PowerPoint Presentation

Geophysical Study of the Pagosa Springs Geothermal System

11/1/20131

School of Mines Geophysics Field CampPresenters: Thomas Blitz Thu Bui Elizabeth Pettinger Aly LozierOutlineIntroduction and GeothermalGeological ContextGeophysical MethodsSurvey Interpretation Conclusions and Future Surveys11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp2Survey GoalMap the Geothermal System of Pagosa Springs11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp3

Geothermal in Pagosa11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp4Pagosa Geothermal PlantDistribution LoopGeothermal Water (140 F)400 wellWater to ResortDomestic Water 135 F output 130 F input

Geothermal Greenhouses

II. Geological Context11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp511/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp6Google Earth

(105 mi)Geologic Overview

11/1/20137DikeFrom Galloway 1980Stinking Springs anticlinePrimary Fault NetworkSchool of Mines Geophysics Field Camp850 mLog from Galloway, 1980SEALLocal shallow RESERVOIRPartial SEAL

Mancos shaleDakota sandstoneMorrisonWanakahEntradaBasementThickness (m)70 m60 m210 m 30 mLimestone layer11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field CampLithology11/1/20139

From 2012 Field Camp reportVolcanicsRiver sandstonesMesa VerdeMancos/LewisDakota sandstoneMorrison formationSan Juan riverPagosa Springs3 km (1.1 mi)Geologic HistorySchool of Mines Geophysics Field CampLocal Geology11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp10Vertical Exaggeration = 4

2400230022002100200019001800170016001500SWNE01000200030004000500060007000

10III. Geophysical MethodsSurveyingElectromagneticsDC ResistivitySelf PotentialSeismic11/1/201311School of Mines Geophysics Field CampGoal of GeophysicsRemotely sense subsurface structures11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp12

Geophysics and Geothermal11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp13MethodGeothermal CharacteristicEMGeologic Structure and Fluid ContentDC ResistivityFluid ContentSPFluid FlowSeismic Geologic StructureSurveyingHandheld GPS Differential GPS TDM11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp14

ElectromagneticsMeasures: voltage differencesGoal: identify possible faults and fluid content

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EM47

EM31DC ResistivityMeasures: voltage differencesGoal: identify possible faults and fluid content

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SuperStingABEMSelf PotentialMeasures: Earths natural electrical potentialGoal: characterize fluid flow

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School of Mines Geophysics Field CampThe Seismic Technique18

11/1/2013Seismic AcquisitionVibroseis trucks and hammers send acoustic chirps into the Earth1911/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp

http://www.scintrexltd.com/documents/Scintrex_CG-5-BrochureS.pdfhttp://www.ifg.tu-clausthal.de/java/grav/gdmanual.pdf

5 - 300 Hz signalP-wave signal received by geophones inserted into groundData transmitted to recording station in fieldIV. Survey Interpretation11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp20Main Survey Line - Map

11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp211 mile2012 SurveyMain Survey Line - Geology11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp22Vertical Exaggeration = 4

2400230022002100200019001800170016001500SWNE01000200030004000500060007000

Geological cross-section generated using the USGS geological map22Main Survey Line Interpretation by MethodDeep Seismic AcquisitionAble to resolve large scale features e.g. faults11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp23Depth (m)SWNE

Depth label23

Main Survey Line Interpretation by MethodDC Resistivity & SP11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp2406380Vertical Exaggeration of model = 1.5Distance (m)Anticlinal structureEight Mile Mesa Fault

SWNEPotential (mV)06380Distance (m)Warren 1986 Fault2012 FaultTrujillo RoadSan Juan RiverMain Survey Line Combined Interpretation11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp25Depth (m)

8 Mile Mesa FaultTop DakotaTop MorrisonTop BasementModified Warren Fault 2012 Fault2013 Fault Potential SillSan Juan RiverRecycling CenterHairpin DikeMill Creek

DC Resistivity vs Deep Seismic Depth SectionSWDepth (m)

NE8 Mile Mesa FaultWarren1986Fault2012 FaultSmaller offsets of 2012 and 2013 faults could cause why they cannot be resolved25Main Survey Line Combined Interpretation11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp26Geology vs DC Resistivity

2400230022002100200019001800170016001500SWNE

SWDepth (m)

NE

Trujillo roadSan Juan River8 MileMesa FaultWarren 1986Fault2012 FaultSmaller offsets of 2012 and 2013 faults could cause why they cannot be resolved26Mill Creek11/1/201327

School of Mines Geophysics Field CampMill Creek Why?11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp28Potential faultsFlat, open spacesRural area low noise

Distance (m)Elevation (m)

11/1/201329School of Mines Geophysics Field CampMill Creek EM11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp30

100 m100 mNSNSDakotaDakotaMorrisonMorrison

DakotaMorrison80 mNSDakotaMorrison

60 mNSMill Creek South Line11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp31

EastWest0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Dakota sandstonegroundwaterfaultMill Creek West Line11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp32

SouthNorth0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200XXfaultsMill Creek East Line11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp33

SouthNorth0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200faultsDakotaformationMill Creek SP Map11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp34

V. Conclusions11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp35All Surveys11/1/201336

School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp

Combining Methods-Seismic11/1/201337

Mesa FaultTop DakotaTop MorrisonTop BasementModified Warren Fault 2012 Fault2013 Fault 2Potential SillSan Juan RiverRecycling Center

240020001600Elevation (m)2400 -1600 -Eight Mile FaultSchool of Mines Geophysics Field CampCombining the Methods - DC11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp38

240020001600Elevation (m)0 -250 -Elevation (m)

Eight Mile FaultWarren Fault2012 Field Camp FaultCombining the Locations11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp39

Interpreted Geothermal System11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp40

Future Work11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp41

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Students, Staff, and FacultyAcknowledgementsPrimary support:Archuleta County Mike Whiting & Greg SchulteArchuleta School District 50 Joint Linda ReedPagosa Springs Geothermal District Chris Gallegos & Gene Tautges

Financial support:Colorado School of MinesImperial College LondonSEG Foundation

Equipment & services:CGGSercelGeonics Rob Harris & Simon BoniwellUSGS Andy Kass & Jeff LuciusZapata Jim Hild

Help & support:CSU Archuleta Extension Terry SchaafPagosa High School Laura Rand & kitchen staffPagosa Baking Company Kathy Keyes & Kirsten SkeehanSan Juan Motel Kiel SteckFirst Inn Lou WoodardHorizon Bus LineCentury LinkDan HandRoy MinkNREL Michael HillesheimProperty owners:Marvin LordRichard ClareRajat GuptaMike FergusonAspen Cascade Ranch J.R Ford11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp43AcknowledgementsGeothermal Greenhouse PartnershipKen LevineKevin Khung US Forest ServiceKWUFPagosa Springs Chamber of Commerce Mary Jo CoulehanTerence YoungProf Andre RevilProf Andrei SwidinskyProf Bob RaynoldsProf Dave HaleProf Paul SavaPagosa Springs Community Development Corp Rich LindbladPagosa Sun Jim McQuigginReservoir River Ranch Levine Family Road and Bridge DepartmentJerry Smith & Sally HighSpring Creek Ranch Donald ShahanThe Springs Resort Carla ShawTown of Pagosa SpringsKeely WhittingtonUS Geological Survey Seth HainesBruce Quintanna Archuleta CountyPaul Morgan Colorado Geological SurveyPagosa.comProf Michael BatzleProf Prof Yaoguo LiProf Jeff Andrews-HannaProf Ken LarnerDr Marios KaraoulisDawn UmplebyBrian PasserellaMarvin JohnsonProf Helmut JakubowiczProf Adam BoothJoyce HoopesMatthew WisniewskiJoseph CapriottiGordon OstermanElizabeth MaagThomas RapstineStephen CuttlerEleanor OakleyJorge E de La Torre Guzman

11/1/2013School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp44Questions?11/1/201345School of Mines Geophysics Field Camp