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GEOGRAPHYEXPLORATIONCOLONIZATION

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

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REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION*Conquistadors-God, glory and gold*curiosity*new empire and land*colonization

Significance- founding of colonies and formation of U.S.

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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS

Prevent movement-mountains, rivers, plains, oceansResources, or lack of, affect economy of area

Significance-affects westward movement and economies of different regions

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REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

Political-spread democracy & control surroundingsSocial-religious freedom & better way of lifeEconomic-mercantilism, wealth & power

Significance-formation of U.S.

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FREEDOM OF RELIGION IN THE COLONIES

Massachusetts-Puritans & Pilgrims wanted to find religious freedomRhode Island-Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams separate church and stateFirst Great Awakening-emphasized education & religion

Significance-freedom of religion and religious choice

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TRIANGLE TRADE

Middle Passage transported slaves to New World

Significance-brought slaves to America; South developed economy based on slavery

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JAMESTOWN

Established in 1607 by English gentlemen1st permanent English settlementLooking for gold and Northwest Passage

Significance-beginning of America

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NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, MassachusettsCold climate & poor rocky soilSmall farms-produced enough to feed themselvesDepended on sea for economy-trade, fishing, shipbuilding

Significance-provided ships for slave trade, industry as economy

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MIDDLE COLONIES

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, DelawareMild climate, fertile soilGrains-Breadbasket ColoniesImmigrants-Melting Pot

Significance-provided breads and grains for colonies

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SOUTHERN COLONIES

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, GeorgiaWarm climate, very fertile soilGrew tobacco and riceLarge plantations that grew cotton-labor source was slaves

Significance-provided Northern factories with cotton Slavery-major cause of Civil War

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DEBTORS

Owed moneySettled Georgia which was founded by James Ogelthorpe

Significance-settled colonies

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COLONIAL GOVERNMENT INFLUENCESHouse of Burgesses established 1619 in Virginia-1st representative government in New WorldMayflower Compact written by Pilgrims in 1620-signed aboard Mayflower-agreement to live by a set of rules. 1st form of self governmentFundamental Orders of Connecticut proposed by Thomas Hooker-basis for future governing of a colonyWilliam Penn founded Pennsylvania as refuge for Quakers-wrote Charter of Liberties to allow colonists to elect representatives

Significance-led to democracy and representative government

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CAUSES OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Taxation without representationProclamation of 1763-no colonists west of Appalachian MountainsStamp Act-paper materials had stamp to show tax had been paidIntolerable Acts-punish Boston for Tea Party

Significance-colonists angry enough to declare independence

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MERCANTILISM

Colony exists to benefit mother countryColony provided raw materials and markets-British provided finished products

Significance-led to formation of U.S.

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BRITISH ECONOMIC POLICIES AFTER FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

Colonists must pay debts from warParliament & George III start taxColonists no representation in Parliament

Significance-led to independence and war

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COMMON SENSE

Written by Thomas PaineEncouraged colonists to support independence and war

Significance-encouraged colonists to fight for independence

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PATRICK HENRY

Virginia statesman who said “Give me liberty, or give me death!”Leading Federalist-supported Constitution

Significance-encouraged independence and ratification of Constitution

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MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE

Aide to Washington during American RevolutionHelped train soldiers at Valley ForgeTook ideas of Declaration of Independence back to France

Significance-spread ideas of American Revolution worldwide

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CRISPUS ATTUCKS

1st person killed in American Revolution1st martyr of American Revolution

Significance-propaganda for Patriots

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GEORGE III

King of Great Britain during Revolutionary periodThought colonists should pay for French and Indian War so started to tax colonists without their representation/vote

Significance-taxation policies led to American Revolution and independence

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HAYM SOLOMON

Financed Revolution for the Americans

Significance-financial support for the war

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JAMES ARMISTEAD

African American spy during the American RevolutionSpied for the Americans

Significance-Washington gained valuable knowledge of British movements

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BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

Negotiated Treaty of Paris, 1783 to end American RevolutionServed on Declaration committeeInventorWrote Poor Richard’s AlmanacCreated “Join or Die” cartoon during French and Indian War

Significance-contributed to all major documents of American independence and government

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BERNARDO DE GALVEZ

Spanish governor of LouisianaAllied with America during RevolutionProtected Mississippi River for America

Significance-kept Mississippi River open for American trade

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WENTWORTH CHESWELL

1st African American elected to public office in AmericaFought at battle of Saratoga

Significance-African American rights

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SAM ADAMS

Patriot leaderOrganized Sons of LibertyBelieved that taxation without representation was tyranny

Significance-civil disobedience to protest British policies-Boston Tea Party-encouraged independence

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MERCY OTIS WARREN

Patriot playwrightPlays encouraged colonist to support independence

Significance-encouraged colonists to support independence

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ABIGAIL ADAMS

Wife of John AdamsReminded her husband to “remember the ladies”

Significance-encouraged women’s rights

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JOHN ADAMS

Patriot leader in MassachusettsDefended British soldiers at Boston MassacreEncouraged independence/Declaration of Independence2nd President

Significance-driving force behind independence

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JOHN PAUL JONES

Commander of Continental NavySaid “I have not yet begun to fight!”

Significance-did not give up, earned British respect

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MAJOR BATTLES OF REVOLUTION

Lexington was 1st battle of RevolutionConcord-British wanted ammunition & leadersSaratoga-turning point of war because France allied withAmericansValley Forge-winter camp of Americans in Pennsylvania-Lafayette and Von Steuben trained troops-horrible conditions, freezing, starving, no supplies-Washington’s leadership kept army togetherYorktown in Virginia-Revolution ended with surrender of Great Britain

Significance-Washington’s leadership won war

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TREATY OF PARIS, 1783

Officially ended American RevolutionGreat Britain forced to recognize U.S. as a nation

Significance-officially established U.S. & forced Britain to recognize U.S.