Gardeningina

WarmingWorld

A climate-smart gardening course

Howmightyousketchordescribeinwordsyourgardeningspace?

Figure 1. Pounder Vegetable Garden. Cornell Botanic Gardens. Retrieved June 1, 2017. http://www.cornellbotanicgardens.org/gallery/209.

At the end of this course, you will:üBe familiar with the basics of climate change.üList current and future possible impacts of climate change on New York State.üIdentify ways to manage gardens to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.

At the end of this course, you will:üBe familiar with the basics of climate change.üList current and future possible impacts of climate change on New York State.üIdentify ways to manage gardens to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.üUnderstand systems thinking as it applies to your garden system.

At the end of this course, you will:üUnderstand systems thinking as it applies to your garden system.üBe familiar with the basics of climate change.üList current and future possible impacts of climate change on New York State.üIdentify ways to manage gardens to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.üHave the tools to teach Gardening in A Warming World to others.

Figure 2: Christopher Chase, 2003 . Retrieved 31 July, 2017.https://creativesystemsthinking.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/paradigms-are-made-for-shifting

Figure 3. Cornell Cooperative Extension Dutchess County. 2016. Forest Management. Retrieved June 4, 2017. http://ccedutchess.org/environment/natural-resources/forest-management-1,

Figure 4: Soil Food Web. Photo Credit: John & Bob’s Smart Soil Solutions. Retrieved from: https://www.johnandbobs.com/blogs/news/52693445-the-lasagna-method-dont-till-your-soil

Figure 5: Woessner, Patrick. 2012. Introduction to Systems Thinking. Lausanne Laptop Institute. Retrieved 31 July, 2017. https://www.slideshare.net/pwoessner/systems-thinking-lli2012? https://www.slideshare.net/pwoessner/systems-thinking-lli2012

Figure 6- Waters Foundation. 2014. Habits of a Systems Thinker. Retrieved 24 April, 2017. http://watersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/habits-onepage2015.pdf#page=1&view=FitH,

Whatisyourgarden?

Fuelingyoursystemsthinking.

Figure 7: Landscape for Life. 2017. Curriculum preview. Retrieved 22 July, 2017. http://landscapeforlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Slide53.jpg.

Whatchangesdoyounoticeasyoustriveforgardening

success?

Figure8.CornellCooperativeExtensionWayneCounty.

Human-causedclimatechangeisaffectingNewYorkStateinmultipleways,including:•anincreaseintemperatures•extremeweatherevents(heavyrainfall,heatwaves,anddrought)• changesindiseaseandpestpressure

Fig 9. Cornell Climate Change. 2017. Retrieved 25 July, 2017. http://climatechange.cornell.edu/about/.

Alltheseeffectsposerisksforourfarms,forests,gardenlandscapes,andcommunities.CooperativeExtensioniscommittedtoeducatingallthesestakeholders.

Definingweatherandclimate

Figure 10: Marion Grunert, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. (n.d.). Climate System. Retrieved 29 May, 2017. https://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/communication/multimedia/figures/climate-system/.

•Weather istheshort-termvariationsoftheatmosphere(fromminutesto weeks).•Climate istheprevalentlong-termweatherconditionsinaparticularplace,overaperiodof30+years.

Figure 11. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012. The Greenhouse Effect. Retrieved 31 May, 2017. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climatechange_.html.

Figure 12: U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2009. Climate Literacy: The

Essential Principles of Climate Science. Retrieved 31 July 2017.

https://www.climate.gov/teaching/essential-principles-climate-literacy/essential-

principles-climate-literacy

Greenhousegasestrapheatinatmosphere

• Watervapor• Carbondioxide(CO2)• Methane(CH4)• Nitrousoxide(N2O)• Ozone(O3)

Greenhouseeffect

• 1.5oFincreasegloballyintemperaturessince1880• USaveragetemphasincreased1.3oFto1.9oFsince1895,most

oftheincreasesince1970• Warmestthreeyears:2014- 2016• Hottestyeareverrecorded:2016• Longersummers,warmerwinters• BusinessasUsual=+4oFto10oFby2100• Thelasticeagewas8oFcolder

=ARealChallenge*AdaptedfromClimateSmartFarmingpresentation,CornellUniversityathttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3qT8nMtpFI&feature=youtu.be

TheChangingClimate…

Figure 13: Temperatures on Earth as recorded by an infrared sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite. Credit: AIRS Science Team, NASA/JPL. Temperatures on Earth as recorded by an infrared sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite. Credit: AIRS Science Team, NASA/JPL. Retrieved 1 June, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2013-05-pressure-density-exoplanets-atmospheres-odds.html,.

EverySeasonisWarming

Fall

Summer

SpringWinter

Figure 14: Kunkel et al., 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 9. Climate of the Contiguous United States. NOAA Technical Report

Winter Spring

Summer Fall

*Source:fromClimateSmartFarmingpresentation,CornellUniversityathttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3qT8nMtpFI&feature=youtu.be

Figure 15. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/ghgemissions/us-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report-1990-2014_.html

Figure16.Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/ghgemissions/us-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report-1990-2014_.html

Carbondioxide(CO2)

Methane(CH4)

Nitrousoxide(N2O)

EPA’sclimatechangeindicators

Figure17.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.2016.ClimateChangeIndicatorsintheUnitedStates.https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-indicators_.html#explore

Figure 18: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Heavy Precipitation. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-08/documents/print_heavy-precip-2016.pdf

ObservedTrendsin1-dayVeryHeavyPrecipitation(1958to2012)

Figure 19. Karl, T. R., J. T. Melillo, and T. C. Peterson, 2009: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.

Figure 20: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Climate Change Indicators: U.S. and Global Tempterature. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-temperature_.html

Figure 21. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. 2011. Climate Change Facts: New York’s Changing Climate. http://climatechange.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ny_changing_climate.pdf

• Invasive species• Earlier spring bloom dates• Longer growing season• Sea level rise• Storm surges• Changes in water level of the Great Lakes

Mitigation (ofclimatechange):Implementingactionstoreducethesourcesofgreenhousegasemissions.

Adaptation(toclimatechange):Theprocessofadjustmenttoactualandexpectedclimateanditsimpacts.

Integrationoflocalknowledgewithadditionalscientificand technicalknowledgecanimprovedisasterriskreductionandclimatechangeadaptation.Local populationsdocumenttheirexperienceswiththe

changingclimate,particularlyextreme weatherevents,inmanydifferentways,andthisself-generatedknowledgecanuncover existingcapacity

withinthecommunity.IPCC2012:SummaryforPolicymakers,p.15

Aninventoryofourgardeningpractice• Organicmaterialwaste• Soilhealthandnutrients• Water• Pollinators• Gardendesignandplants• Equipmentandmaterials

•Gardenersfirsttonoticechangesinthelandscape•Vitalchangeagentsamongtheirpeers•Understandthetopicanduseappropriateresourcesforoccasionallychallengingdiscussions

Figure 22: Master Gardener Volunteers provide outreach to the public on important topics. Photo credit: Cornell Cooperative Extension Wayne County.

Whyarepeersimportant?Mostindividualsdonotmakedecisionsaboutundertakingabehaviorchangeonthebasisofscientificstudiesoftheconsequencesofmakingthechange.

Mostpeopledependmainlyuponsubjectiveevaluationsofideasthatarenewtothem;andrelyonotherindividualslikethemselveswhohavepreviouslyadoptedtheideaorbehavior.

-AdaptedfromDiffusionofInnovations byEverettRogers.2003.FreePress.NewYork.

climate.gov/teachingResources

climatechange.cornell.edu

gardening.cornell.edu

www.ucsusa.org

www.nyserda.ny.gov/climaid

www.ipcc.ch

ReferenceListPounderVegetableGarden.CornellBotanicGardens.Onlineathttp://www.cornellbotanicgardens.org/gallery/209,accessedJune1,2017

ChristopherChase,2003,https://creativesystemsthinking.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/paradigms-are-made-for-shifting/CornellCooperativeExtensionDutchessCounty.2016.ForestManagement.Onlineathttp://ccedutchess.org/environment/naturalresources/forest-management-1,accessedJune4,2017

SoilFoodWeb.PhotoCredit:John&Bob’sSmartSoilSolutions.Retrievedfrom:https://www.johnandbobs.com/blogs/news/52693445-the-lasagna-method-dont-till-your-soil

Woessner,Patrick.2012.IntroductiontoSystemsThinking.LausanneLaptopInstitute.https://www.slideshare.net/pwoessner/systems-thinking-lli2012?

WatersFoundation.2014.HabitsofaSystemsThinker.Onlineathttp://watersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/habits-onepage2015.pdf#page=1&view=FitH,accessedApril24,2017.

LandscapeforLife.2017.Curriculumpreview.http://landscapeforlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Slide53.jpg.AccessedJuly22,2017.

CornellClimateChange.2017.Onlineathttp://climatechange.cornell.edu/about/,accessedJuly25,2017

MarionGrunert,MaxPlanckInstituteforMeteorology.(n.d.).ClimateSystem.Onlineathttps://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/communication/multimedia/figures/climate-system/, accessedMay29,2017.

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.2012.TheGreenhouseEffect.Onlineathttps://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climatechange_.html,accessedMay31,2017.

U.S.GlobalChangeResearchProgram.2009.ClimateLiteracy:TheEssentialPrinciplesofClimateScience climate.gov/teaching/teaching-climate-literacy-and-energy-awareness

TemperaturesonEarthasrecordedbyaninfraredsensoronNASA'sAquasatellite.Credit:AIRSScienceTeam,NASA/JPL.Online at https://phys.org/news/2013-05-pressure-density-exoplanets-atmospheres-odds.html,accessedJune1,2017.

Kunkel,K.E.,L.E.Stevens,S.E.Stevens,L.Sun,E.Janssen,D.Wuebbles,andJ.G.Dobson,2013:RegionalClimateTrendsandScenariosfortheU.S.NationalClimateAssessment:Part9.ClimateoftheContiguousUnitedStates.NOAATechnicalReportNESDIS142-9.85pp.,NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,NationalEnvironmentalSatellite,Data,andInformationService,Washington,D.C.[Availableonlineathttp://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/technical_reports/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-9- Climate_of_the_Contiguous_United_States.pdf

TemperaturesonEarthasrecordedbyaninfraredsensoronNASA'sAquasatellite.Credit:AIRSScienceTeam,NASA/JPL.Onlineathttps://phys.org/news/2013-05-pressure-density-exoplanets-atmospheres-odds.html,accessedJune1,2017.

Karl,T.R.,J.T.Melillo,andT.C.Peterson,2009:GlobalClimateChangeImpactsintheUnitedStates.T.R.Karl,J.T.Melillo,andT.C.Peterson,Eds.CambridgeUniversityPress.Onlineat

https://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-report.pdf, accessedMay3,2017.