Geology Review

lith

ospher

e.

core

.

cru

st.

man

tle.

oce

anic

cru

st.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The earth zone with the most volume and mass is the

1. lithosphere.

2. core.

3. crust.

4. mantle.

5. oceanic crust.

the

outer

atm

ospher

e.

the

inner

core

of e

arth

.

a p

last

ic re

gion in

the.

..

a p

last

ic re

gion in

th...

a s

olid

regi

on in

the

...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The asthenosphere is

1. the outer atmosphere.

2. the inner core of earth.

3. a plastic region in the crust.

4. a plastic region in the mantle.

5. a solid region in the mantle.

in th

e in

terio

r of c

ont...

on o

cean

ic is

lands

.

alo

ng th

e ed

ge of

co...

in th

e open

oce

an.

In th

e U.S

.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur

1. in the interior of continents.

2. on oceanic islands.

3. along the edge of continents.

4. in the open ocean.

5. In the U.S.

tran

sform

faul

t

man

tle fa

ult

conve

rgen

t pla

te b

...

div

erge

nt pla

te b

ou...

lith

ospher

e fa

ult

20% 20% 20%20%20%

A ____ is not one of the three types of boundaries between lithospheric plates.

1. transform fault

2. mantle fault

3. convergent plate boundary

4. divergent plate boundary

5. lithosphere fault

pro

duce m

ountai

ns.

are

com

posed

of c

ru..

mov

e on

the

asth

en...

pro

duce o

cean

tren

c...

pro

duce v

olcan

oes

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Which of the following is false? Tectoni

1. produce mountains.

2. are composed of crust and core.

3. move on the asthenosphere.

4. produce ocean trenches.

5. produce volcanoes

div

erge

nt pla

te b

oun...

tran

sform

faul

t.

conve

rgen

t pla

te b

o...

subduc

tion

zone

.

man

tle fa

ult.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Tectonic plates move apart in opposite directions at a(an)

1. divergent plate boundary.

2. transform fault.

3. convergent plate boundary.

4. subduction zone.

5. mantle fault.

div

erge

nt pla

te b

oun...

tran

sform

faul

t.

conve

rgen

t pla

te b

o...

subduc

tion

zone

.

man

tle fa

ult.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Tectonic plates move in opposite but parallel directions along a fault at a(an)

1. divergent plate boundary.

2. transform fault.

3. convergent plate boundary.

4. subduction zone.

5. mantle fault.

ener

gy fro

m th

e su

n...

ener

gy fro

m th

e su

n ...

ener

gy fro

m th

e su

n a..

gra

vity

and m

agnet

ism

.

only

gra

vity

.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The energy sources primarily responsible for earth's external geological processes are

1. energy from the sun and magnetism.

2. energy from the sun and gravity.

3. energy from the sun and heat from earth's interior.

4. gravity and magnetism.

5. only gravity.

the

crea

tion o

f a fa

ult ...

a c

hange

in o

cean

cu...

dum

ping o

f toxi

c was

...

com

ets

cras

hing

into

...

min

ing.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

An earthquake is most directly caused by

1. the creation of a fault (fracture in rock) or shifting along an existing fault.

2. a change in ocean currents.

3. dumping of toxic wastes.

4. comets crashing into earth.

5. mining.

cry

stal

stru

cture

org

anic

nat

urally

occ

urring

solid

inor

ganic

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?

1. crystal structure

2. organic

3. naturally occurring

4. solid

5. inorganic

sed

imen

tary

.

igne

ous.

met

amorp

hic.

cry

stal

.

pla

stic

ized.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

All of the following are broad classes of rock except

1. sedimentary.

2. igneous.

3. metamorphic.

4. crystal.

5. plasticized.

met

amorp

hic

igne

ous

sed

imen

tary

pla

stic

ized

cry

stal

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Lava is an example of ____ rock.

1. metamorphic

2. igneous

3. sedimentary

4. plasticized

5. crystal

met

amorp

hism

.

the

rock

cyc

le.

pet

rogra

phy.

conso

lidat

ion.

hyd

rogeo

logy.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The change of rocks from one type to another is known as

1. metamorphism.

2. the rock cycle.

3. petrography.

4. consolidation.

5. hydrogeology.

are

an im

porta

nt s

ou...

incl

ude li

mes

tone

an.

..

are

alw

ays

form

ed o

n...

incl

ude s

chis

t and g

n...

can

be

deriv

ed fr

om ..

.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Igneous rocks

1. are an important source of many non-fuel mineral resources.

2. include limestone and shale.

3. are always formed on the surface.

4. include schist and gneiss.

5. can be derived from plant remains.

met

amorp

hic.

igne

ous.

sed

imen

tary

.

gem

ston

es.

pla

stic

ized.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The type of rock that covers most of earth's land surface is

1. metamorphic.

2. igneous.

3. sedimentary.

4. gemstones.

5. plasticized.

igne

ous ro

ck in

to s

...

sed

imen

tary

rock

int..

.

met

amorp

hic ro

ck in

t...

sed

imen

tary

rock

int..

.

met

amorp

hic in

to s

...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Heat and pressure convert

1. igneous rock into sedimentary rock.

2. sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock.

3. metamorphic rock into igneous rock.

4. sedimentary rock into igneous rock.

5. metamorphic into sedimentary rock.

prim

ary

sec

ondary

met

amorp

hic

igne

ous

terti

ary

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Slate, anthracite, and marble are ____ rocks.

1. primary

2. secondary

3. metamorphic

4. igneous

5. tertiary

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%

A subduction zone is associated with a transform fault.

1. True

2. False

core

and

lower

man

tle.

core

and

upper

man

tle.

cru

st a

nd lo

wer m

antle

.

cru

st a

nd upp

er m

antle

.

core

and

cru

st.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

The lithosphere is made of

1. core and lower mantle.

2. core and upper mantle.

3. crust and lower mantle.

4. crust and upper mantle.

5. core and crust.

mov

ing

tect

onic p

late

s.

ear

thqu

akes

.

wea

ther

ing.

mas

s was

ting.

volc

anoes

.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Soil is developed most directly through

1. moving tectonic plates.

2. earthquakes.

3. weathering.

4. mass wasting.

5. volcanoes.

hum

us is

dis

solv

ed.

wat

er re

move

s so

lubl

...

org

anic

com

pounds.

..

rock

is s

hatte

red

by f.

..

wat

er s

tays

in th

e so

il.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Leaching occurs when

1. humus is dissolved.

2. water removes soluble soil components.

3. organic compounds slowly decay.

4. rock is shattered by frost action.

5. water stays in the soil.

gra

y re

d

dar

k br

own o

r bla

ck

yel

low

gre

en

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Topsoil that is ____ in color is the most highly fertile.

1. gray

2. red

3. dark brown or black

4. yellow

5. green

hig

h per

centa

ge of s

...

hig

h per

centa

ge of l

...

lack

of i

ron o

xide.

low o

rgan

ic m

atte

r c...

larg

e num

ber o

f soi

l ...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Red and yellow colors in a soil horizon usually indicate a

1. high percentage of sand.

2. high percentage of lime and gypsum.

3. lack of iron oxide.

4. low organic matter content.

5. large number of soil organisms.

conife

rous

fore

st.

des

ert.

dec

iduous

fore

st.

tropic

al fo

rest

gra

ssla

nd.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

A soil sample of closely packed pebbles that is a mixture of minerals and low in humus

probably came from a1. coniferous forest.

2. desert.

3. deciduous forest.

4. tropical forest

5. grassland.

hig

h . . .

hig

h

hig

h . . .

low

low. .

. hi

gh

low. .

. lo

w

med

ium

. . .

med

ium

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Clay has ____ permeability and ____ porosity.

1. high . . . high

2. high . . . low

3. low. . . high

4. low. . . low

5. medium . . . medium

cla

y an

d si

lt.

san

d and lo

am.

cla

y an

d lo

am.

silt

and

loam

.

san

d and c

lay.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Soil textures with moderate physical and chemical properties include

1. clay and silt.

2. sand and loam.

3. clay and loam.

4. silt and loam.

5. sand and clay.