The ALTO facility

Georgi Georgiev,

CSNSM, Orsay, France

Stable beams 3928 h /y

25% light ion beams 984 h

75% heavy ion beams 1964 h

RIB 360 h /y

The ALTO facility

360 staff members

250 outside users (30 countries) /y

15 MV 50 MeV

Stable and radioactive installations within a unique facility

Program Advisory Committee • R.F. Casten (Chairman) • E. Balanzat – Caen • D. Balabanski – Bucharest • S. Grévy - Bordeaux • E. Khan – Orsay • A. Maj - Krakow • P. Regan – Surrey • P. Reiter – Cologne • B. Rubio – Valencia • J.-C. Thomas – GANIL • A. Tumino – Catania • C. Trautmann - GSI

Split-pole

Bacchus

ORGAM &

MINORCA

Licorne

Isol

mass separator and

low-energy RIB lines

cluster,

molecular &

droplets beams

Stable beam with spectrometer

Stable beam w/o spectrometer

Radioactive beam lines

Isol

production cave

e LINAC

Experimental areas

ca 1964 : mass spectrometry activities in Orsay

beginning of the 70’s : the ISOCELE ISOL setup at the Orsay SC (now proton therapy center)

end 70’s/beginning 80’s, upgrade of the SC ISOCELE2

end 80’s, first online laser ion source at IPN: PILIS

beginning 90’s PILIS activity moves to ISOLDE/CERN → COMPLIS setup

End 90’s, beginning 2000’s ISOL activity back at IPN: PARRNe

mid - 90’s SPIRAL project SPIRAL2 : increase the mass range introduction of the ISOL technique at GANIL d vs e- driver option

A bit of history

exploratory photo-fission experiment at CERN

arrival of the LINAC cavity from

decommissioned LEP injector

construction of the LINAC bunker

RF system

First e-beam extracted

UCx target on line with e-beam

– production yields measurements

Commissioning : tests and radiation safety measurements

TIS vault

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1999

1998

building of the low energy beam

lines + laser ion source

2011

2012

2013

green light from French nuclear

safety authorities

BEDO commissioning

first laser ionized RIB

83Ga -> 83Ge b-decay

81Zn -> 81Ga b-decay

84Ga -> 84Ge b-decay

initial idea of a R&D test bench for the SPIRAL2 project at the Orsay Tandem

INAUGURATION

figures from

Y. Oganessian et al., NPA 701 (2002) 87c

20 µA 25 MeV e- + 40 g/cm2 238U

1.5 1011 f/s

238U(γ,f) cross section from

J.T.Caldwell et al., PRC 21 (1980) 1215

Photofission

First proposed RIB facility based on photo-fission: William T. Diamond, Chalk River, 1998

LEP injector: 50 MeV e-

Photofission at CERN-LPI

F Ibrahim et al, EPJA 15 (2002)

e-

electron linac

10 µA, 50 MeV

Parrne mass separator

target & ion source

1011 photofissions /s

Photofission at Alto

F Ibrahim et al, International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Research

Applications and Utilisation of Accelerators, Vienna (2009)

Photofission at Alto

measured mass-separated yields for 100 nA 50 MeV e-

similar to 1 µA 26 MeV d

therefore projected gain of 100x at 10 µA of e-

Production pps /10 µA e-

Stable

104 – 105 105 – 5 105

5 105 – 106 106 – 5 106 5 106 – 107 107 – 5 107

5 107 – 108 108 – 5 108 5 108 – 5 109

extrapolation from the systematic yield measurements made in June 2006 at 100 nA primary intensity

(excursions up to 10µA was possible during the commissioning phase)

Fluka fission rate in 3.2 g/cm3 UCx target

M Cheikh et al, NIM B 266 (2008)

f/cm3/s

further target optimisation is possible:

standard Isolde target

with external oven for mass marker

∅ = 14 mm L = 140 mm

ρ = 3.2 g/cm3

T ≤ 2000 °C

Target and ion source

e- energy

deposit in

first 2.65 cm

Physics: B(E2) through fast timing

test case 137,139Cs B Roussière et al, EPJA 47 (2011)

Collaboration IPN, CSNSM, INRNE-Sofia,

Tandar-Buenos Aires

Accelerate release of Ln and other

chemically reactive elements through

fluorinated molecular beams

Higher yields by increasing

UCx density up to 13 g/cm3

Control porosity

Reduce pellet thickness

B Hy et al, NIM B 288 (2012) 34

Ensar ActiLab: IPN, Cern, Ganil, INFN

Target and ion source developments

Rialto: Resonant laser ionisation at Alto

S. Franchoo et al.

Mezzanine of the mass separator/RIB zone

Nd:Yag pump laser (532 nm, 90 W)

2 dye lasers (540-850 nm, 8W @ 30W pump,

10 ns pulse width, 3 GHz line width)

BBO doubling units (270-425 nm, >100 mW)

2011, 2012: Gallium with two

ionisation schemes

2013: Zinc with frequency tripling

2014: Off-line chamber for

development of laser schemes

First step

Second step

Collaboration IPN Orsay, Isolde,

Univ. Manchester, Univ. Mainz

Rialto: Resonant laser ionisation at Alto

electron multiplier

laser

ohmic heating

Zn: 4s4p 1P1 → 4s4d 1D

2

Zn81

Present limit of structure knowledge (at least few excited states are known)

hot plasma ionization (1 µA deuteron primary beam) O. Perru PhD – def. 10th December 2004 Eur. Phys. J. A 28, 307 (2006) surface ionization (2-4 µA electron primary beam) M. Lebois PhD – def. 23th September 2008 PRC 80, 044308 (2009) B. Tastet PhD – def. 13th May 2011 PRC 87, 054307 (2013) D. Testov PhD – def. 17th January 2014 laser ionization (10 µA electron primary beam) K. Kolos PhD – def. September 2012 PRC 88, 047301 (2013)

Ga84 Ga83 Ga82 Ga85 Ga80 Ga79

Ge80 Ge79 Ge81 Ge85 Ge86

As82

hot plasma ionization (1 µA deuteron primary beam) PRC 76 (2007) 054312 laser ionization

more than 10 years of experiments in the 78Ni region at the PARRNe mass separator (Tandem/ALTO) D. Verney et al.

Zn82

b-decay spectroscopy in the N=50 region

Bedo setup

in gamma mode

4 small Exogam

clovers

Bedo setup

in neutron mode

JINR neutron

detector Tetra

80 3He tubes ε(252Cf) = 53%

borated polyethylene shielding

LaBr3

LaBr3

fast timing

up to 5 Ge detectors ε = 5-6%

4π β trigger

BGO anti-Compton

BEDO: Beta decay at Orsay

D. Verney et al.

laser-ionised 83Ga beam

4π neutron detector

4π β & 1 Ge detector

D Testov et al., submitted to NIM

Tetra: Beta-delayed neutron emission

βγ

βnγ

83Ga T1/2=0.312s

83Ge

βn P

n = 85(4)%

this work N=50

82Ge

Approved experiments to be scheduled

N=50 β-γ experiments ● Etile – Verney et al. ● Astier et al

mid-shell Ln’s β-γ fast-timing ● Roussière et al.

n-rich Ge β-γ and β-n experiments ● Duchêne et al.

132Sn region β-γ and β-n experiments ● Penionzhkevich et al. ● Didierjean et al. ● Lozeva et al. ● Gottardo et al. ● R. Li/M. Ramdhane et al.

n-rich Se β-γ and β-n experiments ● Kurtukian Nieto et al.

TAS measurements program ● A.Algora/M. Fallot/A. Porta/B.Rubio/J.L.Tain et al.

BEDO/TETRA (existing)

LINO (project)

TAS (project)

TETRA (existing)

Identification station

Parrne mass separator

POLAREX (project)

Low-energy radioactive ion beams at Alto

MLL Trap (project)

132Sn 100Sn

rp process r process

• more accurate theoretical lifetimes of

the N=82 isotones below 129Ag

• shell quenching vs deformation

• shell effect in radii

b-delayed spectroscopy of laser-polarized beams ground and isomeric state properties of 110-126Ag and 128-133In

β-decay of polarized 121-126Ag and 128-133In

LINO: Laser-induced nuclear orientation

D. Yordanov et al. French ANR funding scheme requested

polarisation by optical pumping

µ & Q from nuclear magnetic resonance

β-delayed spectroscopy of laser-polarized beams

LINO: Laser-induced nuclear orientation

CSNSM off-line validation

Rejuvenation of dilution cryostat

Preparation at Alto

Structural integration & beam-line design

CSNSM Orsay

LPSC Grenoble

IPN Orsay

INM Paris

University of Tennessee

University of Maryland

University of Oxford

University of Novi Sad

Polarex: Nuclear Orientation On-Line

Proposed roadmap at Alto:

• Phase 1: install Valencia-Surrey TAS@ALTO (12 BaF2) at existing beam line,

for nuclei of interest that could be easily selected

• Phase 2: more challenging cases with laser ion source for selection, in parallel

with development of dedicated TAS beam line

• Phase 3: synergy with Bedo and Tetra for βn emitters and more exotic

isotopes. Common measurement campaigns with complementary beam lines?

• in parallel, new detector developments combining higher resolution with

efficiency such as LaBr3 or CeBr3 for Alto then Spiral-2

IFIC, Valencia

Subatech, Nantes

University of Surrey, Guildford

University of Jyväskylä

Ciemat, Madrid

Tas: Total Absorption Spectroscopy

MONSTER

TONNERRE

BEDO

TAS

BELEN TETRA

Si-Cube

BESTIOL

DETRAP

MLL Trap

LPCTrap

PIPERADE

GPIB

LUMIERE

CRIS

b-NMR

Initiate the physics for Spiral-2 at Ganil:

Desir, S3, NFS

NFS

REGLIS

LINO

RIALTO

LICORNE

BEDO TETRA

LINO

► Stable and Radioactive beam facility ► R&D on ISOL & RIB ► low-energy physics program based on photo-fission ► R&D and physics at ALTO pave the way to Spiral-2 at Ganil: initiate physics program, train new generation of ISOL physicists, develop instruments and methodologies