Geophysics V2[1]

8/2/2019 Geophysics V2[1]

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Seismic Acquisition & ProcessingReservoir Geophysics, Multi-Physics

Panos G. KelamisEXPEC Advanced Research Center - Geophysics Technology


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EXPEC ARC Focus Areas

EXPEC ARC Focus Areas

Seismic

Acquisition &Processing

Near Surface

Advanced

DepthImaging

ReservoirGeophysics Non-Seismic

ReservoirQuality

BasinModeling &Simulation*

Fluid andMigration &Productivity

CarbonStorage

ReservoirArchitecture

ProductivityEnhancement

AdvancedCompletions Tight Gas

MultiphaseMetering Artificial lift Smart Fluids

ExtendedReach Drilling

Slim HoleDrilling

AdvancedDrillingComponents

DrillingFluids

AlternativeCuttingMethods

Parallel

ReservoirSimulation

Basin

Modeling &Simulation*

Advanced

ScientificComputing

MassiveVisualization Real TimeSimulation

EORDeepDiagnostics

Pore-scalePhysics

In-situSensing

SmartWaterflood


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More Data

Proper 3D Sampling

Wide-Azimuth, Rich-Azimuth

Receiver domain500,000 channels

Shot domainBlended Seismics

MonitoringRepetitive Surveys

More Data of Different Types

Seismic, EM, Gravity

IntegrationJoint Inversion

Multi-Physics

100 m

10 m

30 m

5 m

80 m

117 m

35 m 400 m

A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65

100 m

10 m

30 m

5 m

80 m

117 m

35 m 400 m

100 m

10 m

30 m

5 m

80 m

117 m

35 m 400 m

A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65

Trends in Data Acquisition & Processing


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Challenges

Huge amounts of data

Data Integration

Seismic

Electromagnetics

Gravity

Automation

Quality Cost

Time

manage

Acquisition Processing Interpretation

Seismic Value Chain


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Acquisition Time

Acquisition: Conventional Sources


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Acquisition Time

Acquisition: Simultaneous Sources


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Blended Data Deblended Data



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Conv Sources Sim Sources

FaultsStructure

Dept

h



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Advanced ImagingNear Surface Description

Multiples

Velocity Analysis

Automation

Interpretation

Processing: Key Challenges


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Near-Surface: Challenges


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Near-Surface: Challenges


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AutopickerManual picker

First Arrival Picking

Processing: Near-Surface Description


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Manual picking of 7% of the data(800 km2 - 2 months)

Automatic picking of 100% of the data

(800 km2 - 3 days)

2009 2010




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2009 2010


Manual picking of 7% of the data(800 km2 - 2 months)

Automatic picking of 100% of the data

(800 km2 - 3 days)


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Stack

Land Internal Multiples: ISS

Luo et al, 2011


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Primaries


Luo et al, 2011


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Multiples


Luo et al, 2011


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ManualVelocity

AutomatedVelocity

Manual Picking

1 km x 1 km grid

25m x 25m grid

For 800 km2 from 8k manual to 1bil automatic picks @ 20x

Processing: Automatic Velocity Analysis


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Automatic Velocity Analysis Manual Velocity Analysis

Processing: Automatic Velocity Analysis


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Km/sec

Automatic - data driven velocity depth model generation and imaging

Depth(km)

Depth(km

)

After 320

iterations

??

?

Imaging: Full Waveform Inversion


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Timeslice

TimeHorizonslice

Geo-Time

Interpretation: 3D Automatic Flattening


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AfterBefore

Interpretation: 3D Automatic Flattening


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Reservoir Geophysics: Challenges

Reservoir Simulation (Building Models)

Current PracticeInterpolate between the wells, use geostatistics

Target-VisionHigh resolution direct measurements betweenwells (Seismic, EM, Gravity)

Higher vertical resolution at reservoir level

High-fidelity data to extract reservoir properties (porosity,saturation, fractures)

Geophysics-based reservoir monitoring

Key Issue: Vertical Resolution


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S R

Signal

Nearsurface

S R

99% Noise

Near surface creates noise & kills signal


P i it f G h i I t R l ti


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Surface Proximity to reservoir Near

High

Resolut

ion

LowSurface geophysics

low fidelity

Logginghigh fidelity

Exploration

Development

Reservoirapplications

Bury receivers and sources indeeper subsurface

Bury receivers in shallow

subsurface

Sources and receivers

in a single borehole

Seismic

LoggingDeep diagnostics(sensing around wells)

Proximity of Geophysics Impacts Resolution


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Smart sensors(MEMS, fiber-optic, MAS)

Slim seismic sources(redeployable, permanent)

Cheap drilling(multilateral, coil tubing, jet, laser)

Sensor/Source deployment(U-shaped, coil tubing, drill pipe)

New methods of data analysis(joint inversion, integration, FWI)

Technology

development

Buried Seismic Experiment: Paradigm Shift

http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/gazettetimes.com/content/tncms/assets/editorial/7/89/c4b/789c4be6-e7af-11de-9388-001cc4c002e0.image.jpghttp://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/gazettetimes.com/content/tncms/assets/editorial/7/89/c4b/789c4be6-e7af-11de-9388-001cc4c002e0.image.jpghttp://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/gazettetimes.com/content/tncms/assets/editorial/7/89/c4b/789c4be6-e7af-11de-9388-001cc4c002e0.image.jpg


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Electromagnetics,Precision Gravity

& Seismic

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7.

7.

High-density

Low-density

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7.

7.

High-density

Low-density

2010

2012

TIMELAPSE

2010

2012

TIMELAPSE

Multi-Physics Technology


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Seismic

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Gravity anomaly (Bouguer)

Near surface: Seismic & Gravity

Low-density feature

Seismic & Gravity



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Low-density feature

Magnetotelluric resistivity section

Industry standard inversionSaudi Aramco Seismic-EM Joint Inversion


Near surface: Seismic & EM


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GradiometryEM (MT, CSEM) Seismic

Inversion

ResistivityModel

Velocity Model

Inversion Inversion

Density Model

Conventional

Multi-Geophysics Interpretation


Conventional Inversion


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Velocity Model

Joint Inversion

Interpretation consistent

with all available data

GradiometryEM (MT, CSEM) Seismic


Simultaneous Joint Inversion


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Automation

Data Acquisition

Data Processing & Interpretation

Reservoir Geophysics

Bringing Geophysics closer to Reservoir

Buried Sources/Receivers

New Paradigms in Data Processing

Multi-PhysicsSeismic, EM, Gravity

Data Fusion - Inversion

IntegrationSimultaneous Joint Inversion

100 m

10 m

30 m

5 m

80 m

117 m

35 m 400 m

A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65

100 m

10 m

30 m

5 m

80 m

117 m

35 m 400 m

100 m

10 m

30 m

5 m

80 m

117 m

35 m 400 m

A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65

In SummaryKey Challenges in Geophysics

Documents

Geophysics V2[1]