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INTRODUCTION The marking schemes which follow were those used by WJEC for the Summer 2010 examination in GCSE SCIENCE - CHEMISTRY. They were finalised after detailed discussion at examiners' conferences by all the examiners involved in the assessment. The conferences were held shortly after the papers were taken so that reference could be made to the full range of candidates' responses, with photocopied scripts forming the basis of discussion. The aim of the conferences was to ensure that the marking schemes were interpreted and applied in the same way by all examiners. It is hoped that this information will be of assistance to centres but it is recognised at the same time that, without the benefit of participation in the examiners' conferences, teachers may have different views on certain matters of detail or interpretation. WJEC regrets that it cannot enter into any discussion or correspondence about these marking schemes. PAGE Chemistry - C1 1 Chemistry - C2 19 Chemistry - C3 34
1
GCSE Mark Scheme – Chemistry 1 Foundation only questions – Summer 2010 Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 1
(i)
3 yes – B (1) no – C (1) metal – D (1)
(ii) 1 conducts heat / malleable / ductile
high boiling point conducts sonorous high density
2
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 2
(i) 1 plates
tectonic plates
(ii) 1 slowly
(iii) 2 earthquakes (1) volcanoes (1)
3
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 3
(i) 1 iron / oxygen Fe / O2 iron powder
FE / O
(ii) 1 iron oxide FeO / Fe2O3 oxide
(iii) 1 high temperature
burns / very hot / hot – needs qualifying
(iv) 2 identifying the two substances – lithium carbonate and copper chloride (1) identify the correct positions for the substances – lithium carbonate at the top and copper chloride at the bottom of the sparkler (1)
4
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 4
(i) 2 hydrogen (1)
oxygen (1)
H2 / H O2 / O
(ii) 1 NH4NO3 − must be correct ammonium nitrate
(iii) 1 D
5
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 5
(i) 1 75 nm
(ii) 2 to coat the inner surface of refrigerators (1) in sterilizing sprays to clean operating theatres in hospitals (1)
6
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 6 (i) 1 345 / 346
(ii) I 1 increase
II 1 increases
III 1 global warming
greenhouse effect climate change
7
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 7
(i) 2 H3PO4 (2) [ HPO (1) / 3 4 (1)]
(ii) I 1 MgO Mg2+O2-
II 1 CaBr2 Ca2+Br−2 / Ca2+(Br−)2
8
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 8
(i) 3 all points plotted correctly (2) any five points plotted correctly (1)
curve of best fit through all points (1) consequential curve
(ii) 1 38 ± 1.0 consequential
(iii) 1 0-1 minute
(iv)
2 40 (1) volume of gas depends on the mass of magnesium used / acid in excess in both experiments (1)
9
GCSE Mark Scheme – Chemistry 1 Common questions – Summer 2010 Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 9 1 (i) 2 B and F (1)
both have one electron in their outer shell / same number of electrons in their outer shell (1)
sodium and potassium / Na and K / 2, 8, 1 and 2, 8, 8, 1
'finishes in 1' both in Group 1
(ii) 2 A (1)
oxygen / O / O2 2, 6
two electron shells (1)
two orbits has two numbers
(iii) I 1 B
2, 8, 1 Na
II 1 fluorine / bromine / iodine / astatine
F / Br / I / At F2 / Br2 / I2 / At2
chlorine / Cl / Cl2
10
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 10 2
(i) 2 A (1)
biggest increase in temperature (1)
temperature increases 21−27
highest final temperature
(ii) 2 bubbles / colour change / precipitate formation – any two for (1) each
fizzing / brown solid formed
colour new substances / products formed
substance disappears
11
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 11 3
(i) I 1 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl i.e. fourth equation (1)
II 1 yellow orange
(ii) I 2 potassium iodide + chlorine (1) potassium chloride + iodine (1)
KI + Cl2 (1) KCl + I2 (1) (ignore balancing)
KI solution / CI2 gas potassium iodide solution / chlorine gas
II 1 chlorine is toxic
poisonous iodine is toxic
harmful / dangerous
12
GCSE Mark Scheme – Chemistry 1 Higher only questions – Summer 2010
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
4
(i) I 1 magma molten rock lava
II 1 igneous
(ii) 1
earthquakes
mountain ranges ocean trenches oceanic rifts
subduction / tsunami
13
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
5 (i) 2 B (1) conducts electricity (1) density – needs qualifying
e.g. less dense than water
mp 98 / density 0.97
(ii) 2 A (1) boiling point lower than
room temperature or 20oC (1)
density – needs qualifying e.g. very low gas at room temperature
gas
14
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
6 (i) 1 any number between 1 and 100 / range 1–100
any appropriate range
(ii) 2 sterilising sprays (to clean operating theatres in hospital) / refrigerator surfaces / wound dressing / deodorant socks / hospital clothing – any two for (1) each
15
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not
accept 7
(i) I 1 increase
II 1 369 – 326 = 43 ± 0.5 per reading therefore ± 1.0 for change (range 42−44)
(ii) 2
increased burning of (fossil) fuels (or named fuel) (1) deforestation (1)
more cars more power stations
(iii) I 1 increase in winter / decrease in summer
II 1 more fuel burnt in winter / fewer plants in winter / less photosynthesis in winter / seasonal uptake by plants less in winter – any one
less sunshine in winter
16
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
8
(i) I 2 curve to the right of graph A (1) aiming towards 30 cm3 / levelling off at 30 cm3 (1)
II 2 curve to the left of graph A (1) levelling off at 60 cm3 before 30 s (1)
(ii) 2
more energy / move faster (1)
greater chance of a collision / more (effective) collisions in a unit /set time (1)
more collisions / successful collisions
17
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
9
(i) I 2 4(413) + 2(498) (1)
2648 (1)
answer only (2)
II 2 2(805) + 4(464) (1)
3466 (1)
answer only (2)
(ii) 1
energy needed to break the bonds is less than the energy given out in making bonds / −818 / overall energy change has negative value – any one
more energy given out than taken in
818 / heat given out
18
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
10 (i) I 1 potassium
K
II 3 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 reactants (1) products (1) balancing if both reactants and
products are correct (1)
consequential marking for Group 1 element
(ii) I 1
Na2CO3 (1) Na+2CO3
2− / (Na+)2CO32−
II 3
add hydrochloric acid (to both) (1) sodium carbonate bubbles/fizzes (1) no observation seen with sodium chloride (1) or add (pH) indicator (to both) (1) sodium carbonate pH > 7 / alkaline (1) sodium chloride pH = 7 / neutral (1)
silver nitrate (1) white ppt with NaCl (1) -2 max
19
GCSE Mark Scheme – Chemistry 2 Foundation only questions – Summer 2010
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 1 (a)
(i) 1 12%
(ii) 1 toilet (flushing) flushing 30%
(iii) 1 20% (2) 30 + 17 + 14 + 12 + 7 = 80 (1) 100 – 80 = 5% (1)
(b)
(i) 1 filtration
(ii) 1 chlorination
20
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 2 (a)
(i) 1 12
(ii) 1 24
(iii) 1 2,8,2
(b)
(i) 1 nucleus
(ii) 2 electrons (1) orbits / shells (1)
(iii) 1 protons
21
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 3
(i) I 1 sodium chloride / copper sulphate
II 1 carbon dioxide / water
(ii) I 1 transfer of electrons (from a metal atom to a non metal atom)
II 1 sharing (pairs of) electrons
(iii) 1 they have low melting and boiling points
(iv) 2 conductivity (1) melting point (1)
boiling point solubility
electricity
22
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 4 (a)
(i) 2 reactants : nitrogen + hydrogen (1) product : ammonia (1)
(ii) 1 reaction can go both ways can go back can be reversed
(b)
(i) 1 ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4
(ii) 1 neutralisation exothermic chemical
(iii) 1 nitric acid HNO3
(c) 2 advantages: increase crop yield / healthier crops / improve soil quality / reduces land needed (any 1)
cheap
disadvantage: pollute water supplies / eutrophication / blue baby syndrome / stomach cancer (any 1)
accept description of stages in eutrophication e.g. overgrowth of algae, oxygen depletion leading to killing fish
pollutes water / kills fish
23
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 5
(i) 1 can regain shape (when bent) go back to original shape
superelastic keep their shape can’t be bent
(ii) I 1 photochromic pigment
II 1 change colour in sunlight / light in uv light
6
(i) 1 chromium Cr carbon
(ii) 1 contains more carbon mild steel contains less carbon
contains carbon
(iii) 1 mild (steel)
(iv)
1 doesn't corrode doesn’t rust hardwearing hard, tough
24
GCSE Mark Scheme – Chemistry 2 Common questions – Summer 2010
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 7 1 (a)
I 1 6% (range 5.5−6.0%)
II 1 40% (no tolerance)
(b)
(i) 1 build up of limescale
furring up boiler scale
hard water scale
scum
(ii) 1 Area B has harder water more limescale has built up in area B less Ca2+ / Mg2+ in area A
A is soft water
25
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 8 2
(i) 1 magnesium, zinc, iron, copper (all need to be correct)
Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu
(ii) I 2 reactants : magnesium + copper sulphate (1) products : magnesium sulphate + copper (1)
Mg + CuSO4 (1) MgSO4 + Cu (1) ignore state symbols / balancing
powder / solution in word equation
II 1 magnesium is more reactive than copper
magnesium displaces copper
(iii) I 1 C more reactive than / above Fe but less reactive than / below Al
Al > C > Fe (but must show clearly
carbon is between iron and aluminium (in reactivity series)
II 1 electrolysis
reaction with a more reactive metal or given example
26
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 9 3 (a)
(i) 1 (addition) polymerisation
(ii) 2 ethene has double bond / polythene has no double bond; ethene is unsaturated / polyethene is saturated (1)
only 2 carbon atoms in ethene / many carbon atoms in polythene;
only 4 hydrogen atoms in ethene / many hydrogen atoms in polythene;
ethene is a short chain / polythene is long chain;
(any marking points relating to chain length for 1 mark )
shorter / longer chain
11 C atoms / 22 H atoms in polythene
(iii) 2 28 (2) If incorrect then 1 mark for: (4 x 1) + ( 2 x 12)
27
GCSE Mark Scheme – Chemistry 2 Higher only questions – Summer 2010
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
3 (b)
(i) 2 thermosets have strong bonds / links between chains / thermoplastics do not have strong bonds between chains / molecules (1) In thermosets, chains cannot slide over each other / chains can slide over one another in thermoplastics (1) response must give / imply comparison
clearly labelled diagrams
tightly packed Reference to layers
(ii) 1 saucepan handles / electrical sockets / light bulb holders / hairdryer casing
TV casing microwave containers
28
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
4
3 named example (1)
change taking place (1)
cause of change (1)
thermochromic paint
changes colour heat
general definitions or answers that do not give a named example
photochromic paint
changes colour light
shape memory / smart alloy
regains original shape
heat Nitinol
shape memory / smart polymer
regains original shape
heat
polymer gel (hydrogel)
swells or shrinks
water / heat / pH
Nitinol contracts electric current
29
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
5
(i) 2 6 (1) 66Sc (1) 21
(ii) 1 nucleus
(iii) 1 mass of 1 unit and 0 charge (both needed for mark)
+1 for mass neutral / none for charge
30
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
6
(i) 3 diagrammatic representation showing clearly Ca losing 2 outer e- (1) two CI atoms, each gaining 1 e- (1) Ca2+ and Cl- (both needed) (1) there must be no ambiguity e.g. electrons cannot be on atoms and ions at same time
(ii) 2 shared pair of electrons between H and Cl (1) full octet around Cl (1)
(iii) 2 strong bonds (between ions) in calcium chloride (1) weak bonds between molecules in hydrogen chloride (1)
ionic bonds are strong weak bonds in hydrogen chloride
reference to atoms or molecules for CaCl2, atoms or ions for HCI
31
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
7 (a)
(i) 3 reactants : H2 + N2 (1) product : NH3 (1) balancing : 3 , 1, 2 (1) ( both products and reactants must be correct before this can be awarded)
(ii) 1 reversible reaction / reaction can go in both directions
reaction can go back / can be reversed
(b)
(i) 1 curve steeper than 350°C levelling out above 350°C curve
(ii) 1 350°C and 360 atm (both needed) (no tolerance)
(iii) 1 greater yield of ammonia (at higher pressure)
increases / more
(c)
2 162 / 180 x 100 (1) = 90% (1) correct answer (2)
32
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
8
(i) I
1
liquid / molten
in solution
II 1 ions need to be free to move
electrons free to move
(ii) 1 3e- 3 electrons
(iii) 2 2 oxide ions lose 2e-s each / 4e-s(1) combine to form oxygen molecule (1)
2O2- O2 + 4e-(2) 2O2- - 4e- O2 (2)
reference to attraction
33
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
9 (i) 3 Mass / Ar :72/12 = 6 ; 16 / 1 = 16 (1) ratio : 6 : 16 / 3:8 (1) formula = C3H8 (1) correct formula without workings = 1 only
(ii) 1
34
Chemistry 3 Foundation only questions June 2010
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 1 (i)
1 heat
(ii) 3 Fire breaks: removes the fuel / reduces the amount of fuel Foam: removes air / oxygen Water: removes heat ....reference to both 'removing / reducing' and 'the factor' needed
35
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 2
(i) 1 sulphuric H2SO4
(ii) 2 • equal volume of acids / 50 cm3 of each acid/ 50 cm3 of sulphuric and 50 cm3 ethanoic acid • equal volumes of alkali / 50 cm3 of alkali / 50 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution • equal time / 1 minute ................. any two
amount ≡ volume same volume of 'solutions' (1)
36
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 3
(i) 1 corn / sugar cane / rapeseed ..... any two for (1)
sugar
(ii) 1 petrol
(iii) 1 carbon neutral ..... both words needed
(iv) 1 less food (for developing countries) / increase the price of food ...... any one for (1)
(v) 1 reduce habitats (for animals) / reduce habitats (for plants) ..... any one for (1)
less ≡ reduce
37
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 4
(i) I 1 ethane ref. to structural/
molecular formula
II 1
ref. to name / molecular formula
III 1 C2H4
ref. to name/ structural formula
(ii) I 1 ethane C2H6
II 1 ethanol
C2H5OH
38
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 5
(i) I 1 air oxygen
II 2 sulphur dioxide + oxygen (1) sulphur trioxide (1)
air
III 1 vanadium oxide / vanadium(V) oxide
IV 1 exothermic
(ii) I 1 detergents
II 1 9
(iii) I 1 volume of 'material' in beaker increased e.g.
reference to steam / bubbles
labelling 'sugar'
II 1 oxygen and hydrogen ..... either order
'O' and 'H' O2 , H2
39
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 6 (a)
(i) 2 Flame test: (brick) red flame Add dilute hydrochloric acid: bubbles (which can be shown to be carbon dioxide)
red fizzing
gas formed / carbon dioxide
(ii) 2 Flame test: lilac flame Add dilute HNO3 followed by AgNO3: white precipitate
(iii) 1 Test: Add sodium hydroxide solution Result: blue precipitate ...... both for (1) mark
(b)
1 limewater turns milky
40
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not
accept 7 (i) 1 heat roast /
high temperature
warm / raise temperature / thermal decomposition
burn
(ii) 2 calcium carbonate (1) calcium oxide + carbon dioxide (1)
limestone quicklime
41
Chemistry 3 Common questions June 2010 Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 8 1 (a)
(i) 2 glucose (1)
ethanol + carbon dioxide (1)
'yeast' written on the arrow reference to formulae
glucose solution
(ii) 1 fermentation anaerobic respiration brewing
(b)
(i) 1 ( ethanol and water have) different boiling points / ethanol has a lower b.p. than water / solution ethanol boils at 78oC and water boils at 100oC / it has a lower b.p.
it boils first 'it' ≡ glucose b.p. for ethanol 79oC / 80oC
ref. to 'glucose solution' / boils quicker/ boils
(ii) 3 Process: distillation (1) Changes in state: Flask: boiling / boil (1) Apparatus A : condensing / condensation (1)
evaporation
liquid to gas/ vapour (in flask) gas/vapour to liquid (in condenser)
boiling fractional distillation
42
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 9 2
(i) 1 25 ... no tolerance
(ii) 2 Range : 0 - 55 (1) Peak: at 30 (1) ... accept any height of peak
(iii) 1 any value of -5oC or below or any value of 55oC or above .... either value (1) i.e. ≤ -5 or ≥ 55
43
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept 10 3
(i) I 1 A
II 1 E
(ii) 1 (graphite) insoluble in water / (graphite) insoluble in most solvents / ink is soluble in water / ink might be soluble in water / ink might be soluble in most solvents
(graphite) insoluble in all solvents
not affected by water doesn't run in water
(iii) 1 add (chromatogram) to water
mix the three colours together
44
Chemistry 3 Higher only questions June 2010 Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
4 (a)
(i) I 1 (thermal) decomposition
II 1 heat roast / high temperature
warm / raise temperature reference to actual numerical values
(ii) I 1 carbon dioxide CO2
II 1 water H2O
(iii) 3 reactants: CaO + H2O (1) product; Ca(OH)2 (1) balancing: 1:1:1 (1) product must correct before balancing mark awarded
(b) 1 iron steel
(c) 2 dust (from lorries and blasting) (quarries) spoils landscape noise (from blasting and traffic) (quarries) destroy (natural animal) habitats
destroys landscape 'named animal' e.g. destroys bird habitats
ref. to pollution ref. to 'environment'
45
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
5 (a)
(i) 1 B and C .... either order C4H10 & C3H8
(ii) 1 A
C3H6
(b) (i) 2 (1) (1) 'H' 's must be present
(ii) 1 same molecular formula , different structural formulae (1) ..... both statements needed for (1) mark
(c) (i) I 1 hydrogen
H2 H
II 1 ethane
C2H6
(ii) 1
46
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
6
(i) 1 air oxygen
(ii) 3 All five points plotted correctly (2) Any four points plotted correctly (1) .... tolerance +/- 1 'small ' square Curve of best fit (1) ...between 400 and the range 600-620
(iii) I 1 higher the temperature , smaller the yield
II 1 400 to 515 .... tolerance on 515 only of +/- 5
(iv) 3 Reactants: SO2 + O2 (1) Products: SO3 (1) Balancing: 2 : 1 :2 (1) product must be correct before balancing mark awarded
47
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
7
(i) 1 burette biuret
(ii) 1 identify 'end point' / to know when all the alkali has been neutralised / to know when all the sodium hydroxide has been neutralised / when complete / exact neutralisation has occurred
to know when all the alkali has been cancelled out / to know when all the sodium hydroxide has been cancelled out / to know when all the alkali has been used up / the alkali is now pH 7
(iii) 3 'mv' ='mv' method m × 25 = 20 × 0.25 (1) substitution & ratio m = 20 × 0.25 (1) 25 re-arranging formula m = 0.2 (1) If no workings award (3) marks for the correct answer.
moles = conc. × volume/1000 method moles = 0.25 × 20/1000 = 0.005 (1) substitution 0.05 : 0.05 (1) ratio conc. = 1000/25 × 0.005 = 0.2 (1) substitution & answer
48
Question Number FT HT Sub-section Mark Answer Accept Neutral answer Do not accept
8 3 Compound A sodium sulphate (1) Compound B potassium bromide (1) Compound C ammonium carbonate (1)
Na2SO4
KBr (NH4)2 CO3
...formulae must be correct to gain marks
GCSE CHEMISTRY MS - Summer 2010 / JF
WJEC 245 Western Avenue Cardiff CF5 2YX Tel No 029 2026 5000 Fax 029 2057 5994 E-mail: [email protected] website: www.wjec.co.uk