofloss

ARUNDHATIRAI:SHASHITHAROOR:JASWANTSINGH:AMARTYASEN:

PRANABMUKHERJEE:NARENDRAMODI:

ListeningtograsshopperIndiaShastra:ReflectionsontheNationinOurTimeIndiaatriskTheIdeaofJusticeBeyondsurvival,TheDramaticDecade:TheIndiraGandhiYears

RENEWABLES2014GLOBALSTATUSTOTALCAPACITY/GENERATION WIND SOLAR

THERMALHYDROPOWER GEOTHERMAL BIOPOWER WIND Geothermal

1st China Spain China USA USA Gujrat,TamilNadu

1. Chhattisgarh2. Gujarat3. Andhra4. WestBengal

2nd USA USA 3rd Germany UAE 4th Spain INDIA 5th India Algeria INDIA


NEW/OLDNAMEOFCITIES/COUNTRIESIndonesia:EastDutchindiesSpanishguinea:EquatorialguineaSalisbury:HarareDutchGuiana:SurinamNyasaland:Malawi

Abyssinia: EthiopiaElliceIsland:TuvaluNorthernRhodesia:ZambiaBasutoland:LesothoDahomey:Benin

Batavia: JakartaSouthernRhodesia:ZimbabweSouthwestAfrica:NamibiaChristiana:OsloFormosa:Taiwan

SASTRIYALANGUAGES1) Odiya(14) 2) Malayalam(13) 3) Telugu (08) 4) Kannada (08) 5) Tamil 6) Sanskrit

TENISGRANDSLAM2014Winner(SinglesMenandsinglesWomen)1) Frenchopen(RollandGarros) MariaSharapova,Russia RafaelNadal,Spain(9);Total142) Wimbledon NovakDjokovic,Serbia3) AustralianOpen SerenaWilliams(6th);Total19 NovakDjokovic(Serbia)IndiasLeanderPaesandSwissMartinaHingis(MixedDoubles)

TYPESOFPRECIPITATION(1to5only)a) Fog:NightandMorningcondensation.b) Dew:nightandmorningcondensationc) Mist:eveningcondensationd) Frost:occurintropicalandsubtropicalareae) Rime:occurinsubpolararea

1) Rainfall:dropletdiameter>0.5mm2) Snowfall:3) Hails: water and Ice together (Tropical &

Subtropicalregion)4) Drizzle:dropletdiameterCapeTown>CapeOfGoodHope>CapeAgulhas>PortElizabeth>EastLondon>

Durban AUSTRALIA:(BSCMAPHD):Brisbane,Sydney,Canberra,Melbourne,Adelaide,Perth,Hobart,andDarwin. MERS(middleeastrespiratorysindrom):virus;countryeffectedwadSaudiArab VietnamrefusedtoparticipateinAsiangames2019. AreawisesmalleststateinIndiais:Goa(smallest)

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GK 2015 Upto June