George Washington

HECHO POR:VICTOR PARRON

JOSE PEÑA DAVID VILLEGAS

George Washington

• George Washington (b. February 22, 1732 - † December 14, 1799) [1] [2] [3] was the first President of the United States between 1789 and 1797 [4] [5] [6] and Commander Chief of the revolutionary Continental Army during the War of Independence of the United States (1775-1783). In the United States is considered the Father of the Fatherland. [5] [6] Washington began winning awards arming troops of the colony of Virginia to support the British Empire during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), a conflict he inadvertently helped start.

Children & Youth • George Washington was born on

February 22, 1732 as the first son of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington, on the grounds of Pope's Creek near present-day Colonial Beach in Westmoreland County (Virginia). Washington's ancestors were from Sulgrave, England. His great grandfather, John Washington, emigrated to Virginia in 1657. [10] His father had four children by his first wife, Jane Butler, two died young, but survived two other sons (Lawrence, born about 1718, and Augustine, born around 1720). His father owned a plantation worked by slaves, but then tried his luck with the extraction of iron. His mother lived to see his son become a celebrity, but maintained a strained relationship with him. During the youth of George Washington were the moderately prosperous members of the aristocracy of Virginia of "medium range" [11].

French and Indian War • In 1754, Dinwiddie appointed Washington

lieutenant colonel and ordered him to undertake an expedition to Fort Duquesne to drive out the French Canadians. [December] with their Indian allies led by Tanacharison Americans, Washington and his troops ambushed a French Canadian expeditionary force of about 30 men, led by Joseph Coulon of Jumonville, in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen. [21] A force bigger and better positioned French Canadian and Indian overwhelmed Washington and his troops at Fort Necessity, as called Battle of Great Meadows, leading to the military surrender of Washington. The terms of surrender included a statement that Washington had assassinated Jumonville recognized after the ambush. Washington could not read French, and, without realizing what they recognized, signed his name. [22] Released by the French, Washington returned to Virginia, where he was absolved of blame for the defeat, but resigned because did not like the new provision in the Virginia Militia. [22] In 1755, Washington was aide to British General Edward Braddock in Braddock Expedition. [12] This issue is based

Against regular army militia

• As an officer in the colonial militia, though ranking, Washington was well aware of the difference between military officers and regular British Army. His older brother Lawrence had been lucky enough to receive a command in the British Army as an infantry captain in the summer of 1740 when the British Army raised a new regiment in the colonies to serve in the West Indies during the War of Jenkins' Ear. [26] [27] In each colony was allowed to appoint their own officers of the company, captains and lieutenants, and Colonel William Blakeney distributed them by signing the orders to various governors. [28] Fifteen years later, when General Braddock arrived in Virginia in 1755 with two regiments of regular Washington tried to get a command but were not available for purchase.

Mount Vernon • On January 6, 1759, Washington

married widow Martha Dandridge Custis. The letters that have survived suggest believe that George and Martha were that he may have been in love at once with Sally Fairfax, the wife of a friend. Some historians distant relatives. However, George and Martha had a good marriage, and together they raised their two children from his previous marriage, John Parke Custis and Martha Parke Custis, affectionately called "Jackie" and "Patsy" by the family. Later, Washington hosted two of the grandchildren of Mrs. Washington, Eleanor Parke Custis and George Washington Parke Custis. George and Martha never had children together, as their previous bout with smallpox at the age of 19 years [31] could have made him sterile. The newlywed couple moved to Mount Vernon, near Alexandria, where Washington was devoted to the landowner and political life

The American Revolution • After defeats in Lexington and Concord

in April 1775, Washington appeared in the Continental Congress in military uniform, saying it was prepared for armed struggle. Washington had the prestige, experience, charisma and poise of any great military leader and was known for his reputation as a strong patriot, and the southern colonies, especially Virginia, supported him. Although not explicitly sought the post of commander and even claimed he was not trained for it, there was no serious competition for the job. Washington accepted the command, saying "with great sincerity, I do not keep up with a commander, I am honored." Congress created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775. Submitted by John Adams of Massachusetts to lead one to believe that an army composed mainly southern and northern, help to unite the colonies. Washington was appointed Major General and requested that he be paid except the reimbursement of expenses.

Patriots victory • British forces defeated Washington's troops at the Battle

of Brandywine on September 11, 1777. Howe beat Washington and went to Philadelphia without opposition on 26 September. Washington's army unsuccessfully attacked the British garrison at the Battle of Germantown in early October. Meanwhile, General John Burgoyne, out of reach of help from Howe, was trapped and forced to surrender his army at the Battle of Saratoga, New York. France responded to the defeat of Burgoyne entering the war, in open alliance with the United States, making the revolutionary struggle in a global war. The loss of Philadelphia by Washington led to some members of Congress to discuss the removal of Washington's command. This attempt failed after Washington's supporters gathered around him.

After the war • In March 1783, Washington used his influence to disperse a

group of army officers who had threatened to confront Congress regarding their back pay. By the Treaty of Paris (signed that September), the Kingdom of Great Britain recognized the United States of America as an independent republic. Washington disbanded his army and November 2 gave an eloquent farewell address to his soldiers. [40] On 25 November the British evacuated New York and the new governor took office. At Fraunces Tavern on December 4, Washington formally gave his official farewell and the December 23, 1783, resigned his command as Commander in Chief, emulating the Roman general Cincinnatus. He was an example of the republican ideal of citizen leadership who rejected power. During this period, there was no post of President of the United States under the Articles of Confederation, precursor to the Constitution.

Presidency (1789-1797) .• The Electoral College unanimously

elected Washington in the elections of 1789 and again in the elections of 1792, which remains the only president who has received 100% of electoral votes. [41] In his inauguration, John Adams was elected vice president. Washington took the oath of office as first president under the Constitution of the United States of America on April 30, 1789, at Federal Hall in New York, although at first he did not want the job. [42] The first U.S. Congress voted to pay Washington a salary of $ 25,000 a year, a large sum in 1789. Washington, already wealthy, declined the salary, since he valued his image as a selfless public servant. At the request of Congress, however, finally agreed to pay to avoid creating a precedent by which the presidency would be perceived as a separate charge limited only to wealthy people who could serve without pay. Washington attended carefully to the pomp and ceremony of office, making sure that the titles and symbols Republicans never emulated European royal courts.

Farewell Speech • The "Farewell Address" of Washington (published as a public

letter in 1796) was one of the most influential statements of American political values. [50] Drafted primarily by Washington himself, with help from Hamilton, who gave advice about the need and importance of national unity, the value of the Constitution and the rule of law, the evils of political parties and the virtues of a republican people. While other versions refused suggested,,which included the statement that morality requires a "divinely authoritative religion," calling morality "a necessary source for a popular government." He said: "Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.

Withdrawal from political life and death

• After retiring from the presidency in March 1797, Washington returned to Mount Vernon with a profound sense of relief. Devoted much time to farming. On July 4, 1798, Washington was commissioned by President John Adams to lieutenant general and commander in chief of the armies that were raised prospect of war with France. He served as the Senior U.S. Army from July 13, 1798 and December 14, 1799. Participated in the planning of a provisional army to handle any emergency that might arise, but it did not campaign. [12] [54] On December 12, 1799, Washington spent several hours inspecting his farms on horseback, in snow and under sleet and freezing rain late. He sat down to dinner that evening without changing his wet clothes. The next morning he awoke with a bad cold, fever and a throat infection called strep that turned into acute laryngitis and pneumonia. Washington died the night of December 14, 1799 at his home at 67 years old, as she attended the Dr. James Craik, one of his closest friends, Dr. Gustav Ri

Memory • Equestrian Statue (1860, Clark Mills)

at Washington Circle, Washington, DC.Hoy days, Washington's face and image are often used as national symbols of the United States, along with icons like the flag and shield. He appears in today's money, including dollar bill and quarter dollar coin, and the U.S. postage Along with his appearance in the first issue of stamps by the U.S. Post Office in 1847, [63] Washington has been represented on U.S. postage stamps more than all the other notable Americans together, as Abraham Lincoln and Benjamin Franklin. [63] [64] Washington, along with Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, is depicted in stone at the monument of Mount Rushmore. The Washington Monument, one of the best known in America, was built in his honor. "The George Washington Masonic National Memorial in Alexandria, Virginia, was built between 1922-1932 by voluntary contributions from the 52 local government bodies of Freemasons in the United States

Life Style • Along with the biological family of

Martha, as noted above, George Washington had a close relationship with his nephew and heir Bushrod Washington, son of George's younger brother, John Augustine Washington. Bushrod became Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States after George's death. When I was young, Washington had red hair. [68] [69] It was hard to miss, measuring about six feet two inches, almost 1 meter and 88 centimeters (many estimates of his weight) higher than the Most of his contemporaries. A popular myth is that wearing a wig, as was fashionable in some of his contemporaries. Washington wore a wig, but his hair enpolvado, [70] as represented in several portraits, including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait unfinished.

Washington and slavery • El comercio de esclavos continuó durante

toda la vida de George Washington. A la muerte de su padre en 1743, él tenía 11 años de edad y heredó 10 esclavos. En el momento de su matrimonio con Martha en 1759, él tenía por los menos 36 de propiedad privada (la viuda aportó de la herencia de su primer marido al menos 85 "esclavos de dote" a Mount Vernon). Con la gran riqueza de su esposa compró tierras, triplicando el tamaño de la plantación y los esclavos adicionales para cultivarlas. En 1774, pagó impuestos sobre 135 esclavos (esto no incluye la dote). El último registro de una compra de esclavos suya fue en 1772, aunque más tarde recibió algunos esclavos en pago de deudas.76 Washington también utilizaba sirvientes blancos.77 78

• Antes de la Revolución Americana, Washington no expresó ninguna reserva moral a la esclavitud, pero en 1786, le escribió a Robert Morris diciendo: "No hay un hombre vivo que quiera más sinceramente que yo, ver un plan adoptado para la abolición de la esclavitud."79 En 1778, escribió a su capataz en Mount Vernon que deseaba "conseguir que se marcharan los negros".