General Licensing ClassGeneral Licensing Class G2 – Operating …ecee.colorado.edu/~mathys/ecen2420/pdf/GeneralLicense/G2... · 2012-04-29 · G4 – Amateur Radio Practices G5

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General Licensing ClassGeneral Licensing Class

Subelement G2

Operating ProceduresOperating Procedures

6 Exam Questions, 6 Groups

General Class Element 3 Course P t tiPresentation

ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTSELEMENT 3 SUB‐ELEMENTS

G1 – Commission’s RulesG2 – Operating ProceduresG2 Operating ProceduresG3 – Radio Wave PropagationG4 – Amateur Radio PracticesG5 – Electrical PrinciplesG6 – Circuit ComponentsG7 – Practical CircuitsG8 – Signals and EmissionsG9 A tG9 – AntennasG0 – Electrical and RF Safety

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Operating Procedures

Upper sideband is the sideband most commonly used for i i ti f i f 14 MH hi h


voice communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher. (G2A01)

Make sure you use the correct sideband

Lower sideband is the mode most commonly used for voice communications on the 160, 75, and 40 meter bands. (G2A02), ,

Upper sideband is most commonly used for SSB voice communications in the VHF and UHF bands. (G2A03)


Accordingly, upper sideband is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17 and 12 meter bands17 and 12 meter bands (G2A04)

Single sideband is the mode of voice communication most commonly used on the high frequency amateur bands. (G2A05)q y


Because only one sideband is transmitted, less bandwidth used and higher power efficiency are advantages when using single sideband as compared to other analogefficiency are advantages when using single sideband as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands. (G2A06)

When using single sideband (SSB) voice mode, only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed (G2A07)other sideband and carrier are suppressed. (G2A07)

The recommended way to break into a conversation when using phone is to say your call sign during a break between transmissions from the other stations. (G2A08)

Th i l id b d h 160 75 d 40The reason most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160, 75 and 40 meter bands is that current amateur practice is to use lower sideband on these frequency bands. (G2A09)

101215172060USB

FREQUENCY BAND IN METERSSIDEBAND

101215172060USB

FREQUENCY BAND IN METERSSIDEBAND

4075/80160LSB 4075/80160LSB


VOX allows "hands free" operation. (G2A10)

When operating SSB many amateurs like to use the VOX or voice operated– When operating SSB, many amateurs like to use the VOX, or voice‐operated

control, feature of their transceivers.

Using a headset with an attached mike on VOX will

The expression "CQ DX" usually indicates The caller is looking for any

keep both hands free when you’re taking on the worldwide bands while at your home station.

indicates The caller is looking for any station outside their own country. (G2A11)

A DX station like thisA DX station like this one, on top of a hill, will

enjoy some great contacts world wide.

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No one has priority access to frequencies, common courtesy should be a guide ( )common courtesy should be a guide. (G2B01)

The first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in is to acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed. (G2B02)

If propagation changes during your contact and you notice increasing interference from other activity on the same frequency, as a common courtesy, move your contact toother activity on the same frequency, as a common courtesy, move your contact to another frequency. (G2B03)

Before amateur stations may provide communications to broadcasters for dissemination h bli h i i di l l h i di f f hto the public, the communications must directly relate to the immediate safety of human

life or protection of property and there must be no other means of communication reasonably available before or at the time of the event.(G1B04)


The customary minimum frequency separation between SSB signals nder normal conditions is approximately 3 kHzsignals under normal conditions is approximately 3 kHz. (G2B05)

A practical way to avoid harmful interference when selecting a frequency to call CQ on CW or phone is to send "QRL?" ona frequency to call CQ on CW or phone is to send QRL? on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call sign. (G2B06)

To comply with good amateur practice when choosing a frequency on which to initiate a call, follow the voluntary band plan for the operating mode you intend to use. (G2B07)p p g y

A portion of bands that are used in a voluntary basis called the “DX window” should not be used for stateside U.S. contacts. (G2B08)


Only a person holding an FCC issued amateurOnly a person holding an FCC issued amateur operator license may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster. (G2B09)p g

In an emergency, g yauthorized hams

participating in a RACES organization

may communicate yfrom a police

helicopter.


If the situation is really dire, more f ll h h d ’

e s ua o s ea y d e, o especifically when the President’s War Emergency Powers have been invoked, the FCC may restrict normal frequency operations of amateur stations participatingoperations of amateur stations participating in RACES. (G2B10)


If you find yourself in an emergency situation, you should send a distress call on whatever frequency has the best chance of communicating the distress message. (G2B11)

An amateur station is allowed to use any means at its disposal to assist another station in distress at any time during an actual emergency. (G2B12)


• When using full break‐in telegraphy (QSK), transmitting stations can receive between code characters and elementsreceive between code characters and elements. (G2C01)

If another station wishes to interrupt, you will hear its signal between your dots and dashes

– If a CW station sends "QRS", send slower. (G2C02)

• When a CW operator sends "KN" at the end of a transmission, it means the operator is listening only for a specific station or stations. (G2C03)

This is called a ‘prosign’ and is used on CW onlyThis is called a prosign and is used on CW only.

• When a CW operator sends "CL" at the end of a transmission, it means “closing station,” or that the operator is going off the air. (G2C04)

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• The best speed to use answering a CQ in Morse p gCode is the speed at which the CQ was sent. (G2C05)

h “ b ” i i• The term “zero beat” in CW operation means matching your transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal. (G2C06)o a ece ed s g a . ( )

• When sending CW, a “C” added to the RST report g pmeans a chirpy or unstable signal. (G2C07)

• AR is the prosign that is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW. (G2C08)


Q signals are three letter combinationsQ signals are three letter combinations

that begin with the letter ‘Q’

The Q signal "QSL" means, “I acknowledge receipt.” (G2C09)

The Q signal "QRQ" means “send faster.” (G2C10)

The Q signal “QRV” means, “I am ready to receive messages.” (G2C11)


Something is causing interferenceQRMI am troubled by static/noise.I am troubled by static/noise.

I am running low power.I am running low power.

Send faster ( WPM)Send faster ( WPM)

QRNQRPQRQ Send faster ( ____ WPM)Send faster ( ____ WPM)

Send more slowly ( ___ WPM)Send more slowly ( ___ WPM)

I am going off the air.I am going off the air.QRT

QRQQRS

These four are the only ones on the exam.

I am readyI am ready

Who is calling me?Who is calling me?

Your signal is fadingYour signal is fading

QRZQSB

QRV

Your signal is fading.Your signal is fading.

I received the message.I received the message.

I will communicate with ________ directly.I will communicate with ________ directly.

QSBQSLQSO

1515

I am changing frequency to _____.I am changing frequency to _____.

My location is _______.My location is _______.

QSYQTH


READABILITY (R) for Voice + CWREADABILITY (R) for Voice + CW

1 – Unreadable2 – Barely readable, occasional

words distinguishablewords distinguishable3 – Readable with considerable

difficulty4 – Readable with practically

no difficulty5 – Perfectly readable


SIGNAL STRENGTH (S) for Voice + CWSIGNAL STRENGTH (S) for Voice + CW

1 – Faint, barely perceptible signals

2 – Very weak signals

3 – Weak signals

4 – Fair signals

5 – Fairly good signals

6 – Good signals

7 – Moderately strong signals

8 – Strong signals8 Strong signals

9 – Extremely strong signals


Tone (T) Use on CW onlyTone (T) Use on CW only1 – Very rough, broad signals, 60 cycle AC may be present

2 – Very rough AC tone, harsh, broad

3 – Rough AC tone, rectified but not filtered

4 – Rough note, some trace of filtering

5 – Filtered rectified AC but strongly ripple-modulated

6 – Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation

7 – Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulationp , pp

8 – Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation

9 – Perfect tone, no trace of ripple or modulation of any kind

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The Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC is made up ofThe Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC is made up of volunteer amateurs. (G2D01)

Formally enlisted to monitor the airwavesFormally enlisted to monitor the airwavesReport violations and band intrusions to local:

» FCC Compliance» Information Bureau office

Encouraging amateur regulation and compliance g g g pwith the rules are objectives of the Amateur Auxiliary. (G2D02)


Direction finding used to locate stations violating FCC rules with “hidden transmitter hunts” are of help to the Amateur Auxiliary. (G2D03)

Use of directional antennas can track down almost any signal on the air.


To figure where gto point a directional antenna you’dantenna you d use an azimuthal projection map. A i th lAn azimuthal projection map is a world map pprojection centered on a particularparticular location. (G2D04)

Centered on Dallas, Texas


It is permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal Communications Commission, when the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications (G2D05)object to such communications (G2D05)

Most communications take place on the “short path,” that is the most

Another one from the Tech ! !

p p ,direct path between two stations. At times, however, propagation may favor the long path. A directional antenna is pointed 180 degrees from its short‐path heading when making a “long‐path” contact with

th t tianother station. (G2D06)

Operating ProceduresFCC rules require records be kept of the gain of your antenna on the 60 meter band if your antenna is other than a dipole. (G2D07)

• Dipole gain is zero;• Dipole gain is zero;

• Must not exceed 50 watts effective radiated power output.

• Notes kept in station logbook as permanent record

Many amateurs keep a log, even though the FCC does not require it, to help with a reply if the FCC requests information on who was control operator of your station at a given date and time (G2D08)was control operator of your station at a given date and time. (G2D08)


The following information is traditionally contained in a station log:(G2D09)

Date and time of contact

Band and/or frequency of the contactBand and/or frequency of the contact

Call sign of station contacted and the signal report given

QRP operation refers to low power transmit operation. (G2D10)

A unidirectional antenna would be the best HF antenna to use for minimizing interference. (G2D11)

By definition: An antenna that has a single well‐defined direction of maximum gain

A Yagi or a beam

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LSB is the mode normally used when sending an RTTY signal via AFSK with an SSB transmitter. (G2E01)

The number of data bits sent in a single PSK31 character varies.(G2E02)

You can connect a PSK-31 and RTTY data reader to your radio to decode messages.

The header is the part of a data packet that contains the routing and handling information. (G2E03)

14.070 ‐ 14.100 MHz is the segment of the 20 meter band that is most often used for data transmissions ( )data transmissions. (G2E04)

14.070 MHz 14.100 MHz


Baudot code is a 5‐bit code, with additional start and stop bits. (G2E05)

170 Hz is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands. (G2E06)

The abbreviation "RTTY" stands for radioteletype. (G2E07)

3585 – 3600 kHz is the segment of the 80 meter band most commonly used for data transmissions. (G2E08)

B l h RTTY 14 070 MH i h f h 20 b d

3585 kHz 3600 kHz

Below the RTTY segment, near 14.070 MHz is the segment of the 20 meter band where most PSK31 operations are commonly found. (G2E09)

14 070 MHz14.070 MHz


A major advantage of MFSK16 compared to other digital modes is that it offers good performance in weak signal environments without error correction. (G2E10)

The abbreviation "MFSK" stand for Multi (or Multiple) Frequency Shift Keying. (G2E11)

When the receiving station responds to an ARQ data mode packet containing errors, it requests the packet be retransmitted. (G2E12)

ARQ, Automatic Repeat Request. Request to re‐transmit the packet.

In the PACTOR protocol, an NAK response to a transmitted packet means the receiver is requesting the packet be re‐transmitted. (G2E13)

Receiving station will quickly transmit ACK for perfect copy.

G2A01 Which sideband is most commonly used for phone communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher?

A. Upper SidebandA. Upper Sideband

B Lower SidebandB. Lower Sideband

C Vestigial SidebandC. Vestigial Sideband

D Double SidebandD. Double Sideband

G2A02 Which of the following modes is most commonly used for voice communications

on the 160, 75, and 40 meter bands?

A Upper SidebandA. Upper Sideband


C V ti i l Sid b dC. Vestigial Sideband

D. Double Sideband

G2A03 Which of the following is the most commonly used SSB voice communications in the VHF

and UHF bands?

A Upper SidebandA. Upper Sideband


C V ti i l Sid b dC. Vestigial Sideband

D. Double Sideband

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G2A04 Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17 and 12 meter bands?

A. Upper SidebandA. Upper Sideband


C Vestigial SidebandC. Vestigial Sideband

D Double SidebandD. Double Sideband

G2A05 Which mode of voice communication is most

l d th hi hcommonly used on the high frequency amateur bands?

A Frequency ModulationA. Frequency Modulation.

B Double sidebandB. Double sideband.

C Si l id b dC. Single sideband.

D. Phase Modulation

G2A06 Which of the following is an advantage when using single sideband as compared to other

analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands?

A. Very high fidelity voice modulation. y g y

B. Less bandwidth used and high power efficiency.

C. Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise.

D. Less subject to static crashes (atmospherics).

G2A07 Which of the following statements is true of the single g

sideband (SSB) voice mode? A. Only one sideband and the carrier are transmitted; the other

sideband is suppressed

B Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband andB. Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed

C. SSB voice transmissions have higher average power than any other mode

D. SSB is the only mode that is authorized on the 160, 75 and 40 meter amateur bands

G2A08 What is the recommended way to break into away to break into a

conversation when using phone? A. Say "QRZ" several times followed by your call signy Q y y g

B. Say your call sign during a break between transmissions from the other stations

C Say "Break" "Break" "Break" and wait for a responseC. Say "Break" "Break" "Break" and wait for a response

D. Say "CQ" followed by the call sign of either stationD. Say CQ followed by the call sign of either station

G2A09 Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160, 75 and

40 meter bands?

A The lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband atA. The lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband at these frequencies

B. The lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands

C. Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector

D. Current amateur practice is to use lower sideband on these frequency bands

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G2A10 Which of the following statements is true of SSB VOX operation?

A. The received signal is more natural sounding.g g

B. VOX allows "hands free" operation.

C. Frequency spectrum is conserved.

D. Provides more power output.

G2A11 What does the expression "CQ DX" usually indicate?DX usually indicate?

A A general call for any stationA. A general call for any station

B Th ll i li t i f t ti i GB. The caller is listening for a station in Germany

C Th ll i l ki f i id h iC. The caller is looking for any station outside their own country

D. A distress call

G2B01 Which of the following is true concerning access to frequencies?concerning access to frequencies?

A. Nets always have priority.A. Nets always have priority.

B QSO’s in process always have priorityB. QSO s in process always have priority.

C No one has priority access to frequencies commonC. No one has priority access to frequencies, common courtesy should be a guide.

D. Contest operations must always yield to non‐contest use of frequencies.use of frequencies.

G2B02 What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station andare communicating with another amateur station and

hear a station in distress break in?

A Continue your communication because you were onA. Continue your communication because you were on frequency first

B. Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed

C. Change to a different frequency

D. Immediately cease all transmissions

G2B03 If propagation changes during your contact and you

notice increasing interference from other activity on the same frequency, what should you do?

A. Tell the interfering stations to change frequency. g g q y

B. Report the interference to your local Amateur Auxiliary Coordinator.

C As a common courtesy move your contact to anotherC. As a common courtesy, move your contact to another frequency.

D. Increase power to overcome interference.

G2B04 When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum frequency separation should you allow in order to

minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies?

A. 5 to 50 HzA. 5 to 50 Hz

B 150 to 500 HzB. 150 to 500 Hz

C 1 to 3 kHzC. 1 to 3 kHz

D 3 to 6 kHzD. 3 to 6 kHz

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G2B05 What is the customary minimum frequency separation between

SSB i l d l diti ?SSB signals under normal conditions?

A Between 150 and 500 HzA. Between 150 and 500 Hz

B Approximately 3 kHzB. Approximately 3 kHz

C A i t l 6 kHC. Approximately 6 kHz

D. Approximately 10 kHz

G2B06 What is a practical way to avoid harmful interference when selecting a f t ll CQ CW h ?frequency to call CQ on CW or phone?

A. Send “QRL?” on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call sign.

B Li f 2 i b f lli CQB. Listen for 2 minutes before calling CQ.

A Send the letter “V” in Morse code several times and listen for aA. Send the letter V in Morse code several times and listen for a response.

B. Send “QSY” on CW or if using phone, announce “the frequency is in use,” then send your call and listen for a response.

G2B07 Which of the following complies with good amateur practice when choosing a

f hi h i i i ll?frequency on which to initiate a call?

A Check to see if the channel is assigned to another stationA. Check to see if the channel is assigned to another station.

B. Identify your station by transmitting your call sign at least 3 y y y g y gtimes.

C. Follow your voluntary band plan for the operating mode you intend to use.

D. All of these choices are correct.

G2B08 What is the “DX window” in a voluntary band plan?voluntary band plan?

A A portion of the band that should not be used for contacts betweenA. A portion of the band that should not be used for contacts between stations within the 48 contiguous United States

B An FCC rule that prohibits contacts between stations within theB. An FCC rule that prohibits contacts between stations within the United States and possessions on that band segment

C A FCC l th t ll l di it l t t i th t ti f thC. An FCC rule that allows only digital contacts in that portion of the band

f h b d h h b d f d lD. A portion of the band that has been set aside for digital contacts only

G2B09 Who may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to

assist relief operations during a disaster?assist relief operations during a disaster?

A. Only a person holding an FCC issued amateur operator y p g plicense

B. Only a RACES net control operator

C A person holding an FCC issued amateur operator license orC. A person holding an FCC issued amateur operator license or an appropriate government official.

D. Any control operator when normal communication systems are operational

G2B10 When may the FCC restrict normal frequency operations of amateur stations q y p

participating in RACES?A. When they declare a temporary state of communication

emergency

B When they seize your equipment for use in disasterB. When they seize your equipment for use in disaster communications

C. Only when all amateur stations are instructed to stop transmitting

D. When the President’s War Emergency Powers have been invoked

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G2B11 What frequency should be used to d di t ll?send a distress call?

A. Whatever frequency has the best chance of communicating q y gthe distress message

B. Only frequencies authorized for RACES or ARES stations.

C Only frequencies that are within your operating privilegesC. Only frequencies that are within your operating privileges

D. Only frequencies used by police, fire or emergency medicalD. Only frequencies used by police, fire or emergency medical services

G2B12 When is an amateur station allowed to use any means at its disposal to assist another station in distress?

A. Only when transmitting in RACES y g

B. At any time when transmitting in an organized net.

C. At any time during an actual emergency.

D. Only on authorized HF frequencies

G2C01 Which of the following d ib f ll b k i l h (QSK)?describes full break‐in telegraphy (QSK)?A. Breaking stations send the Morse code prosign BK

B. Automatic keyers are used to send Morse code instead of hand keyshand keys

C. An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission

D Incoming signals are received between transmitted codeD. Incoming signals are received between transmitted code character elements

G2C02 What should you do if a CW i d "QRS"?station sends "QRS"?

A. Send slowerA. Send slower

B Change frequencyB. Change frequency

C Increase your powerC. Increase your power

D Repeat everything twiceD. Repeat everything twice.

G2C03 What does it mean when a CW operator d "KN" t th d f t i i ?sends "KN" at the end of a transmission?

A Listening for novice stationsA. Listening for novice stations

B Operating full break inB. Operating full break‐in

C Li t i l f ifi t ti t tiC. Listening only for a specific station or stations

D. Closing station now

G2C04 What does it mean when a CW operator sends "CL" at the end of a transmission?sends CL at the end of a transmission?

A. Keep frequency clearA. Keep frequency clear

B Operating full break‐inB. Operating full break in

C Only for a specific station or stationsC. Only for a specific station or stations

D Closing stationD. Closing station

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G2C05 What is the best speed to use answering a CQ in Morse Code?

A The speed at which you are most comfortable copyingA. The speed at which you are most comfortable copying

B. The speed at which the CQ was sentp

C. A slow speed until contact is established

D. 5 wpm, as all operators licensed to operate CW can copy this speedspeed

G2C06 What does the term “zero beat” i CW ti ?mean in CW operation?

A. Matching the speed of the transmitting station.g p g

B. Operating split to avoid interference on frequency.

C. Sending without error.

D. Matching your transmit frequency of a received signal.

G2C07 When sending CW, what does a “C” mean when added to the RST report?mean when added to the RST report?

A. Chirpy or unstable signalpy g

B. Report was read from S meter reading rather than estimated

C. 100 percent copy

D. Key clicks

G2C08 What prosign is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW ?end of a formal message when using CW ?

A SKA. SK

B. BK

C. AR

D. KN

G2C09 What does the Q signal "QSL" mean?

A. Send slowerA. Send slower

B We have already confirmed by cardB. We have already confirmed by card

C I acknowledge receiptC. I acknowledge receipt

D We have worked beforeD. We have worked before

G2C10 What does the Q signal "QRQ" mean?

A. Slow downA. Slow down

B Send fasterB. Send faster

C Zero beat my signalC. Zero beat my signal

D Quitting operationD. Quitting operation

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G2C11 What does the Q signal “QRV” mean?

A You are sending too fastA. You are sending too fast.

B Th i i t f th fB. There is interference on the frequency.

C. I am quitting for the day.

D. I am ready to receive messages.

G2D01 What is the Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC?

A. Amateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations

B. Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations g

C. Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeatersamateur VHF repeaters

D. Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergencydefense organizations in times of emergency

G2D02 What are the objectives of the Amateur Auxiliary?

A. To conduct efficient and orderly amateur licensing examinations

B To encourage amateur self regulation and compliance withB. To encourage amateur self‐regulation and compliance with the rules

C. To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage

D. To provide emergency and public safety communications

G2D03 What skills learned during “hidden transmitter

hunts” are of help to the Amateur Auxiliary?hunts are of help to the Amateur Auxiliary?

A Identification of out of band operationA. Identification of out of band operation

B Direction finding skills used to locate stationsB. Direction‐finding skills used to locate stations violating FCC Rules

C. Identification of different call signs

D. Hunters have an opportunity to transmit on non‐amateur frequenciesamateur frequencies

G2D04 What is an azimuthal projection map?

A. A world map that shows accurate land masses.

B. A world map projection centered on a particular location

C. A world map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equatorcrosses the equator

D. A world map that shows the number of degrees longitude that p g gan amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit

G2D05 When is it permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal

Communications Commission?

A. Only when the foreign country has a formal third partyA. Only when the foreign country has a formal third party agreement filed with the FCC.

B Wh h i i h iB. When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications.

C. When the contact is with amateurs in any country as long as the communications is conducted in Englishlong as the communications is conducted in English.

D. Only when the foreign country is a member of the l dInternational Amateur Radio Union.

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G2D06 How is a directional antenna pointed when making a “long‐

th” t t ith thpath” contact with another station?

A. Toward the rising sun g

B. Along the Gray Line

C. 180 degrees from its short‐path heading

D. Toward the North

G2D07 Which of the following is required by the FCC rules when operating in the 60 meter band?rules when operating in the 60‐meter band?

A If you are using other than a dipole antenna youA. If you are using other than a dipole antenna, you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna.

B. You must keep a log of the date, time, frequency, power level and stations worked.p

C. You must keep a log of all third party traffic.

D. You must keep a log of the manufacturer of your equipment and the antenna used.equipment and the antenna used.

G2D08 Why do many amateurs keep a log even though the FCC doesn't require it?

A. The ITU requires a log of all international contactsq g

B. The ITU requires a log of all international third party traffic

C. The log provides evidence of operation needed to renew a license without retestlicense without retest

D. To help with a reply if the FCC requests informationD. To help with a reply if the FCC requests information

G2D09 What information is traditionally contained in a station log?

A Date and time of contactA. Date and time of contact

B. Band and/or frequency of the contactB. Band and/or frequency of the contact

C. Call sign of station contacted and the signal report given

D. All of these choices are correct

G2D10 What is QRP operation?

A Remote Piloted Model controlA. Remote Piloted Model control.

B. Low power transmit operation.p p

C. Transmission using Quick Response Protocol

D. Traffic Relay Procedure net operation

G2D11 Which HF antenna would be the b f i i i i i f ?best to use for minimizing interference?

A A quarter wave vertical antennaA. A quarter wave vertical antenna

B. An isotropic antenna p

C. A unidirectional antenna

D. An omnidirectional antenna

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G2E01 Which mode is normally used when sending an RTTY signal via AFSK with an transmitter?an RTTY signal via AFSK with an transmitter?

A USBA. USB

B. DSB

C. CW

D. LSB

G2E02 How many data bits are sent in a single PSK31 character?single PSK31 character?

A The number variesA. The number varies

B. 5

C. 7

D. 8

G2E03 What part of a data packet contains the routing and handlingcontains the routing and handling

information? A DirectoryA. Directory

B. Preamble

C. Header

D. Footer

G2E04 Which of the following 20 meter band segments is most

often sed for most dataoften used for most data transmissions?

A 14 000 14 050 MHzA. 14.000 ‐ 14.050 MHz

B. 14.070 ‐ 14.100 MHz

C. 14.150 ‐ 14.225 MHz

D. 14.275 ‐ 14.350 MHz

G2E05 Which of the following describes Baudot Code?describes Baudot Code?

A. 7‐bit code, with start, stop and parity bits. , , p p y

B. A code using error detection and correction.

C. 5‐bit code, with additional start and stop bits.

D. A code using SELCAL and LISTEN.

G2E06 What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the

amateur HF bands?

A 85 HzA. 85 Hz

B. 170 HzB. 170 Hz

C. 425 Hz

D. 850 Hz

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G2E07 What does the abbreviation

"RTTY"stand for?

A Returning To YouA. Returning To You

B. Radio‐Teletype yp

C. A general call to all digital stations

D. Repeater Transmission Type

G2E08 What segment of the 80 meter band is most commonlyband is most commonly

used for data transmissions?

A 3570 3600 kHA. 3570 – 3600 kHz

B. 3500 – 3525 kHz

C. 3700 – 3750 kHz

D. 3775 – 3825 kHz

G2E09 In what segment of the 20 meter band t PSK31 ti l f d?are most PSK31 operations commonly found?

A At the bottom of the slow scan segment near 14 230 MHzA. At the bottom of the slow‐scan segment, near 14.230 MHz.

B At the top of the SSB phone segment near 14 325 MHzB. At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz.

C In the middle of the CW segment near 14 100 MHzC. In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz

D. Below the RTTY segment, near 14.070 MHz.D. Below the RTTY segment, near 14.070 MHz.

G2E10 What is a major advantage of MFSK16 compared to other digital modes?compared to other digital modes?

A It i h hi h d th RTTYA. It is much higher speed than RTTY

B It is much narrower bandwidth than most digital modesB. It is much narrower bandwidth than most digital modes

C. It has built‐in error correction

D. It offers good performance in weak signal environment without error correction

G2E11 What does the abbreviation“ MFSK" stand for?

A. Manual Frequency Shift Keyingq y y g

B. Multi (or Multiple) Frequency Shift Keying

C. Manual Frequency Sideband Keying

D. Multi (or Multiple) Frequency Sideband Keying

G2E12 How does the receiving station respond to an ARQ data mode packet

containing errors?

A T i hA. Terminates the contact.

B Requests the packet be retransmittedB. Requests the packet be retransmitted.

C. Sends the packet back to the transmitting station.p g

D. Requests a change in transmitting protocol.

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G2E13 In the PACTOR protocol, what is meant by an NAK response to a

t itt d k t?y p

transmitted packet?

A Th i i i h k b i dA. The receiver is requesting the packet be re‐transmitted.

B The receiver is reporting the packet was received without errorB. The receiver is reporting the packet was received without error.

C. The receiver is busy decoding the packet.y g p

D. The entire file has been received correctly.

Documents

General Licensing ClassGeneral Licensing Class G2 – Operating …ecee.colorado.edu/~mathys/ecen2420/pdf/GeneralLicense/G2... · 2012-04-29 · G4 – Amateur Radio Practices G5