Genetics and Variations Genetics and Variations The Language of Genetics The Language of Genetics...
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Genetics and Variations Genetics and Variations The Language of Genetics The Language of Genetics Applied Genetics Applied Genetics author unknown address
Genetics and Variations Genetics and Variations The Language of
Genetics The Language of Genetics Applied Genetics Applied Genetics
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown Click
Slide 3
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown A. Introduction
to Genetics A. Introduction to Genetics B. Variations B.
Variations
Slide 4
1. Genetics- the study of how traits are passed from parents to
offspring 2. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus a. genes are
carried on chromosomes_ A. Introduction to Genetics author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
Click REFERRING GENETICS USING THE WORD GENES IN A SENTENCE. Think
about it! Think Click
Slide 5
3. Genes- are the coded instructions for making proteins
(recipe for cookies) a. determine the traits of all living things
4. DNA is the chemical (molecule) that stores the coded
instructions a. similar to the way a cookbook stores different
recipes_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
Slide 6
5. Human body cells have 46 chromosomes a. gametes (sperm and
egg) contain half the normal number of chromosomes- 23 chromosomes
b. fertilization (joining of sperm and egg) restores the normal
number- 46 chromosomes_ author unknown address unknown accessed
unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author
unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click
Slide 7
B. Variations 1. Variations are ways in which organisms differ
from one another a. inherited (~75%) b. environmental (~25%) 2. Can
be continuous or discontinuous_ author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click
Slide 8
3. Continuous variation a. all organisms of a species show the
characteristic to different extents b. height, skin color 4.
Discontinuous variation a. an organism has the characteristic or it
doesn't b. blue eyes, freckles, blood type_ author unknown address
unknown accessed unknown Click
Slide 9
5. The ultimate source of variations are mutations a. random or
unpredictable changes in type or amount of DNA b. occur naturally
but chances are increased by exposure to ionising radiation_
Science Museam
http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/lifecycle/22.asp accessed
06.09.08
Slide 10
c. a mutation in a body cell is usually harmless but may lead
to uncontrolled cell division (cancer) d. a mutation in sperm or
egg may be passed on to offspring_ Fighting Back
http://www.kcnomofightingcancer.org/2009/04/slip-slop-slap-to-keep-skin-sa.html
accessed 0.09.09
Slide 11
Slide 12
1. Genetics- the study of how traits are passed from parents to
offspring 2. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus a. genes are
carried on chromosomes_ A. Introduction to Genetics author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown Click Source Unknown
Slide 13
Click 3. Continuous variation a. all organisms of a species
show the characteristic to different extents b. height, skin color
4. Discontinuous variation a. an organism has the characteristic or
it doesn't b. blue eyes, freckles, blood type_ author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown Source Unknown
Slide 14
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown A. The Rules of
Chance A. The Rules of Chance B. Monohybrid Crosses B. Monohybrid
Crosses
Slide 15
1. Gene- a portion of the chromosome that controls a trait (fur
color) 2. Allele- different versions of a gene (B-black or b-brown)
of which you have two a. genotype- genetic composition (BB, Bb, or
bb) b. phenotype- physical appearance (black or brown)_ A. The
Rules of Chance author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown ClickPlay
Slide 16
3. True-breed- an organism that always passes on its
characteristics a. homozygous- two of the same alleles for the same
trait (BB- black or bb-brown) 4. Hybrid- an organism that has two
different alleles for the same trait a. heterozygous- two different
alleles for the same trait (Bb- black)_ author unknown address
unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed
unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
ClickPlay
Slide 17
5. Dominant- in a hybrid, the allele that is expressed (B-
black) 6. Recessive- in a hybrid, the allele that is not expressed
(b- brown) 7. When looking at several generations of crosses a. P
generation- parents b. F 1 generation- children c. F 2 generation-
childrens children_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown ClickPlay
Slide 18
1. A monohybrid cross results from crossing two organisms that
differ in one characteristic 2. How to solve genetic problems using
a punnett square a. identify the dominant and recessive alleles b.
determine and label the parental genotypes and possible gametes c.
set up a Punnett square with the sperm along the top and the eggs
along the side_ B. Monohybrid Cross author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown WHY IS IT THAT TWO BROWN-EYED PARENTS CAN PRODUCE
A CHILD WITH BLUE EYES, YET TWO BLUE- EYED PARENTS CANNOT PRODUCE A
CHILD WITH BROWN EYES? Think about it! Think
Slide 19
d. cross by placing the alleles from each sperm in the boxes
below and the alleles from each egg in the boxes to the right e.
the resulting combinations are the genotypes of the offspring
(label this) f. determine the phenotypes of the offspring and list
in each box (label this) g. determine the solution to the problem_
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown
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Slide 20
Slide 21
A. Genetic Disorders A. Genetic Disorders B. Biotechnology B.
Biotechnology C. Cloning C. Cloning author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click
Slide 22
A. Genetic Disorders 1. If two unaffected parents have an
affected child, the trait is recessive a. cystic fibrosis- a very
serious breathing problem_ author unknown address unknown accessed
unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author
unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click
Slide 23
b. sickle cell anemia- red blood cells are shaped like sickles
1) suffer pain, organ damage, even death c. thalassaemia- cannot
make enough hemoglobin 1) pale, do not eat/sleep well, vomit_
author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown Click
Slide 24
2. If two affected parents produce a normal child the disorder
must be dominant a. achondroplasia (dwarfism) b. polydactylism (6
fingers)_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
Slide 25
3. Sex-linked disorders result from genes that are located on
the X chromosome a. hemophilia b. color blindness_ author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown
accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown
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Slide 26
Play B. Biotechnology 1. The use of organisms to perform useful
tasks is called biotechnology b. DNA profiling_ author unknown
address unknown accessed unknown Play IF YOU COULD HAVE THE ABILITY
TO TAKE A GENE (TRAIT) FROM ANY ORGANISM, WHAT WOULD IT BE AND
WHY?. Think about it! Think
Slide 27
2. Genetic engineering may involve the transfer of desirable
genes into crop plants and animals farmed for food a. can be
problematic (unethical)_ author unknown address unknown accessed
unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author
unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click author unknown
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Slide 28
1. Modern cloning techniques (tissue culture) enable the
production of plants with identical genes a. sample of tissue
scraped from parent (DNA) b. placed in nutrient agar containing
hormones c. develop into tiny plants (original DNA) 2. Benefits
agriculture by replicating favorable traits_ C. Cloning Germination
http://www.gemination.com/ accessed 06.09.08 author unknown address
unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed
unknown Click
Slide 29
3. Cloning animals is also possible a. Dolly the sheep_
Research Councils UK http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/media/dolly.htm accessed
24.09.08 author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author
unknown address unknown accessed unknown ClickPlay