Gas insulated substation

PRESENTED BY:NAME:SURABHI JAINROLL NO:54EEE

SUBMITTED TO:PROF. KUNAL PARIHAR

CONTENTSSubstationConventional substation(AIS)Limitations of AISThe need for GISIntroduction to GISProperties of SF6GIS assemblyAdvantages of GISDesign featuresDrawbacksFuture trends in GISConclusion

CONVENTIONAL SUBSTATION(A.I.S)

They require protection against atmospheric pollution and moisture ,noiseless operation ,non explosive and flame resistant,reduced maintenance,minimal radio interference,but totally enclosed SF6 gas as insulation also known as Gas insulated substation is now widespread in use.

AIR INSULATED SUBSTATION(AIS)Air used as dielectric.Normally used for outdoor substation.In very few cases used for indoor substation.Easy to expand.Excellent overview,simple handling and easy access.

LIMITATION OF AISLarge dimensions due to poor dielectric strength of air.Insulation deterioration with ambient conditions are susceptibility to pollutants.Wastage of space.Life of steel structures degrades.Seismic instability.Large planning & execution time.Regular maintenance.

THE NEED OF G.I.S:Non availability of sufficient spaces.Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at site.Urban site(high rise building).High altitudes.Limitations of AIS.

GAS INSULATED SUBSTATONCompact & multi-component assembly.Enclosed in a ground metallic hosing.Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas –the primary insulating medium.Preferred for voltage ratings of 72.5kV,145kV,300kV,420kV and above.Various equipments like Circuit Breakers ,Bus Bars, Isolators,Load Break Switches, Current Transformers,Earthing switches etc are use.

PROPERTIES OF SF6:Non-toxic ,very stable chemically.Man-made.Lifetime-Very long(800 to 3200 years).Insulating properties 3-times that of air.Colorless &heavier than air.Almost water insoluble.Non inflammable.

GIS ASSEMBLY:ESSENTIAL PART OF GIS:Bus barCircuit BreakerDisconnectorEarthing switchC.T &P.T(feeder/bus)Feeder DisconnectorFeeder Earthing switchLightning/Surge ArresterCable terminationControl Panel

ADVANTAGES :Occupies very less space (1/10th) compared to ordinary substation Hence more preferred where area for substation is small(eg: cities).Most reliable compared to air insulated substation.Number of outlages due to fault is less.Maintenance free.Can be assembled at workshop and modules can be commissioned in the plant easily.

MAIN DRAWBACKS :High cost compared to conventional

substation(AIS).Excessive damage in case of internal fault.Diagnosis of internal fault andrectifying takes very long time(high outage time).SF6 gas pressure must be monitored in each

compartment.Reduction in the pressure of SF6 gas in any module results in flash over and faults.SF6 causes ozone depletion and global warming .

FUTURE TRENDSCompact design of switch gear by using three phase

modules.Use of vacuum circuit breakers cells in the medium high

voltage GIS.Optimization of GIS design to allow easier

maintenance.Development of DC GIS for incorporating into

expanding national/international HVDC systems.Search for replacement gases for SF6.Replacement of existing AIS by GIS will accelerate

especially near urban centers.

CONCLUSIONGIS- Necessary for Extra HV &Ultra HV.More conservative design.Improve gas handling.Decomposition products management techniques.Achieving &maintaining high levels of

availability require more integrated approach to quality control by both users and manufacturers.

THANK YOU…