Genetic Engineering

: directly manipulating an organism’s DNA using

technology

Selective BreedingSelective breeding (also called

artificial selection) is the process by which humans breed other animals

and plants for particular traits. Typically, strains that are selectively

bred are domesticated, and the breeding is normally done by a

professional breeder.

• Selective Breeding• Selective breeding of domesticated animals is an

example of artificial selection, which occurs when man directly intervenes in the breeding of animals to produce desired traits in offspring

• Examples of selective breeding include:• Breeding horses for speed (race horses) versus

strength and endurance (draft horses)• Breeding dogs for herding (sheepdogs), hunting

(beagles) or racing (greyhounds)• Breeding cattle for increased meat production or milk

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

: an organism whose DNA has been changed using genetic

engineering

Cloning• The most common cloning method, known as "somatic cell nuclear transfer"

or simply "nuclear transfer," requires two kinds of cell. One is a somatic cell, which is collected from the animal that is to be cloned (known as the "genetic donor"). A somatic cell is any cell other than a sperm cell or egg cell, and contains the complete DNA, or genetic blueprint, of the animal it came from. For cloning purposes, somatic cells are typically obtained by a routine skin biopsy performed by a veterinarian.

The other kind of cell required for cloning is an egg cell, which is collected from a female of the same species (known as the "egg donor"). In the lab, a scientist extracts and discards the nucleus of the egg cell, which is the part of the cell that contains the egg donor's genes. The scientist then inserts the somatic cell from the genetic donor into the egg and "fuses" the two with electricity. The resulting fused egg contains the genetic donor's DNA.

Gene Splicing: “cutting” a gene from one organism to combine it with

genes from another organism

: forms recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been spliced

together artificially

: Genes come from more than one organism

DNA Fingerprint: method of mapping a person’s

DNA to identify them

: used in forensics

DNA Fingerprinting

• What can we use DNA fingerprinting for?• Identification• Crime • Paternity

Gene Therapy: the use of genes to treat or

prevent disease

Genetically Modified Organisms

• http://www.reuters.com/news/picture/genetically-modified-animals?articleId=USRTXTZ7A