GCARD 2010 Haddad

8/9/2019 GCARD 2010 Haddad

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Reviewing the evidence for participation and the µhow¶

www.alineplanning.org

Lawrence Haddad



T his is a second chancefor agriculture

Renewed focus on agricultural development

Greater resources to initiatives that aim to make adifference to poor farmers¶ lives

³ The next Green Revolution ....must be guided by small-holder farmers , adapted to local circumstances,and sustainable for the economy and the environment ´ B ill Gates, World Food Prize speech. October 2009.

B ut, are we being guided by smallholder farmers?M&E is the key way of guiding agricultural resources sothat they achieve impact




57%

28%

...donors ...beneficiaries

³Current M&E practice tends to providegood accountability to´

ALINe stakeholder survey.Lindstrom and Ponsford 2009

n=171

F armer involvement in M&E:

F armer Nowhere




W hat would partnership withfarmers look like?

Shared goals

Cooperative pooling of talentsMutual responsibilityShared gains and risks




S hared Goals

A mixed methods evaluation of a participatory soil conservationproject in 41 communities in Honduras

Participation led to changes in types of technologies tested

Participating farmers were more likely to innovate due tointervention

This led to increased adoption and higher yields (at least x3for vast majority)

The cost of inputs per hectare under participatoryconservation was $208. Similar projects in region without

participatory methods recorded costs of at least $2000 per hectare


Johnson, N. L.; Lilja, N. and Ashby, J.A. (2003) Measuring theimpact of user participation in agricultural and natural resourcemanagement research¶, Ag ricultural Systems 78, pp 287±306



C ooperative Pooling of T alents A systematic review of 121 diverse rural water projects

in Asia, Africa and Latin America

Indicators examined: percentage of water systems ingood condition, percentage of target populationreached and value of benefitsStrong statistical evidence: a 10 per cent increase inparticipation of the rural poor in these projectsresulted in a 2 per cent increase in overall

performance


Isham, J.; Narayan, D. and Pritchett, L. (1994) D oes participationimprove project performance : establishin g causality with subjectivedata, Policy Research Workin g Paper Series 1357, The World B ank



Mutual ResponsibilityRandomised control trial of community-based monitoringof public primary health care providers in Uganda

Citizen report cards reduced child mortality by 33 per cent

The study documents large increases in utilisationand improved health outcomes

Cost per child death averted was $300, well below theaverage of $887 for 23 other interventions.


B jörkman, M and Svensson, J. (2009) 'Power to the People:Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment on CommunityB ased Monitoring in Uganda¶, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol 124: 2, pp 735±69



S hared Gains and Risks A study of collaborative rice breeding in Nepal

Varieties selected by farmers during on-farmtrials had superior combinations of yield and

maturity compared to the breedersµ selectionsVarieties spread from farmer to farmer without the need for intervention fromscientists


Source: Gyawali, S., Sunwar, S., Subedi, M., Tripathi, M.,Joshi, K.D. and Witcombe, J.R. (2007) 'Collaborativebreeding with farmers can be effective', F ield CropsResearch, Vol. 101:1, pp 88-95



W hy don¶t we see more partnerships with

farmers?Value added: not visible enough, despitestudiesPracticality: can it work in real time?Incentives: ground-truthing hurts and career advancement is not dependent on itPower: we don¶t have to -- ³grace and favour´

Trust: ³The poor man who enters into a partnership with one who is rich makes a risky venture´ Titus Maccius Plautus





F armer partnerships are vital to fix

the broken feedback loop



A LINe: people-centred performancemeasurement systems

Research on agricultural measurement issuesSpecialist advice on systematic farmer feedback systemsWork with innovators in the sector through the Farmer

Voice Initiative to learn from their experiences, sharegood practicePilot and evaluate new approaches to farmer feedback

B uilds on work done by CIAT, ILAC, Farmer FirstRevisited and those outside of agriculture, including

private sector




D eja Vu A ll Over A gain?


Now more evidence that participation can addvalue

New approaches developed ²outcomemapping, participatory impact pathwaysNew IC technologies stimulate practicalmethods for direct feedback

Agriculture will not get a third chance for along time²this time around it has todemonstrate impact on people



B ut, donors need to

³initiate discomfort´True leadership is the installing of systems that might cause futurediscomfort in support of the greater goodFeedback systems will improve ± Client accountability

± Advocacy ± Learning ± Outcomes




W e need more people-centredperformance assessment


Farmers

Investors

Practitioners

F oodsecurity

andnutrition

Ameaningfulpartnership

withfarmers

B etween³Farmer

First´ and³Farmer

Nowhere´

Documents

GCARD 2010 Haddad